mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

PingPong: A Natural Benchmark for Multi-Turn Code-Switching Dialogues

arXiv 2601.17277 ↗First posted 24 Jan 2026cs.CLcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Code-switching is a widespread practice among the world's multilingual majority, yet few benchmarks accurately reflect its complexity in everyday communication. We present PingPong, a benchmark for natural multi-party code-switching dialogues covering five language-combination variations, some of which are trilingual. Our dataset consists of human-authored conversations among 2 to 4 participants covering authentic, multi-threaded structures where replies frequently reference much earlier points in the dialogue. We demonstrate that our data is significantly more natural and structurally diverse than machine-generated alternatives, offering greater variation in message length, speaker dominance, and reply distance. Based on these dialogues, we define three downstream tasks: Question Answering, Dialogue Summarization, and Topic Classification. Evaluations of several state-of-the-art language models on PingPong reveal that performance remains limited on code-switched inputs, underscoring the urgent need for more robust NLP systems capable of addressing the intricacies of real-world multilingual discourse.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jan 2026.

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29 of 70 references.

References · 29

  1. 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,512
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  4. 2020SummEval: Re-evaluating Summarization Evaluationcited by 674
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  6. 2024Aya 23: Open Weight Releases to Further Multilingual Progresscited by 123
  7. 2020GLUECoS : An Evaluation Benchmark for Code-Switched NLPcited by 102
  8. 2020LinCE: A Centralized Benchmark for Linguistic Code-switching Evaluationcited by 93
  9. 2019A Survey of Code-switched Speech and Language Processingcited by 75
  10. 2020Corpus Creation for Sentiment Analysis in Code-Mixed Tamil-English Textcited by 67
  11. 2021Are Multilingual Models Effective in Code-Switching?cited by 56
  12. 2019Code-Switched Language Models Using Neural Based Synthetic Data from Parallel Sentencescited by 55
17 more
  1. 2023Prompting Multilingual Large Language Models to Generate Code-Mixed Texts: The Case of South East Asian Languagescited by 51
  2. 2020A Sentiment Analysis Dataset for Code-Mixed Malayalam-Englishcited by 50
  3. 2021ASCEND: A Spontaneous Chinese-English Dataset for Code-switching in Multi-turn Conversationcited by 44
  4. 2020PHINC: A Parallel Hinglish Social Media Code-Mixed Corpus for Machine Translationcited by 38
  5. 2022L3Cube-HingCorpus and HingBERT: A Code Mixed Hindi-English Dataset and BERT Language Modelscited by 34
  6. 2021From Machine Translation to Code-Switching: Generating High-Quality Code-Switched Textcited by 29
  7. 2021HinGE: A Dataset for Generation and Evaluation of Code-Mixed Hinglish Textcited by 28
  8. 2019Named Entity Recognition on Code-Switched Data: Overview of the CALCS 2018 Shared Taskcited by 24
  9. 2019From English to Code-Switching: Transfer Learning with Strong Morphological Cluescited by 18
  10. 2018Code-Switching Language Modeling using Syntax-Aware Multi-Task Learningcited by 15
  11. 2023CroCoSum: A Benchmark Dataset for Cross-Lingual Code-Switched Summarizationcited by 8
  12. 2021MIPE: A Metric Independent Pipeline for Effective Code-Mixed NLG Evaluationcited by 7
  13. 2023IndoRobusta: Towards Robustness Against Diverse Code-Mixed Indonesian Local Languagescited by 5
  14. 2020hinglishNorm -- A Corpus of Hindi-English Code Mixed Sentences for Text Normalizationcited by 3
  15. 2025DIVERS-Bench: Evaluating Language Identification Across Domain Shifts and Code-Switchingcited by 3
  16. 2024L3Cube-MahaSum: A Comprehensive Dataset and BART Models for Abstractive Text Summarization in Marathicited by 1
  17. 2025Euska~nolDS: A Naturally Sourced Corpus for Basque-Spanish Code-Switchingcited by 1

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