MagicGUI: A Foundational Mobile GUI Agent with Scalable Data Pipeline and Reinforcement Fine-tuning
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → GUI and mobile agents
Abstract (arXiv)
This paper presents MagicGUI, a foundational mobile GUI agent designed to address critical challenges in perception, grounding, and reasoning within real-world mobile GUI environments. The framework is underpinned by following six key components: (1) a comprehensive and accurate dataset, constructed via the scalable GUI Data Pipeline, which aggregates the largest and most diverse GUI-centric multimodal data to date from open-source repositories, automated crawling, and targeted manual annotation; (2) enhanced perception and grounding capabilities, facilitating fine-grained multimodal alignment for UI element referencing, grounding, and screen comprehension; (3) a comprehensive and unified action space, encompassing both fundamental UI operations and complex interactive intents to support human-agent interactions; (4) planning-oriented reasoning mechanisms that enable the model to decompose complex user instructions into sequential actions with explicit intermediate meta-paln reasoning; (5) an iterative two-stage training procedure, combining large-scale continue pre-training on 7.8M samples with reinforcement fine-tuning utilizing a spatially enhanced composite reward and dual filtering strategy; and (6) competitive performance on both the proprietary Magic-RICH benchmark and over a dozen public benchmarks, achieving superior performance across GUI perception and agent tasks, while demonstrating robust generalization and real-world deployment potential in practical mobile GUI scenarios, as detailed in Figure 1.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in GUI and mobile agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 61 of its 68 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jul 2025.
Builds on
61 of 68 references.
Closest ancestors · 21
Same direction, newest first
- 2025AgentCPM-GUI: Building Mobile-Use Agents with Reinforcement Fine-Tuning2 Jun
- 2025GUI-G1: Understanding R1-Zero-Like Training for Visual Grounding in GUI Agents21 May
- 2025InfiGUI-R1: Advancing Multimodal GUI Agents from Reactive Actors to Deliberative Reasoners19 Apr
- 2025GUI-R1 : A Generalist R1-Style Vision-Language Action Model For GUI Agents14 Apr
- 2025ScreenSpot-Pro: GUI Grounding for Professional High-Resolution Computer Use4 Apr
- 2025ReachAgent: Enhancing Mobile Agent via Page Reaching and Operation5 Feb
- 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents21 Jan
- 2024GUI Agents: A Survey18 Dec
- 2024OS-ATLAS: A Foundation Action Model for Generalist GUI Agents30 Oct
- 2024DistRL: An Asynchronous Distributed Reinforcement Learning Framework for On-Device Control Agents18 Oct
- 2024Navigating the Digital World as Humans Do: Universal Visual Grounding for GUI Agents7 Oct
- 2024AMEX: Android Multi-annotation Expo Dataset for Mobile GUI Agents3 Jul
9 more
- 2024GUICourse: From General Vision Language Models to Versatile GUI Agents17 Jun
- 2024DigiRL: Training In-The-Wild Device-Control Agents with Autonomous Reinforcement Learning14 Jun
- 2024On the Effects of Data Scale on UI Control Agents6 Jun
- 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environments11 Apr
- 2024OS-Copilot: Towards Generalist Computer Agents with Self-Improvement12 Feb
- 2024Mobile-Agent: Autonomous Multi-Modal Mobile Device Agent with Visual Perception29 Jan
- 2024SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agents17 Jan
- 2023AppAgent: Multimodal Agents as Smartphone Users21 Dec
- 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agents14 Dec
Other references · 40
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- 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,242
- 2024How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suitescited by 1,050
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- 2025VLM-R1: A Stable and Generalizable R1-style Large Vision-Language Modelcited by 526
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- 2024Agentless: Demystifying LLM-based Software Engineering Agentscited by 421
- 2024DataComp-LM: In search of the next generation of training sets for language modelscited by 398
- 2023Set-of-Mark Prompting Unleashes Extraordinary Visual Grounding in GPT-4Vcited by 299
- 2024Aguvis: Unified Pure Vision Agents for Autonomous GUI Interactioncited by 278
- 2025Logic-RL: Unleashing LLM Reasoning with Rule-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 262
- 2024ShowUI: One Vision-Language-Action Model for GUI Visual Agentcited by 232
- 2023How Abilities in Large Language Models are Affected by Supervised Fine-tuning Data Compositioncited by 223
- 2024OmniParser for Pure Vision Based GUI Agentcited by 198
- 2024GUIOdyssey: A Comprehensive Dataset for Cross-App GUI Navigation on Mobile Devicescited by 194
- 2024Data Mixing Laws: Optimizing Data Mixtures by Predicting Language Modeling Performancecited by 184
- 2024RegMix: Data Mixture as Regression for Language Model Pre-trainingcited by 177
- 2024Ferret-UI: Grounded Mobile UI Understanding with Multimodal LLMscited by 176
- 2024UFO: A UI-Focused Agent for Windows OS Interactioncited by 148
- 2024Aria-UI: Visual Grounding for GUI Instructionscited by 140
- 2020Widget Captioning: Generating Natural Language Description for Mobile User Interface Elementscited by 95
- 2024MM1.5: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Multimodal LLM Fine-tuningcited by 76
- 2024Infinity-MM: Scaling Multimodal Performance with Large-Scale and High-Quality Instruction Datacited by 67
- 2022ScreenQA: Large-Scale Question-Answer Pairs over Mobile App Screenshotscited by 66
- 2024MobileVLM: A Vision-Language Model for Better Intra- and Inter-UI Understandingcited by 48
- 2024OSCAR: Operating System Control via State-Aware Reasoning and Re-Planningcited by 38
- 2025From Mind to Machine: The Rise of Manus AI as a Fully Autonomous Digital Agentcited by 33
- 2025Measuring Data Diversity for Instruction Tuning: A Systematic Analysis and A Reliable Metriccited by 24
- 2025OThink-MR1: Stimulating multimodal generalized reasoning capabilities via dynamic reinforcement learningcited by 24
- 2025GUI-Reflection: Empowering Multimodal GUI Models with Self-Reflection Behaviorcited by 23
- 2024From the Least to the Most: Building a Plug-and-Play Visual Reasoner via Data Synthesiscited by 17
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 7; 2026: 12.
19 papers.
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- 2025Adaptation of Agentic AI: A Survey of Post-Training, Memory, and Skillscited by 22
- 2025Mano Technical Reportcited by 13
- 2026Adaptive Milestone Reward for GUI Agentscited by 12
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- 2025Surfer 2: The Next Generation of Cross-Platform Computer Use Agentscited by 5
- 2026MagicGUI-RMS: A Multi-Agent Reward Model System for Self-Evolving GUI Agents via Automated Feedback Refluxcited by 5
- 2026UI-Oceanus: Scaling GUI Agents with Synthetic Environmental Dynamicscited by 5
- 2025See, Think, Act: Teaching Multimodal Agents to Effectively Interact with GUI by Identifying Togglescited by 4
- 2025Say One Thing, Do Another? Diagnosing Reasoning-Execution Gaps in VLM-Powered Mobile-Use Agentscited by 4
- 2026Learning with Challenges: Adaptive Difficulty-Aware Data Generation for Mobile GUI Agent Trainingcited by 4
- 2026SecAgent: Efficient Mobile GUI Agent with Semantic Contextcited by 4
- 2026Anticipatory Planning for Multimodal AI Agentscited by 4
7 more
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- 2026GUI Agents with Reinforcement Learning: Toward Digital Inhabitantscited by 3
- 2026SeerGuard: A Safety Framework for Mobile GUI Agents via World Model Predictioncited by 3
- 2026MagicAgent: Towards Generalized Agent Planningcited by 2
- 2026AppDeltaWorld: Transition-Grounded Delta Code World Model for Mobile GUI Agentscited by 2
- 2026Scaling, Benchmarking, and Reasoning of Vision-Language Agents for Mobile GUI Navigationcited by 1
- 2026Software Engineering for and with GUI Agentcited by 1
- 2026Software Engineering for and with GUI Agent10 Aug 2026
- 2026AppDeltaWorld: Transition-Grounded Delta Code World Model for Mobile GUI Agents6 Aug 2026
- 2026SeerGuard: A Safety Framework for Mobile GUI Agents via World Model Prediction17 Jul 2026
- 2026Scaling, Benchmarking, and Reasoning of Vision-Language Agents for Mobile GUI Navigation26 May 2026
- 2026GUI Agents with Reinforcement Learning: Toward Digital Inhabitants30 Apr 2026
- 2026Anticipatory Planning for Multimodal AI Agents17 Mar 2026
- 2026SecAgent: Efficient Mobile GUI Agent with Semantic Context9 Mar 2026
- 2026MagicAgent: Towards Generalized Agent Planning22 Feb 2026
- 2026Adaptive Milestone Reward for GUI Agents12 Feb 2026
- 2026UI-Oceanus: Scaling GUI Agents with Synthetic Environmental Dynamics11 Feb 2026
- 2026Learning with Challenges: Adaptive Difficulty-Aware Data Generation for Mobile GUI Agent Training30 Jan 2026
- 2026MagicGUI-RMS: A Multi-Agent Reward Model System for Self-Evolving GUI Agents via Automated Feedback Reflux19 Jan 2026
7 more
- 2025Adaptation of Agentic AI: A Survey of Post-Training, Memory, and Skills18 Dec 2025
- 2025Surfer 2: The Next Generation of Cross-Platform Computer Use Agents22 Oct 2025
- 2025Beyond Pipelines: A Survey of the Paradigm Shift toward Model-Native Agentic AI19 Oct 2025
- 2025Say One Thing, Do Another? Diagnosing Reasoning-Execution Gaps in VLM-Powered Mobile-Use Agents2 Oct 2025
- 2025Agent-ScanKit: Unraveling Memory and Reasoning of Multimodal Agents via Sensitivity Perturbations1 Oct 2025
- 2025Mano Technical Report22 Sep 2025
- 2025See, Think, Act: Teaching Multimodal Agents to Effectively Interact with GUI by Identifying Toggles17 Sep 2025
- 2025Adaptation of Agentic AI: A Survey of Post-Training, Memory, and Skillscited by 22
- 2026Adaptive Milestone Reward for GUI Agentscited by 12
- 2025Beyond Pipelines: A Survey of the Paradigm Shift toward Model-Native Agentic AIcited by 8
- 2025Surfer 2: The Next Generation of Cross-Platform Computer Use Agentscited by 5
- 2026MagicGUI-RMS: A Multi-Agent Reward Model System for Self-Evolving GUI Agents via Automated Feedback Refluxcited by 5
- 2026UI-Oceanus: Scaling GUI Agents with Synthetic Environmental Dynamicscited by 5
- 2026Learning with Challenges: Adaptive Difficulty-Aware Data Generation for Mobile GUI Agent Trainingcited by 4
- 2026SecAgent: Efficient Mobile GUI Agent with Semantic Contextcited by 4
- 2026GUI Agents with Reinforcement Learning: Toward Digital Inhabitantscited by 3
- 2026MagicAgent: Towards Generalized Agent Planningcited by 2
- 2026Software Engineering for and with GUI Agentcited by 1
- 2026Software Engineering for and with GUI Agent10 Aug 2026
- 2026GUI Agents with Reinforcement Learning: Toward Digital Inhabitants30 Apr 2026
- 2026SecAgent: Efficient Mobile GUI Agent with Semantic Context9 Mar 2026
- 2026MagicAgent: Towards Generalized Agent Planning22 Feb 2026
- 2026Adaptive Milestone Reward for GUI Agents12 Feb 2026
- 2026UI-Oceanus: Scaling GUI Agents with Synthetic Environmental Dynamics11 Feb 2026
- 2026Learning with Challenges: Adaptive Difficulty-Aware Data Generation for Mobile GUI Agent Training30 Jan 2026
- 2026MagicGUI-RMS: A Multi-Agent Reward Model System for Self-Evolving GUI Agents via Automated Feedback Reflux19 Jan 2026
- 2025Adaptation of Agentic AI: A Survey of Post-Training, Memory, and Skills18 Dec 2025
- 2025Surfer 2: The Next Generation of Cross-Platform Computer Use Agents22 Oct 2025
- 2025Beyond Pipelines: A Survey of the Paradigm Shift toward Model-Native Agentic AI19 Oct 2025
- 2025Mano Technical Reportcited by 13
- 2026Anticipatory Planning for Multimodal AI Agentscited by 4
- 2026Anticipatory Planning for Multimodal AI Agents17 Mar 2026
- 2025Mano Technical Report22 Sep 2025
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