mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

AutoEnvScaling: Automating the Data Flywheel with Terminal Agents

arXiv 2610.14163 ↗First posted 9 Oct 2026cs.SE cs.CL cs.LGcited by 0

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Terminal agents solve tasks in software engineering and scientific research by executing commands in a terminal. Training them via reinforcement learning (RL) requires diverse and verifiable environments, but these environments are still mostly designed by human researchers, so their supply grows only as fast as researchers can work. We introduce AutoEnvScaling, which treats environment design as a terminal task and uses agents to automate the data flywheel. A proposer agent builds new RL environments from the rollouts of the solver being trained, and the solver's new rollouts guide the next round. By turning environment generation into a terminal task, AutoEnvScaling increases the valid-environment rate by up to 25 times compared to prompt-only generation, at up to 75% lower cost per valid environment. We show that training Qwen3.5-35B-A3B on AutoEnvScaling environments from GPT-5.6-sol improves its Terminal-Bench 2.1 score by 4.3 points over the matched Tmax baseline. The broader goal of AutoEnvScaling is to enable recursive self-improvement (RSI): by making both environment generation and solving terminal tasks, it lets one model co-evolve in both roles. We show that Qwen3.6-35B-A3B, acting in both roles, gains 12.2 points on Terminal-Bench 2.1 and raises its Terminal-Bench 4.0 score from 1.6 to 3.2. The pipeline also generalizes across agentic domains, generating environments for software engineering, computer use, professional work, and GPU kernel programming. Overall, these results show a path toward agents building their own training environments, reducing human reliance and taking a core step toward RSI.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 48 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Oct 2026.

Builds on

48 of 61 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

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  4. 2025Toward Training Superintelligent Software Agents through Self-Play SWE-RL21 Dec

Other references · 44

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  6. 2025RAGEN: Understanding Self-Evolution in LLM Agents via Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learningcited by 386
  7. 2025Darwin Godel Machine: Open-Ended Evolution of Self-Improving Agentscited by 356
  8. 2025Absolute Zero: Reinforced Self-play Reasoning with Zero Datacited by 344
  9. 2026Meta-Harness: End-to-End Optimization of Model Harnessescited by 309
  10. 2020Emergent Complexity and Zero-shot Transfer via Unsupervised Environment Designcited by 275
  11. 2025SWE-RL: Advancing LLM Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning on Open Software Evolutioncited by 263
  12. 2025R-Zero: Self-Evolving Reasoning LLM from Zero Datacited by 228
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  4. 2025The Tool Decathlon: Benchmarking Language Agents for Diverse, Realistic, and Long-Horizon Task Executioncited by 85
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  7. 2025Agent0: Unleashing Self-Evolving Agents from Zero Data via Tool-Integrated Reasoningcited by 75
  8. 2026Agent World Model: Infinity Synthetic Environments for Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 66
  9. 2025Self-Challenging Language Model Agentscited by 59
  10. 2026Endless Terminals: Scaling RL Environments for Terminal Agentscited by 54
  11. 2025RLVE: Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning for Language Models with Adaptive Verifiable Environmentscited by 50
  12. 2026OSWorld 2.0: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on Long-Horizon Real-World Taskscited by 40
  13. 2026Rethinking the Trust Region in LLM Reinforcement Learningcited by 37
  14. 2026Tmax: A simple recipe for terminal agentscited by 33
  15. 2026ScaleEnv: Scaling Environment Synthesis from Scratch for Generalist Interactive Tool-Use Agent Trainingcited by 32
  16. 2026TermiGen: High-Fidelity Environment and Robust Trajectory Synthesis for Terminal Agentscited by 29
  17. 2026Towards Execution-Grounded Automated AI Researchcited by 28
  18. 2026InfiniteWeb: Scalable Web Environment Synthesis for GUI Agent Trainingcited by 27
  19. 2026Gym-Anything: Turn any Software into an Agent Environmentcited by 27
  20. 2026HiL-Bench (Human-in-Loop Benchmark): Do Agents Know When to Ask for Help?cited by 27
  21. 2026FlashInfer-Bench: Building the Virtuous Cycle for AI-driven LLM Systemscited by 25
  22. 2026Terminal-World: Scaling Terminal-Agent Environments via Agent Skillscited by 20
  23. 2026Recursive Synthesis for Long-Horizon Terminal Taskscited by 19
  24. 2026Autodata: An agentic data scientist to create high quality synthetic datacited by 16
  25. 2026SETA: Scaling Environments for Terminal Agentscited by 12
  26. 2026SPADE: Self-Play in Adaptive Synthetic Executable Environmentscited by 12
  27. 2026GPT-Red: Automated Red Teaming via Self-Play at Scalecited by 8
  28. 2026CalibForge: Adversarial Solver Calibration for Scaling Learnable Terminal Taskscited by 8
  29. 2026Terminal-Universe: Turning Agent Trajectories into Scalable Terminal Environmentscited by 8
  30. 2026T1: Terminal Agent Reinforcement Learning for Long-Horizon Taskscited by 7
  31. 2026One Frozen Simulator Is Not Enough: Simulator Collapse in Multi-Agent RLcited by 6
  32. 2026Envs-FORGE: Frontier-Optimized Reward-Grounded Environment Synthesis for Agent RLcited by 4

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  3. 2026Breaking the Solver Bottleneck: Training Task Generators at the Learnable Frontier
  4. 2026EnvFactory: Scaling Tool-Use Agents via Executable Environments Synthesis and Robust RL
  5. 2026Meta-Task: Turning Terminal Task Synthesis into a Terminal Task for Scalable Agent Training
  6. 2025Reinforcement Learning for Machine Learning Engineering Agents
  7. 2026SWE-MiniSandbox: Container-Free Reinforcement Learning for Building Software Engineering Agents
  8. 2025AutoEnv: Automated Environments for Measuring Cross-Environment Agent Learning