mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

MagicGUI-RMS: A Multi-Agent Reward Model System for Self-Evolving GUI Agents via Automated Feedback Reflux

arXiv 2601.13060 ↗First posted 19 Jan 2026cs.AIcited by 4

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → GUI and mobile agents

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents are rapidly progressing toward autonomous interaction and reliable task execution across diverse applications. However, two central challenges remain unresolved: automating the evaluation of agent trajectories and generating high-quality training data at scale to enable continual improvement. Existing approaches often depend on manual annotation or static rule-based verification, which restricts scalability and limits adaptability in dynamic environments. We present MagicGUI-RMS, a multi-agent reward model system that delivers adaptive trajectory evaluation, corrective feedback, and self-evolving learning capabilities. MagicGUI-RMS integrates a Domain-Specific Reward Model (DS-RM) with a General-Purpose Reward Model (GP-RM), enabling fine-grained action assessment and robust generalization across heterogeneous GUI tasks. To support reward learning at scale, we design a structured data construction pipeline that automatically produces balanced and diverse reward datasets, effectively reducing annotation costs while maintaining sample fidelity. During execution, the reward model system identifies erroneous actions, proposes refined alternatives, and continuously enhances agent behavior through an automated data-reflux mechanism. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MagicGUI-RMS yields substantial gains in task accuracy, behavioral robustness. These results establish MagicGUI-RMS as a principled and effective foundation for building self-improving GUI agents driven by reward-based adaptation.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in GUI and mobile agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 39 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jan 2026.

Builds on

39 of 44 references.

Closest ancestors · 22

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025MagicGUI: A Foundational Mobile GUI Agent with Scalable Data Pipeline and Reinforcement Fine-tuning19 Jul
  2. 2025AgentCPM-GUI: Building Mobile-Use Agents with Reinforcement Fine-Tuning2 Jun
  3. 2025UI-Genie: A Self-Improving Approach for Iteratively Boosting MLLM-based Mobile GUI Agents27 May
  4. 2025A Survey on GUI Agents with Foundation Models Enhanced by Reinforcement Learning29 Apr
  5. 2025InfiGUI-R1: Advancing Multimodal GUI Agents from Reactive Actors to Deliberative Reasoners19 Apr
  6. 2025GUI-R1 : A Generalist R1-Style Vision-Language Action Model For GUI Agents14 Apr
  7. 2025ScreenSpot-Pro: GUI Grounding for Professional High-Resolution Computer Use4 Apr
  8. 2025UI-R1: Enhancing Efficient Action Prediction of GUI Agents by Reinforcement Learning27 Mar
  9. 2025ReachAgent: Enhancing Mobile Agent via Page Reaching and Operation5 Feb
  10. 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents21 Jan
  11. 2024OS-Genesis: Automating GUI Agent Trajectory Construction via Reverse Task Synthesis27 Dec
  12. 2024GUI Agents: A Survey18 Dec
10 more
  1. 2024GUI Agents with Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Survey7 Nov
  2. 2024OS-ATLAS: A Foundation Action Model for Generalist GUI Agents30 Oct
  3. 2024DistRL: An Asynchronous Distributed Reinforcement Learning Framework for On-Device Control Agents18 Oct
  4. 2024GUICourse: From General Vision Language Models to Versatile GUI Agents17 Jun
  5. 2024DigiRL: Training In-The-Wild Device-Control Agents with Autonomous Reinforcement Learning14 Jun
  6. 2024On the Effects of Data Scale on UI Control Agents6 Jun
  7. 2024Mobile-Agent: Autonomous Multi-Modal Mobile Device Agent with Visual Perception29 Jan
  8. 2024SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agents17 Jan
  9. 2023AppAgent: Multimodal Agents as Smartphone Users21 Dec
  10. 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agents14 Dec

Other references · 17

  1. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  2. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
  3. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
  4. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,151
  5. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,534
  6. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
  7. 2024ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Toolscited by 1,096
  8. 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 704
  9. 2025VLM-R1: A Stable and Generalizable R1-style Large Vision-Language Modelcited by 515
  10. 2025Visual-RFT: Visual Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 501
  11. 2024AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agentscited by 450
  12. 2024Aguvis: Unified Pure Vision Agents for Autonomous GUI Interactioncited by 271
5 more
  1. 2024WebRL: Training LLM Web Agents via Self-Evolving Online Curriculum Reinforcement Learningcited by 243
  2. 2024GUIOdyssey: A Comprehensive Dataset for Cross-App GUI Navigation on Mobile Devicescited by 190
  3. 2024Aria-UI: Visual Grounding for GUI Instructionscited by 136
  4. 2022ScreenQA: Large-Scale Question-Answer Pairs over Mobile App Screenshotscited by 65
  5. 2025UGround: Towards Unified Visual Grounding with Unrolled Transformerscited by 14

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025CRAFT-GUI: Curriculum-Reinforced Agent For GUI Tasks
  2. 2026GUI Agents with Reinforcement Learning: Toward Digital Inhabitants
  3. 2026Task-Adaptive Rubrics for GUI Reward Modeling
  4. 2026OS-Themis: A Scalable Critic Framework for Generalist GUI Rewards
  5. 2025Orcust: Stepwise-Feedback Reinforcement Learning for GUI Agent
  6. 2025GUI-Shepherd: Reliable Process Reward and Verification for Long-Sequence GUI Tasks
  7. 2025Learning, Reasoning, Refinement: A Framework for Kahneman's Dual-System Intelligence in GUI Agents
  8. 2026GSAR: Goal-State-Anchor Rewards for Mobile GUI Agents with Self-Evolving Data Synthesis