Named Entity Recognition on Code-Switched Data: Overview of the CALCS 2018 Shared Task
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Abstract (arXiv)
In the third shared task of the Computational Approaches to Linguistic Code-Switching (CALCS) workshop, we focus on Named Entity Recognition (NER) on code-switched social-media data. We divide the shared task into two competitions based on the English-Spanish (ENG-SPA) and Modern Standard Arabic-Egyptian (MSA-EGY) language pairs. We use Twitter data and 9 entity types to establish a new dataset for code-switched NER benchmarks. In addition to the CS phenomenon, the diversity of the entities and the social media challenges make the task considerably hard to process. As a result, the best scores of the competitions are 63.76% and 71.61% for ENG-SPA and MSA-EGY, respectively. We present the scores of 9 participants and discuss the most common challenges among submissions.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Jun 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 7; 2023: 1; 2024: 4; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
24 papers.
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- 2021Are Multilingual Models Effective in Code-Switching?cited by 56
- 2022The Decades Progress on Code-Switching Research in NLP: A Systematic Survey on Trends and Challengescited by 35
- 2021Can You Traducir This? Machine Translation for Code-Switched Inputcited by 21
- 2022CALCS 2021 Shared Task: Machine Translation for Code-Switched Datacited by 9
- 2021El Volumen Louder Por Favor: Code-switching in Task-oriented Semantic Parsingcited by 8
- 2024Sebastian, Basti, Wastl?! Recognizing Named Entities in Bavarian Dialectal Datacited by 8
- 2025CodeMixBench: Evaluating Code-Mixing Capabilities of LLMs Across 18 Languagescited by 8
- 2024Code-Mixed Probes Show How Pre-Trained Models Generalise On Code-Switched Textcited by 7
- 2021HIT: A Hierarchically Fused Deep Attention Network for Robust Code-mixed Language Representationcited by 5
- 2021Switch Point biased Self-Training: Re-purposing Pretrained Models for Code-Switchingcited by 5
- 2022Borrowing or Codeswitching? Annotating for Finer-Grained Distinctions in Language Mixingcited by 5
- 2022CST5: Data Augmentation for Code-Switched Semantic Parsingcited by 5
12 more
- 2021Overview of ADoBo 2021: Automatic Detection of Unassimilated Borrowings in the Spanish Presscited by 4
- 2022CMNEROne at SemEval-2022 Task 11: Code-Mixed Named Entity Recognition by leveraging multilingual datacited by 4
- 2024Code-mixed Sentiment and Hate-speech Predictioncited by 4
- 2025Low-resource Machine Translation for Code-switched Kazakh-Russian Language Paircited by 3
- 2021One Source, Two Targets: Challenges and Rewards of Dual Decodingcited by 2
- 2022A Comprehensive Understanding of Code-mixed Language Semantics using Hierarchical Transformercited by 2
- 2022Automatic Identification of Motivation for Code-Switching in Speech Transcriptscited by 1
- 2023The Effect of Alignment Objectives on Code-Switching Translationcited by 1
- 2024Computational Approaches to Arabic-English Code-Switchingcited by 1
- 2026PingPong: A Natural Benchmark for Multi-Turn Code-Switching Dialoguescited by 1
- 2025Comparative Study of Pre-Trained BERT and Large Language Models for Code-Mixed Named Entity Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026TurEngMix: A Text Corpus and Benchmark for Turkish-English Code-Mixed Language Identification and Named Entity Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026TurEngMix: A Text Corpus and Benchmark for Turkish-English Code-Mixed Language Identification and Named Entity Recognition7 Sep 2026
- 2026PingPong: A Natural Benchmark for Multi-Turn Code-Switching Dialogues24 Jan 2026
- 2025Comparative Study of Pre-Trained BERT and Large Language Models for Code-Mixed Named Entity Recognition2 Sep 2025
- 2025CodeMixBench: Evaluating Code-Mixing Capabilities of LLMs Across 18 Languages24 Jul 2025
- 2025Low-resource Machine Translation for Code-switched Kazakh-Russian Language Pair25 Mar 2025
- 2024Computational Approaches to Arabic-English Code-Switching17 Oct 2024
- 2024Code-mixed Sentiment and Hate-speech Prediction21 May 2024
- 2024Sebastian, Basti, Wastl?! Recognizing Named Entities in Bavarian Dialectal Data19 Mar 2024
- 2024Code-Mixed Probes Show How Pre-Trained Models Generalise On Code-Switched Text7 Mar 2024
- 2023The Effect of Alignment Objectives on Code-Switching Translation10 Sep 2023
- 2022The Decades Progress on Code-Switching Research in NLP: A Systematic Survey on Trends and Challenges19 Dec 2022
- 2022Automatic Identification of Motivation for Code-Switching in Speech Transcripts30 Nov 2022
12 more
- 2022CST5: Data Augmentation for Code-Switched Semantic Parsing14 Nov 2022
- 2022CMNEROne at SemEval-2022 Task 11: Code-Mixed Named Entity Recognition by leveraging multilingual data15 Jun 2022
- 2022Borrowing or Codeswitching? Annotating for Finer-Grained Distinctions in Language Mixing10 Jun 2022
- 2022A Comprehensive Understanding of Code-mixed Language Semantics using Hierarchical Transformer27 Apr 2022
- 2022CALCS 2021 Shared Task: Machine Translation for Code-Switched Data19 Feb 2022
- 2021Switch Point biased Self-Training: Re-purposing Pretrained Models for Code-Switching1 Nov 2021
- 2021Overview of ADoBo 2021: Automatic Detection of Unassimilated Borrowings in the Spanish Press29 Oct 2021
- 2021One Source, Two Targets: Challenges and Rewards of Dual Decoding21 Sep 2021
- 2021HIT: A Hierarchically Fused Deep Attention Network for Robust Code-mixed Language Representation30 May 2021
- 2021Can You Traducir This? Machine Translation for Code-Switched Input11 May 2021
- 2021Are Multilingual Models Effective in Code-Switching?24 Mar 2021
- 2021El Volumen Louder Por Favor: Code-switching in Task-oriented Semantic Parsing26 Jan 2021
- 2021Are Multilingual Models Effective in Code-Switching?cited by 56
- 2022The Decades Progress on Code-Switching Research in NLP: A Systematic Survey on Trends and Challengescited by 35
- 2021Can You Traducir This? Machine Translation for Code-Switched Inputcited by 21
- 2022CALCS 2021 Shared Task: Machine Translation for Code-Switched Datacited by 9
- 2021El Volumen Louder Por Favor: Code-switching in Task-oriented Semantic Parsingcited by 8
- 2024Sebastian, Basti, Wastl?! Recognizing Named Entities in Bavarian Dialectal Datacited by 8
- 2025CodeMixBench: Evaluating Code-Mixing Capabilities of LLMs Across 18 Languagescited by 8
- 2024Code-Mixed Probes Show How Pre-Trained Models Generalise On Code-Switched Textcited by 7
- 2021HIT: A Hierarchically Fused Deep Attention Network for Robust Code-mixed Language Representationcited by 5
- 2021Switch Point biased Self-Training: Re-purposing Pretrained Models for Code-Switchingcited by 5
- 2022Borrowing or Codeswitching? Annotating for Finer-Grained Distinctions in Language Mixingcited by 5
- 2022CST5: Data Augmentation for Code-Switched Semantic Parsingcited by 5
12 most cited of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2026TurEngMix: A Text Corpus and Benchmark for Turkish-English Code-Mixed Language Identification and Named Entity Recognition7 Sep 2026
- 2026PingPong: A Natural Benchmark for Multi-Turn Code-Switching Dialogues24 Jan 2026
- 2025Comparative Study of Pre-Trained BERT and Large Language Models for Code-Mixed Named Entity Recognition2 Sep 2025
- 2025CodeMixBench: Evaluating Code-Mixing Capabilities of LLMs Across 18 Languages24 Jul 2025
- 2025Low-resource Machine Translation for Code-switched Kazakh-Russian Language Pair25 Mar 2025
- 2024Computational Approaches to Arabic-English Code-Switching17 Oct 2024
- 2024Code-mixed Sentiment and Hate-speech Prediction21 May 2024
- 2024Sebastian, Basti, Wastl?! Recognizing Named Entities in Bavarian Dialectal Data19 Mar 2024
- 2024Code-Mixed Probes Show How Pre-Trained Models Generalise On Code-Switched Text7 Mar 2024
- 2023The Effect of Alignment Objectives on Code-Switching Translation10 Sep 2023
- 2022The Decades Progress on Code-Switching Research in NLP: A Systematic Survey on Trends and Challenges19 Dec 2022
- 2022Automatic Identification of Motivation for Code-Switching in Speech Transcripts30 Nov 2022
12 newest of 24 All 24 (JSON)