mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

PACIFIC: Towards Proactive Conversational Question Answering over Tabular and Textual Data in Finance

arXiv 2210.08817 ↗First posted 17 Oct 2022cs.CLcited by 45

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Abstract (arXiv)

To facilitate conversational question answering (CQA) over hybrid contexts in finance, we present a new dataset, named PACIFIC. Compared with existing CQA datasets, PACIFIC exhibits three key features: (i) proactivity, (ii) numerical reasoning, and (iii) hybrid context of tables and text. A new task is defined accordingly to study Proactive Conversational Question Answering (PCQA), which combines clarification question generation and CQA. In addition, we propose a novel method, namely UniPCQA, to adapt a hybrid format of input and output content in PCQA into the Seq2Seq problem, including the reformulation of the numerical reasoning process as code generation. UniPCQA performs multi-task learning over all sub-tasks in PCQA and incorporates a simple ensemble strategy to alleviate the error propagation issue in the multi-task learning by cross-validating top-k sampled Seq2Seq outputs. We benchmark the PACIFIC dataset with extensive baselines and provide comprehensive evaluations on each sub-task of PCQA.

Key facts. Cited by 45 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Oct 2022.

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44 of 61 references.

References · 44

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  2. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,599
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  4. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
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  6. 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,916
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  10. 2019DialoGPT: Large-Scale Generative Pre-training for Conversational Response Generationcited by 842
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32 more
  1. 2021FinQA: A Dataset of Numerical Reasoning over Financial Datacited by 562
  2. 2021TAT-QA: A Question Answering Benchmark on a Hybrid of Tabular and Textual Content in Financecited by 408
  3. 2018QuAC : Question Answering in Contextcited by 381
  4. 2020HybridQA: A Dataset of Multi-Hop Question Answering over Tabular and Textual Datacited by 264
  5. 2021MultiModalQA: Complex Question Answering over Text, Tables and Imagescited by 179
  6. 2020Open Question Answering over Tables and Textcited by 163
  7. 2020Open-Domain Question Answering Goes Conversational via Question Rewritingcited by 148
  8. 2020Injecting Numerical Reasoning Skills into Language Modelscited by 133
  9. 2020Estimation-Action-Reflection: Towards Deep Interaction Between Conversational and Recommender Systemscited by 98
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  11. 2021Representing Numbers in NLP: a Survey and a Visioncited by 83
  12. 2022Towards Complex Document Understanding By Discrete Reasoningcited by 82
  13. 2020Interactive Path Reasoning on Graph for Conversational Recommendationcited by 72
  14. 2019BERT with History Answer Embedding for Conversational Question Answeringcited by 67
  15. 2021Building and Evaluating Open-Domain Dialogue Corpora with Clarifying Questionscited by 63
  16. 2019NumNet: Machine Reading Comprehension with Numerical Reasoningcited by 59
  17. 2019Giving BERT a Calculator: Finding Operations and Arguments with Reading Comprehensioncited by 51
  18. 2021Unified Conversational Recommendation Policy Learning via Graph-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 51
  19. 2020Conversational Question Reformulation via Sequence-to-Sequence Architectures and Pretrained Language Modelscited by 45
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  22. 2022Conversational Information Seekingcited by 37
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  26. 2021Learn to Resolve Conversational Dependency: A Consistency Training Framework for Conversational Question Answeringcited by 27
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  28. 2022TaCube: Pre-computing Data Cubes for Answering Numerical-Reasoning Questions over Tabular Datacited by 19
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 6; 2024: 14; 2025: 17; 2026: 6.

45 papers.

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  1. 2024Large Language Models(LLMs) on Tabular Data: Prediction, Generation, and Understanding -- A Surveycited by 159
  2. 2023Prompting and Evaluating Large Language Models for Proactive Dialogues: Clarification, Target-guided, and Non-collaborationcited by 116
  3. 2024ChatQA: Surpassing GPT-4 on Conversational QA and RAGcited by 90
  4. 2024A Survey of Large Language Models in Finance (FinLLMs)cited by 79
  5. 2023Plug-and-Play Policy Planner for Large Language Model Powered Dialogue Agentscited by 77
  6. 2023A Survey on Proactive Dialogue Systems: Problems, Methods, and Prospectscited by 66
  7. 2024Ask-before-Plan: Proactive Language Agents for Real-World Planningcited by 60
  8. 2024Learning to Clarify: Multi-turn Conversations with Action-Based Contrastive Self-Trainingcited by 57
  9. 2024Towards Human-centered Proactive Conversational Agentscited by 49
  10. 2024On the Multi-turn Instruction Following for Conversational Web Agentscited by 43
  11. 2023Knowledge-enhanced Mixed-initiative Dialogue System for Emotional Support Conversationscited by 41
  12. 2025Structured Uncertainty guided Clarification for LLM Agentscited by 41
33 more
  1. 2024A Survey of Conversational Searchcited by 22
  2. 2024STYLE: Improving Domain Transferability of Asking Clarification Questions in Large Language Model Powered Conversational Agentscited by 17
  3. 2025Teaching Language Models To Gather Information Proactivelycited by 14
  4. 2024cPAPERS: A Dataset of Situated and Multimodal Interactive Conversations in Scientific Paperscited by 11
  5. 2023Multi-View Graph Representation Learning for Answering Hybrid Numerical Reasoning Questioncited by 10
  6. 2025Interpersonal Memory Matters: A New Task for Proactive Dialogue Utilizing Conversational Historycited by 10
  7. 2024SubjECTive-QA: Measuring Subjectivity in Earnings Call Transcripts' QA Through Six-Dimensional Feature Analysiscited by 8
  8. 2026Fin-RATE: A Real-world Financial Analytics and Tracking Evaluation Benchmark for LLMs on SEC Filingscited by 8
  9. 2022A Survey on Table-and-Text HybridQA: Concepts, Methods, Challenges and Future Directionscited by 7
  10. 2024PCQPR: Proactive Conversational Question Planning with Reflectioncited by 6
  11. 2025Towards Personalized Conversational Sales Agents: Contextual User Profiling for Strategic Actioncited by 6
  12. 2025Disambiguation in Conversational Question Answering in the Era of LLMs and Agents: A Surveycited by 6
  13. 2025Bottom-Up Synthesis of Knowledge-Grounded Task-Oriented Dialogues with Iteratively Self-Refined Promptscited by 5
  14. 2025Table Question Answering in the Era of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Evaluationcited by 5
  15. 2025Learning Steerable Clarification Policies with Collaborative Self-playcited by 5
  16. 2022NAPG: Non-Autoregressive Program Generation for Hybrid Tabular-Textual Question Answeringcited by 4
  17. 2024Redefining Proactivity for Information Seeking Dialoguecited by 4
  18. 2025How to Enable Effective Cooperation Between Humans and NLP Models: A Survey of Principles, Formalizations, and Beyondcited by 4
  19. 2025Zero-Shot and Efficient Clarification Need Prediction in Conversational Searchcited by 4
  20. 2025Bridging Language Models and Financial Analysiscited by 4
  21. 2025DialogXpert: Driving Intelligent and Emotion-Aware Conversations through Online Value-Based Reinforcement Learning with LLM Priorscited by 4
  22. 2024iTBLS: A Dataset of Interactive Conversations Over Tabular Informationcited by 3
  23. 2025Synthetic Clarification and Correction Dialogues about Data-Centric Tasks -- A Teacher-Student Approachcited by 3
  24. 2023Alexpaca: Learning Factual Clarification Question Generation Without Examplescited by 2
  25. 2025ECLAIR: Enhanced Clarification for Interactive Responsescited by 2
  26. 2025Improving Instruct Models for Free: A Study on Partial Adaptationcited by 2
  27. 2025PanelTR: Zero-Shot Table Reasoning Framework Through Multi-Agent Scientific Discussioncited by 1
  28. 2026Help Without Being Asked: A Deployed Proactive Agent System for On-Call Support with Continuous Self-Improvementcited by 1
  29. 2026FinRank: An Evidence-Grounded Benchmark for Financial Question Answering and Retrieval over SEC Filingscited by 1
  30. 2025Collaborative and Proactive Management of Task-Oriented Conversationscited by 0
  31. 2026When Tables Go Crazy: Evaluating Multimodal Models on French Financial Documentscited by 0
  32. 2026Clarification Is Not Enough: Post-Clarification Answering Remains the Bottleneck in Multi-Turn QAcited by 0
  33. 2026When and How Should an Agent Clarify? CIGAsk: Teaching LLMs to Clarify via Counterfactual Information Gaincited by 0

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  1. 2024FinTextQA: A Dataset for Long-form Financial Question Answering
  2. 2022ConvFinQA: Exploring the Chain of Numerical Reasoning in Conversational Finance Question Answering
  3. 2026Enhancing Financial Question Answering: A Novel Benchmark Dataset of Banks' financial statements
  4. 2024FinLLMs: A Framework for Financial Reasoning Dataset Generation with Large Language Models
  5. 2026From Documents to Reasoning: A Validated Synthetic Data Pipeline and Semantic-Aware Fine-Tuning for Financial Numerical Reasoning
  6. 2024Equipping Language Models with Tool Use Capability for Tabular Data Analysis in Finance
  7. 2026FIND: Toward Multimodal Financial Reasoning and Question Answering for Indic Languages
  8. 2025FinDER: Financial Dataset for Question Answering and Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation