Help Without Being Asked: A Deployed Proactive Agent System for On-Call Support with Continuous Self-Improvement
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
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Abstract (arXiv)
In large-scale cloud service platforms, thousands of customer tickets are generated daily and are typically handled through on-call dialogues. This high volume of on-call interactions imposes a substantial workload on human support analysts. Recent studies have explored reactive agents that leverage large language models as a first line of support to interact with customers directly and resolve issues. However, when issues remain unresolved and are escalated to human support, these agents are typically disengaged. As a result, they cannot assist with follow-up inquiries, track resolution progress, or learn from the cases they fail to address. In this paper, we introduce Vigil, a novel proactive agent system designed to operate throughout the entire on-call life-cycle. Unlike reactive agents, Vigil focuses on providing assistance during the phase in which human support is already involved. It integrates into the dialogue between the customer and the analyst, proactively offering assistance without explicit user invocation. Moreover, Vigil incorporates a continuous self-improvement mechanism that extracts knowledge from human-resolved cases to autonomously update its capabilities. Vigil has been deployed on Volcano Engine, ByteDance's cloud platform, for over ten months, and comprehensive evaluations based on this deployment demonstrate its effectiveness and practicality. The open source version of this work is publicly available at https://github.com/volcengine/veaiops.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 18 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Feb 2026.
Builds on
18 of 33 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Self-Challenging Language Model Agents2 Jun
- 2024Ask-before-Plan: Proactive Language Agents for Real-World Planning18 Jun
Other references · 16
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
- 2024A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 1,423
- 2023Lift Yourself Up: Retrieval-augmented Text Generation with Self Memorycited by 103
- 2024Towards Human-centered Proactive Conversational Agentscited by 49
- 2024RaFe: Ranking Feedback Improves Query Rewriting for RAGcited by 49
- 2022PACIFIC: Towards Proactive Conversational Question Answering over Tabular and Textual Data in Financecited by 45
- 2025ContextAgent: Context-Aware Proactive LLM Agents with Open-World Sensory Perceptionscited by 45
- 2024Proactive Conversational Agents with Inner Thoughtscited by 36
- 2025ECom-Bench: Can LLM Agent Resolve Real-World E-commerce Customer Support Issues?cited by 27
- 2024CHOPS: CHat with custOmer Profile Systems for Customer Service with LLMscited by 17
- 2024RichRAG: Crafting Rich Responses for Multi-faceted Queries in Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 16
4 more
- 2024FACTS About Building Retrieval Augmented Generation-based Chatbotscited by 15
- 2025LLM-Friendly Knowledge Representation for Customer Supportcited by 12
- 2025RAGVA: Engineering Retrieval Augmented Generation-based Virtual Assistants in Practicecited by 6
- 2025PaRT: Enhancing Proactive Social Chatbots with Personalized Real-Time Retrievalcited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026VIGIL: Towards Edge-Extended Agentic AI for Enterprise IT Support
- 2025Agent-in-the-Loop: A Data Flywheel for Continuous Improvement in LLM-based Customer Support
- 2026Proactive Service Agents: A Unified Decision Framework, Methods, and Evaluation
- 2026Self-evolving Agentic Customer Support System at LinkedIn
- 2026Beyond IVR: Benchmarking Customer Support LLM Agents for Business-Adherence
- 2026ProACT: Towards Breakdown-Aware Proactive Agent in Multi-User Collaboration
- 2026Context Graphs for Proactive Enterprise Agents
- 2026π-Bench: Evaluating Proactive Personal Assistant Agents in Long-Horizon Workflows