MagicGUI-RMS: A Multi-Agent Reward Model System for Self-Evolving GUI Agents via Automated Feedback Reflux
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → GUI and mobile agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Graphical user interface (GUI) agents are rapidly progressing toward autonomous interaction and reliable task execution across diverse applications. However, two central challenges remain unresolved: automating the evaluation of agent trajectories and generating high-quality training data at scale to enable continual improvement. Existing approaches often depend on manual annotation or static rule-based verification, which restricts scalability and limits adaptability in dynamic environments. We present MagicGUI-RMS, a multi-agent reward model system that delivers adaptive trajectory evaluation, corrective feedback, and self-evolving learning capabilities. MagicGUI-RMS integrates a Domain-Specific Reward Model (DS-RM) with a General-Purpose Reward Model (GP-RM), enabling fine-grained action assessment and robust generalization across heterogeneous GUI tasks. To support reward learning at scale, we design a structured data construction pipeline that automatically produces balanced and diverse reward datasets, effectively reducing annotation costs while maintaining sample fidelity. During execution, the reward model system identifies erroneous actions, proposes refined alternatives, and continuously enhances agent behavior through an automated data-reflux mechanism. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MagicGUI-RMS yields substantial gains in task accuracy, behavioral robustness. These results establish MagicGUI-RMS as a principled and effective foundation for building self-improving GUI agents driven by reward-based adaptation.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in GUI and mobile agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 39 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jan 2026.
Builds on
39 of 44 references.
Closest ancestors · 22
Same direction, newest first
- 2025MagicGUI: A Foundational Mobile GUI Agent with Scalable Data Pipeline and Reinforcement Fine-tuning19 Jul
- 2025AgentCPM-GUI: Building Mobile-Use Agents with Reinforcement Fine-Tuning2 Jun
- 2025UI-Genie: A Self-Improving Approach for Iteratively Boosting MLLM-based Mobile GUI Agents27 May
- 2025A Survey on GUI Agents with Foundation Models Enhanced by Reinforcement Learning29 Apr
- 2025InfiGUI-R1: Advancing Multimodal GUI Agents from Reactive Actors to Deliberative Reasoners19 Apr
- 2025GUI-R1 : A Generalist R1-Style Vision-Language Action Model For GUI Agents14 Apr
- 2025ScreenSpot-Pro: GUI Grounding for Professional High-Resolution Computer Use4 Apr
- 2025UI-R1: Enhancing Efficient Action Prediction of GUI Agents by Reinforcement Learning27 Mar
- 2025ReachAgent: Enhancing Mobile Agent via Page Reaching and Operation5 Feb
- 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents21 Jan
- 2024OS-Genesis: Automating GUI Agent Trajectory Construction via Reverse Task Synthesis27 Dec
- 2024GUI Agents: A Survey18 Dec
10 more
- 2024GUI Agents with Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Survey7 Nov
- 2024OS-ATLAS: A Foundation Action Model for Generalist GUI Agents30 Oct
- 2024DistRL: An Asynchronous Distributed Reinforcement Learning Framework for On-Device Control Agents18 Oct
- 2024GUICourse: From General Vision Language Models to Versatile GUI Agents17 Jun
- 2024DigiRL: Training In-The-Wild Device-Control Agents with Autonomous Reinforcement Learning14 Jun
- 2024On the Effects of Data Scale on UI Control Agents6 Jun
- 2024Mobile-Agent: Autonomous Multi-Modal Mobile Device Agent with Visual Perception29 Jan
- 2024SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agents17 Jan
- 2023AppAgent: Multimodal Agents as Smartphone Users21 Dec
- 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agents14 Dec
Other references · 17
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,151
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,534
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
- 2024ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Toolscited by 1,096
- 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 704
- 2025VLM-R1: A Stable and Generalizable R1-style Large Vision-Language Modelcited by 515
- 2025Visual-RFT: Visual Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 501
- 2024AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agentscited by 450
- 2024Aguvis: Unified Pure Vision Agents for Autonomous GUI Interactioncited by 271
5 more
- 2024WebRL: Training LLM Web Agents via Self-Evolving Online Curriculum Reinforcement Learningcited by 243
- 2024GUIOdyssey: A Comprehensive Dataset for Cross-App GUI Navigation on Mobile Devicescited by 190
- 2024Aria-UI: Visual Grounding for GUI Instructionscited by 136
- 2022ScreenQA: Large-Scale Question-Answer Pairs over Mobile App Screenshotscited by 65
- 2025UGround: Towards Unified Visual Grounding with Unrolled Transformerscited by 14
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.
4 papers.
- 2026Agentic Reward Modeling: Verifying GUI Agent via Progressive Trajectory-Grounded Interactioncited by 3
- 2026Teach it to stop, not just to clickcited by 1
- 2026Securing Computer-Use Agents: A Unified Architecture-Lifecycle Framework for Deployment-Grounded Reliabilitycited by 0
- 2026One Rollout Is All You Get: Fully Test-Time Adaptation for GUI Agentscited by 0
- 2026One Rollout Is All You Get: Fully Test-Time Adaptation for GUI Agents28 Sep 2026
- 2026Teach it to stop, not just to click19 Jul 2026
- 2026Securing Computer-Use Agents: A Unified Architecture-Lifecycle Framework for Deployment-Grounded Reliability8 May 2026
- 2026Agentic Reward Modeling: Verifying GUI Agent via Progressive Trajectory-Grounded Interaction31 Jan 2026
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