mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

SeqNet: Learning Descriptors for Sequence-based Hierarchical Place Recognition

arXiv 2102.11603 ↗First posted 23 Feb 2021cs.CV cs.AI cs.IRcited by 57

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Abstract (arXiv)

Visual Place Recognition (VPR) is the task of matching current visual imagery from a camera to images stored in a reference map of the environment. While initial VPR systems used simple direct image methods or hand-crafted visual features, recent work has focused on learning more powerful visual features and further improving performance through either some form of sequential matcher / filter or a hierarchical matching process. In both cases the performance of the initial single-image based system is still far from perfect, putting significant pressure on the sequence matching or (in the case of hierarchical systems) pose refinement stages. In this paper we present a novel hybrid system that creates a high performance initial match hypothesis generator using short learnt sequential descriptors, which enable selective control sequential score aggregation using single image learnt descriptors. Sequential descriptors are generated using a temporal convolutional network dubbed SeqNet, encoding short image sequences using 1-D convolutions, which are then matched against the corresponding temporal descriptors from the reference dataset to provide an ordered list of place match hypotheses. We then perform selective sequential score aggregation using shortlisted single image learnt descriptors from a separate pipeline to produce an overall place match hypothesis. Comprehensive experiments on challenging benchmark datasets demonstrate the proposed method outperforming recent state-of-the-art methods using the same amount of sequential information. Source code and supplementary material can be found at https://github.com/oravus/seqNet.

Key facts. Cited by 57 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Feb 2021.

Builds on

29 of 61 references.

References · 29

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2014Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modelingcited by 2,367
  3. 2018An Empirical Evaluation of Generic Convolutional and Recurrent Networks for Sequence Modelingcited by 1,476
  4. 2019SuperGlue: Learning Feature Matching with Graph Neural Networkscited by 1,443
  5. 2015NetVLAD: CNN architecture for weakly supervised place recognitioncited by 941
  6. 2016ORB-SLAM2: an Open-Source SLAM System for Monocular, Stereo and RGB-D Camerascited by 806
  7. 2018From Coarse to Fine: Robust Hierarchical Localization at Large Scalecited by 559
  8. 2016Shape Completion using 3D-Encoder-Predictor CNNs and Shape Synthesiscited by 219
  9. 2018PointNetVLAD: Deep Point Cloud Based Retrieval for Large-Scale Place Recognitioncited by 198
  10. 2019Learning with Average Precision: Training Image Retrieval with a Listwise Losscited by 185
  11. 2015Particular object retrieval with integral max-pooling of CNN activationscited by 161
  12. 2017Deep Learning Features at Scale for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 96
17 more
  1. 2017ActionVLAD: Learning spatio-temporal aggregation for action classificationcited by 73
  2. 2015On the Performance of ConvNet Features for Place Recognitioncited by 72
  3. 2018Night-to-Day Image Translation for Retrieval-based Localizationcited by 57
  4. 2021Semantics for Robotic Mapping, Perception and Interaction: A Surveycited by 56
  5. 2020DH3D: Deep Hierarchical 3D Descriptors for Robust Large-Scale 6DoF Relocalizationcited by 42
  6. 2018LoST? Appearance-Invariant Place Recognition for Opposite Viewpoints using Visual Semanticscited by 34
  7. 2018Leveraging Deep Visual Descriptors for Hierarchical Efficient Localizationcited by 29
  8. 2018Adversarial Training for Adverse Conditions: Robust Metric Localisation using Appearance Transfercited by 25
  9. 2020Augmenting Visual Place Recognition with Structural Cuescited by 23
  10. 2020Delta Descriptors: Change-Based Place Representation for Robust Visual Localizationcited by 21
  11. 2019Condition-Invariant Multi-View Place Recognitioncited by 18
  12. 2018Memorable Maps: A Framework for Re-defining Places in Visual Place Recognitioncited by 16
  13. 20183D PersonVLAD: Learning Deep Global Representations for Video-based Person Re-identificationcited by 14
  14. 2018Global Pose Estimation with an Attention-based Recurrent Networkcited by 10
  15. 2019Look No Deeper: Recognizing Places from Opposing Viewpoints under Varying Scene Appearance using Single-View Depth Estimationcited by 10
  16. 2020Fast, Compact and Highly Scalable Visual Place Recognition through Sequence-based Matching of Overloaded Representationscited by 10
  17. 2019CityLearn: Diverse Real-World Environments for Sample-Efficient Navigation Policy Learningcited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 11; 2023: 10; 2024: 17; 2025: 7; 2026: 6.

57 papers.

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  1. 2021Patch-NetVLAD: Multi-Scale Fusion of Locally-Global Descriptors for Place Recognitioncited by 238
  2. 2023R2Former: Unified Retrieval and Reranking Transformer for Place Recognitioncited by 102
  3. 2022Deep Visual Geo-localization Benchmarkcited by 84
  4. 2021Where is your place, Visual Place Recognition?cited by 82
  5. 2024CricaVPR: Cross-image Correlation-aware Representation Learning for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 61
  6. 2024Towards Seamless Adaptation of Pre-trained Models for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 49
  7. 2023Visual Place Recognition: A Tutorialcited by 31
  8. 2022Learning Sequential Descriptors for Sequence-based Visual Place Recognitioncited by 25
  9. 2024RoboHop: Segment-based Topological Map Representation for Open-World Visual Navigationcited by 25
  10. 2024General Place Recognition Survey: Towards Real-World Autonomycited by 23
  11. 2022SeqOT: A Spatial-Temporal Transformer Network for Place Recognition Using Sequential LiDAR Datacited by 20
  12. 2024Multiagent Multitraversal Multimodal Self-Driving: Open MARS Datasetcited by 18
38 more
  1. 2021A Hierarchical Dual Model of Environment- and Place-Specific Utility for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 15
  2. 2024EffoVPR: Effective Foundation Model Utilization for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 15
  3. 2024Pair-VPR: Place-Aware Pre-training and Contrastive Pair Classification for Visual Place Recognition with Vision Transformerscited by 15
  4. 2022MultiRes-NetVLAD: Augmenting Place Recognition Training with Low-Resolution Imagerycited by 14
  5. 2025SelaVPR++: Towards Seamless Adaptation of Foundation Models for Efficient Place Recognitioncited by 14
  6. 2022STUN: Self-Teaching Uncertainty Estimation for Place Recognitioncited by 13
  7. 2022General Place Recognition Survey: Towards the Real-world Autonomy Agecited by 11
  8. 2023PlaceNav: Topological Navigation through Place Recognitioncited by 11
  9. 2023AANet: Aggregation and Alignment Network with Semi-hard Positive Sample Mining for Hierarchical Place Recognitioncited by 9
  10. 2023Applications of Spiking Neural Networks in Visual Place Recognitioncited by 9
  11. 2024JIST: Joint Image and Sequence Training for Sequential Visual Place Recognitioncited by 8
  12. 2025UniPR-3D: Towards Universal Visual Place Recognition with Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 8
  13. 2024Tell Me Where You Are: Multimodal LLMs Meet Place Recognitioncited by 7
  14. 2024GSPR: Multimodal Place Recognition Using 3D Gaussian Splatting for Autonomous Drivingcited by 7
  15. 2023Learning Sequence Descriptor based on Spatio-Temporal Attention for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 6
  16. 2021AirObject: A Temporally Evolving Graph Embedding for Object Identificationcited by 5
  17. 2022Tightly Coupled Learning Strategy for Weakly Supervised Hierarchical Place Recognitioncited by 5
  18. 2023Deep Declarative Dynamic Time Warping for End-to-End Learning of Alignment Pathscited by 5
  19. 2024Deep Homography Estimation for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 5
  20. 2025Improving Visual Place Recognition with Sequence-Matching Receptiveness Predictioncited by 5
  21. 2022Benchmarking Visual Localization for Autonomous Navigationcited by 4
  22. 2023Leveraging BEV Representation for 360-degree Visual Place Recognitioncited by 4
  23. 2023Unsupervised Quality Prediction for Improved Single-Frame and Weighted Sequential Visual Place Recognitioncited by 4
  24. 2022Patch-NetVLAD+: Learned patch descriptor and weighted matching strategy for place recognitioncited by 3
  25. 2024Dynamically Modulating Visual Place Recognition Sequence Length For Minimum Acceptable Performance Scenarioscited by 3
  26. 2024VLAD-BuFF: Burst-aware Fast Feature Aggregation for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 3
  27. 2025StructVPR++: Distill Structural and Semantic Knowledge with Weighting Samples for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 3
  28. 2021EchoVPR: Echo State Networks for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 2
  29. 2022Benchmarking Visual-Inertial Deep Multimodal Fusion for Relative Pose Regression and Odometry-aided Absolute Pose Regressioncited by 2
  30. 2024Collaborative Visual Place Recognition through Federated Learningcited by 2
  31. 2024Approximate Nearest Neighbour Search on Dynamic Datasets: An Investigationcited by 2
  32. 2022A Novel Image Descriptor with Aggregated Semantic Skeleton Representation for Long-term Visual Place Recognitioncited by 1
  33. 2023Scene Summarization: Clustering Scene Videos into Spatially Diverse Framescited by 1
  34. 2024Addressing the challenges of loop detection in agricultural environmentscited by 1
  35. 2025Flexible and Efficient Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Sequential Visual Place Recognitioncited by 1
  36. 2026VidTAG: Temporally Aligned Video to GPS Geolocalization with Denoising Sequence Prediction at a Global Scalecited by 1
  37. 2021SeqNetVLAD vs PointNetVLAD: Image Sequence vs 3D Point Clouds for Day-Night Place Recognitioncited by 0
  38. 2024VDNA-PR: Using General Dataset Representations for Robust Sequential Visual Place Recognitioncited by 0

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