SeqNet: Learning Descriptors for Sequence-based Hierarchical Place Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Visual Place Recognition (VPR) is the task of matching current visual imagery from a camera to images stored in a reference map of the environment. While initial VPR systems used simple direct image methods or hand-crafted visual features, recent work has focused on learning more powerful visual features and further improving performance through either some form of sequential matcher / filter or a hierarchical matching process. In both cases the performance of the initial single-image based system is still far from perfect, putting significant pressure on the sequence matching or (in the case of hierarchical systems) pose refinement stages. In this paper we present a novel hybrid system that creates a high performance initial match hypothesis generator using short learnt sequential descriptors, which enable selective control sequential score aggregation using single image learnt descriptors. Sequential descriptors are generated using a temporal convolutional network dubbed SeqNet, encoding short image sequences using 1-D convolutions, which are then matched against the corresponding temporal descriptors from the reference dataset to provide an ordered list of place match hypotheses. We then perform selective sequential score aggregation using shortlisted single image learnt descriptors from a separate pipeline to produce an overall place match hypothesis. Comprehensive experiments on challenging benchmark datasets demonstrate the proposed method outperforming recent state-of-the-art methods using the same amount of sequential information. Source code and supplementary material can be found at https://github.com/oravus/seqNet.
Key facts. Cited by 57 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Feb 2021.
Builds on
29 of 61 references.
References · 29
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- 2018An Empirical Evaluation of Generic Convolutional and Recurrent Networks for Sequence Modelingcited by 1,476
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- 2017Deep Learning Features at Scale for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 96
17 more
- 2017ActionVLAD: Learning spatio-temporal aggregation for action classificationcited by 73
- 2015On the Performance of ConvNet Features for Place Recognitioncited by 72
- 2018Night-to-Day Image Translation for Retrieval-based Localizationcited by 57
- 2021Semantics for Robotic Mapping, Perception and Interaction: A Surveycited by 56
- 2020DH3D: Deep Hierarchical 3D Descriptors for Robust Large-Scale 6DoF Relocalizationcited by 42
- 2018LoST? Appearance-Invariant Place Recognition for Opposite Viewpoints using Visual Semanticscited by 34
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- 2018Adversarial Training for Adverse Conditions: Robust Metric Localisation using Appearance Transfercited by 25
- 2020Augmenting Visual Place Recognition with Structural Cuescited by 23
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- 2019Condition-Invariant Multi-View Place Recognitioncited by 18
- 2018Memorable Maps: A Framework for Re-defining Places in Visual Place Recognitioncited by 16
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 11; 2023: 10; 2024: 17; 2025: 7; 2026: 6.
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- 2021Patch-NetVLAD: Multi-Scale Fusion of Locally-Global Descriptors for Place Recognitioncited by 238
- 2023R2Former: Unified Retrieval and Reranking Transformer for Place Recognitioncited by 102
- 2022Deep Visual Geo-localization Benchmarkcited by 84
- 2021Where is your place, Visual Place Recognition?cited by 82
- 2024CricaVPR: Cross-image Correlation-aware Representation Learning for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 61
- 2024Towards Seamless Adaptation of Pre-trained Models for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 49
- 2023Visual Place Recognition: A Tutorialcited by 31
- 2022Learning Sequential Descriptors for Sequence-based Visual Place Recognitioncited by 25
- 2024RoboHop: Segment-based Topological Map Representation for Open-World Visual Navigationcited by 25
- 2024General Place Recognition Survey: Towards Real-World Autonomycited by 23
- 2022SeqOT: A Spatial-Temporal Transformer Network for Place Recognition Using Sequential LiDAR Datacited by 20
- 2024Multiagent Multitraversal Multimodal Self-Driving: Open MARS Datasetcited by 18
38 more
- 2021A Hierarchical Dual Model of Environment- and Place-Specific Utility for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 15
- 2024EffoVPR: Effective Foundation Model Utilization for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 15
- 2024Pair-VPR: Place-Aware Pre-training and Contrastive Pair Classification for Visual Place Recognition with Vision Transformerscited by 15
- 2022MultiRes-NetVLAD: Augmenting Place Recognition Training with Low-Resolution Imagerycited by 14
- 2025SelaVPR++: Towards Seamless Adaptation of Foundation Models for Efficient Place Recognitioncited by 14
- 2022STUN: Self-Teaching Uncertainty Estimation for Place Recognitioncited by 13
- 2022General Place Recognition Survey: Towards the Real-world Autonomy Agecited by 11
- 2023PlaceNav: Topological Navigation through Place Recognitioncited by 11
- 2023AANet: Aggregation and Alignment Network with Semi-hard Positive Sample Mining for Hierarchical Place Recognitioncited by 9
- 2023Applications of Spiking Neural Networks in Visual Place Recognitioncited by 9
- 2024JIST: Joint Image and Sequence Training for Sequential Visual Place Recognitioncited by 8
- 2025UniPR-3D: Towards Universal Visual Place Recognition with Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 8
- 2024Tell Me Where You Are: Multimodal LLMs Meet Place Recognitioncited by 7
- 2024GSPR: Multimodal Place Recognition Using 3D Gaussian Splatting for Autonomous Drivingcited by 7
- 2023Learning Sequence Descriptor based on Spatio-Temporal Attention for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 6
- 2021AirObject: A Temporally Evolving Graph Embedding for Object Identificationcited by 5
- 2022Tightly Coupled Learning Strategy for Weakly Supervised Hierarchical Place Recognitioncited by 5
- 2023Deep Declarative Dynamic Time Warping for End-to-End Learning of Alignment Pathscited by 5
- 2024Deep Homography Estimation for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 5
- 2025Improving Visual Place Recognition with Sequence-Matching Receptiveness Predictioncited by 5
- 2022Benchmarking Visual Localization for Autonomous Navigationcited by 4
- 2023Leveraging BEV Representation for 360-degree Visual Place Recognitioncited by 4
- 2023Unsupervised Quality Prediction for Improved Single-Frame and Weighted Sequential Visual Place Recognitioncited by 4
- 2022Patch-NetVLAD+: Learned patch descriptor and weighted matching strategy for place recognitioncited by 3
- 2024Dynamically Modulating Visual Place Recognition Sequence Length For Minimum Acceptable Performance Scenarioscited by 3
- 2024VLAD-BuFF: Burst-aware Fast Feature Aggregation for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 3
- 2025StructVPR++: Distill Structural and Semantic Knowledge with Weighting Samples for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 3
- 2021EchoVPR: Echo State Networks for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 2
- 2022Benchmarking Visual-Inertial Deep Multimodal Fusion for Relative Pose Regression and Odometry-aided Absolute Pose Regressioncited by 2
- 2024Collaborative Visual Place Recognition through Federated Learningcited by 2
- 2024Approximate Nearest Neighbour Search on Dynamic Datasets: An Investigationcited by 2
- 2022A Novel Image Descriptor with Aggregated Semantic Skeleton Representation for Long-term Visual Place Recognitioncited by 1
- 2023Scene Summarization: Clustering Scene Videos into Spatially Diverse Framescited by 1
- 2024Addressing the challenges of loop detection in agricultural environmentscited by 1
- 2025Flexible and Efficient Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Sequential Visual Place Recognitioncited by 1
- 2026VidTAG: Temporally Aligned Video to GPS Geolocalization with Denoising Sequence Prediction at a Global Scalecited by 1
- 2021SeqNetVLAD vs PointNetVLAD: Image Sequence vs 3D Point Clouds for Day-Night Place Recognitioncited by 0
- 2024VDNA-PR: Using General Dataset Representations for Robust Sequential Visual Place Recognitioncited by 0
50 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2026Recovering from Pose-Selection Failures in Repeated Visual Localization12 Oct 2026
- 2026TRAIL: Trajectory-Aware Visual Place Recognition against Unordered Databases7 Sep 2026
- 2026Visual Place Recognition Using Rate-Encoded Spiking Neural Networks with Discrete STDP Learning15 Jul 2026
- 2026PixelLoop: Shortcut Topological Navigation with Pixel-Level Loops14 Jul 2026
- 2026VidTAG: Temporally Aligned Video to GPS Geolocalization with Denoising Sequence Prediction at a Global Scale14 Apr 2026
- 2026OpenNavMap: Multi-Session Appearance-Based Topometric Mapping for Scalable Visual Navigation18 Jan 2026
- 2025UniPR-3D: Towards Universal Visual Place Recognition with Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer24 Dec 2025
- 2025Text2Graph VPR: A Text-to-Graph Expert System for Explainable Place Recognition in Changing Environments21 Dec 2025
- 2025Flexible and Efficient Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Sequential Visual Place Recognition5 Oct 2025
- 2025OptiCorNet: Optimizing Sequence-Based Context Correlation for Visual Place Recognition19 Jul 2025
- 2025Improving Visual Place Recognition with Sequence-Matching Receptiveness Prediction10 Mar 2025
- 2025StructVPR++: Distill Structural and Semantic Knowledge with Weighting Samples for Visual Place Recognition9 Mar 2025
38 more
- 2025SelaVPR++: Towards Seamless Adaptation of Foundation Models for Efficient Place Recognition23 Feb 2025
- 2024Pair-VPR: Place-Aware Pre-training and Contrastive Pair Classification for Visual Place Recognition with Vision Transformers9 Oct 2024
- 2024GSPR: Multimodal Place Recognition Using 3D Gaussian Splatting for Autonomous Driving1 Oct 2024
- 2024VLAD-BuFF: Burst-aware Fast Feature Aggregation for Visual Place Recognition28 Sep 2024
- 2024Addressing the challenges of loop detection in agricultural environments28 Aug 2024
- 2024Dynamically Modulating Visual Place Recognition Sequence Length For Minimum Acceptable Performance Scenarios1 Jul 2024
- 2024Tell Me Where You Are: Multimodal LLMs Meet Place Recognition25 Jun 2024
- 2024Multiagent Multitraversal Multimodal Self-Driving: Open MARS Dataset13 Jun 2024
- 2024EffoVPR: Effective Foundation Model Utilization for Visual Place Recognition28 May 2024
- 2024RoboHop: Segment-based Topological Map Representation for Open-World Visual Navigation9 May 2024
- 2024General Place Recognition Survey: Towards Real-World Autonomy8 May 2024
- 2024Approximate Nearest Neighbour Search on Dynamic Datasets: An Investigation30 Apr 2024
- 2024Collaborative Visual Place Recognition through Federated Learning20 Apr 2024
- 2024JIST: Joint Image and Sequence Training for Sequential Visual Place Recognition28 Mar 2024
- 2024VDNA-PR: Using General Dataset Representations for Robust Sequential Visual Place Recognition14 Mar 2024
- 2024CricaVPR: Cross-image Correlation-aware Representation Learning for Visual Place Recognition29 Feb 2024
- 2024Deep Homography Estimation for Visual Place Recognition25 Feb 2024
- 2024Towards Seamless Adaptation of Pre-trained Models for Visual Place Recognition22 Feb 2024
- 2023Scene Summarization: Clustering Scene Videos into Spatially Diverse Frames28 Nov 2023
- 2023Applications of Spiking Neural Networks in Visual Place Recognition22 Nov 2023
- 2023AANet: Aggregation and Alignment Network with Semi-hard Positive Sample Mining for Hierarchical Place Recognition8 Oct 2023
- 2023PlaceNav: Topological Navigation through Place Recognition29 Sep 2023
- 2023Unsupervised Quality Prediction for Improved Single-Frame and Weighted Sequential Visual Place Recognition4 Jul 2023
- 2023Leveraging BEV Representation for 360-degree Visual Place Recognition23 May 2023
- 2023Learning Sequence Descriptor based on Spatio-Temporal Attention for Visual Place Recognition19 May 2023
- 2023R2Former: Unified Retrieval and Reranking Transformer for Place Recognition6 Apr 2023
- 2023Deep Declarative Dynamic Time Warping for End-to-End Learning of Alignment Paths19 Mar 2023
- 2023Visual Place Recognition: A Tutorial6 Mar 2023
- 2022SeqOT: A Spatial-Temporal Transformer Network for Place Recognition Using Sequential LiDAR Data16 Sep 2022
- 2022General Place Recognition Survey: Towards the Real-world Autonomy Age9 Sep 2022
- 2022Benchmarking Visual-Inertial Deep Multimodal Fusion for Relative Pose Regression and Odometry-aided Absolute Pose Regression1 Aug 2022
- 2022Learning Sequential Descriptors for Sequence-based Visual Place Recognition8 Jul 2022
- 2022Deep Visual Geo-localization Benchmark7 Apr 2022
- 2022Benchmarking Visual Localization for Autonomous Navigation24 Mar 2022
- 2022STUN: Self-Teaching Uncertainty Estimation for Place Recognition3 Mar 2022
- 2022MultiRes-NetVLAD: Augmenting Place Recognition Training with Low-Resolution Imagery18 Feb 2022
- 2022Tightly Coupled Learning Strategy for Weakly Supervised Hierarchical Place Recognition14 Feb 2022
- 2022Patch-NetVLAD+: Learned patch descriptor and weighted matching strategy for place recognition11 Feb 2022
50 newest of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2021Patch-NetVLAD: Multi-Scale Fusion of Locally-Global Descriptors for Place Recognitioncited by 238
- 2023R2Former: Unified Retrieval and Reranking Transformer for Place Recognitioncited by 102
- 2022Deep Visual Geo-localization Benchmarkcited by 84
- 2021Where is your place, Visual Place Recognition?cited by 82
- 2024CricaVPR: Cross-image Correlation-aware Representation Learning for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 61
- 2024Towards Seamless Adaptation of Pre-trained Models for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 49
- 2023Visual Place Recognition: A Tutorialcited by 31
- 2022Learning Sequential Descriptors for Sequence-based Visual Place Recognitioncited by 25
- 2024RoboHop: Segment-based Topological Map Representation for Open-World Visual Navigationcited by 25
- 2024General Place Recognition Survey: Towards Real-World Autonomycited by 23
- 2022SeqOT: A Spatial-Temporal Transformer Network for Place Recognition Using Sequential LiDAR Datacited by 20
- 2024Multiagent Multitraversal Multimodal Self-Driving: Open MARS Datasetcited by 18
12 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)
- 2026Recovering from Pose-Selection Failures in Repeated Visual Localization12 Oct 2026
- 2026TRAIL: Trajectory-Aware Visual Place Recognition against Unordered Databases7 Sep 2026
- 2026Visual Place Recognition Using Rate-Encoded Spiking Neural Networks with Discrete STDP Learning15 Jul 2026
- 2026PixelLoop: Shortcut Topological Navigation with Pixel-Level Loops14 Jul 2026
- 2026VidTAG: Temporally Aligned Video to GPS Geolocalization with Denoising Sequence Prediction at a Global Scale14 Apr 2026
- 2026OpenNavMap: Multi-Session Appearance-Based Topometric Mapping for Scalable Visual Navigation18 Jan 2026
- 2025UniPR-3D: Towards Universal Visual Place Recognition with Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer24 Dec 2025
- 2025Text2Graph VPR: A Text-to-Graph Expert System for Explainable Place Recognition in Changing Environments21 Dec 2025
- 2025Flexible and Efficient Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Sequential Visual Place Recognition5 Oct 2025
- 2025OptiCorNet: Optimizing Sequence-Based Context Correlation for Visual Place Recognition19 Jul 2025
- 2025Improving Visual Place Recognition with Sequence-Matching Receptiveness Prediction10 Mar 2025
- 2025StructVPR++: Distill Structural and Semantic Knowledge with Weighting Samples for Visual Place Recognition9 Mar 2025
12 newest of 56 All 56 (JSON)