IndustryNav: Exploring Spatial Reasoning of Embodied Agents in Dynamic Industrial Navigation
On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning
also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)
While Visual Large Language Models (VLLMs) show great promise as embodied agents, they continue to face substantial challenges in spatial reasoning. Existing embodied benchmarks largely focus on passive, static household environments and evaluate isolated capabilities, failing to capture holistic performance in interactive and dynamic complexity of specific domains. To fill this gap, we present IndustryNav, the first dynamic industrial navigation benchmark for active spatial reasoning. IndustryNav leverages 12 manually created, high-fidelity Unity warehouse scenarios featuring dynamic objects and human movement. We proposes a zero-shot PointGoal navigation pipeline that effectively combines egocentric vision with global odometry to assess holistic local-global planning. Furthermore, we introduce the "collision rate" and "warning rate" metrics to measure safety-oriented behaviors. A comprehensive study of fourteen state-of-the-art VLLMs (including models such as GPT-5.2, Claude-4.6, and Gemini-3) reveals that closed-source models maintain a consistent advantage; however, all agents exhibit notable deficiencies in robust path planning, collision avoidance and active exploration. This highlights a critical need for embodied research to move beyond passive perception and toward tasks that demand stable planning, active exploration, and safe behavior in vivid, dynamic environments.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 47 of its 66 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Nov 2025.
Builds on
47 of 66 references.
Closest ancestors · 11
Same direction, newest first
- 2025IndustryEQA: Pushing the Frontiers of Embodied Question Answering in Industrial Scenarios27 May
- 2025SpatialLLM: A Compound 3D-Informed Design towards Spatially-Intelligent Large Multimodal Models1 May
- 2025Open3D-VQA: A Benchmark for Comprehensive Spatial Reasoning with Multimodal Large Language Model in Open Space14 Mar
- 2024Thinking in Space: How Multimodal Large Language Models See, Remember, and Recall Spaces18 Dec
- 20243DSRBench: A Comprehensive 3D Spatial Reasoning Benchmark10 Dec
- 2024PARTNR: A Benchmark for Planning and Reasoning in Embodied Multi-agent Tasks31 Oct
- 2024Reasoning Paths with Reference Objects Elicit Quantitative Spatial Reasoning in Large Vision-Language Models15 Sep
- 2024SpatialRGPT: Grounded Spatial Reasoning in Vision Language Models3 Jun
- 2024NavCoT: Boosting LLM-Based Vision-and-Language Navigation via Learning Disentangled Reasoning12 Mar
- 2024SpatialVLM: Endowing Vision-Language Models with Spatial Reasoning Capabilities22 Jan
- 2023NavGPT: Explicit Reasoning in Vision-and-Language Navigation with Large Language Models26 May
Other references · 36
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
- 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,887
- 2016CLEVR: A Diagnostic Dataset for Compositional Language and Elementary Visual Reasoningcited by 1,457
- 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,439
- 2019Habitat: A Platform for Embodied AI Researchcited by 1,191
- 2017Vision-and-Language Navigation: Interpreting visually-grounded navigation instructions in real environmentscited by 1,027
- 2024Cambrian-1: A Fully Open, Vision-Centric Exploration of Multimodal LLMscited by 838
- 2019ALFRED: A Benchmark for Interpreting Grounded Instructions for Everyday Taskscited by 783
- 2024BLINK: Multimodal Large Language Models Can See but Not Perceivecited by 550
- 2021Habitat 2.0: Training Home Assistants to Rearrange their Habitatcited by 511
- 2018Gibson Env: Real-World Perception for Embodied Agentscited by 481
- 2024Depth Pro: Sharp Monocular Metric Depth in Less Than a Secondcited by 404
24 more
- 2022Visual Language Maps for Robot Navigationcited by 365
- 2021ScanQA: 3D Question Answering for Spatial Scene Understandingcited by 346
- 2017Embodied Question Answeringcited by 336
- 2019REVERIE: Remote Embodied Visual Referring Expression in Real Indoor Environmentscited by 333
- 20243D-VLA: A 3D Vision-Language-Action Generative World Modelcited by 328
- 2024Hierarchical Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Graphs for Language-Grounded Robot Navigationcited by 196
- 2020Neural Topological SLAM for Visual Navigationcited by 195
- 2024SpatialBot: Precise Spatial Understanding with Vision Language Modelscited by 152
- 2023Towards Learning a Generalist Model for Embodied Navigationcited by 138
- 2024RoboSpatial: Teaching Spatial Understanding to 2D and 3D Vision-Language Models for Roboticscited by 136
- 2023L3MVN: Leveraging Large Language Models for Visual Target Navigationcited by 120
- 2024SG-Nav: Online 3D Scene Graph Prompting for LLM-based Zero-shot Object Navigationcited by 109
- 2025NVIDIA Nemotron Nano 2: An Accurate and Efficient Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Reasoning Modelcited by 108
- 2025MM-Spatial: Exploring 3D Spatial Understanding in Multimodal LLMscited by 73
- 2024LoTa-Bench: Benchmarking Language-oriented Task Planners for Embodied Agentscited by 51
- 2025Visual Large Language Models for Generalized and Specialized Applicationscited by 36
- 2022Is Mapping Necessary for Realistic PointGoal Navigation?cited by 35
- 2025CityEQA: A Hierarchical LLM Agent on Embodied Question Answering Benchmark in City Spacecited by 32
- 2024TANGO: Training-free Embodied AI Agents for Open-world Taskscited by 27
- 2019Learning to Navigate Using Mid-Level Visual Priorscited by 25
- 2025DSI-Bench: A Benchmark for Dynamic Spatial Intelligencecited by 23
- 2024EfficientEQA: An Efficient Approach to Open-Vocabulary Embodied Question Answeringcited by 15
- 2024Point2Graph: An End-to-end Point Cloud-based 3D Open-Vocabulary Scene Graph for Robot Navigationcited by 4
- 2024Expand VSR Benchmark for VLLM to Expertize in Spatial Rulescited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026SATURN: Symbolic Spatial Reasoning for Multi-Perspective Groundingcited by 2
- 2026UrbanGround: From Local Perception to Spatial Agency in a Real-Scale Citycited by 1
- 2026IndustryAssetEQA: A Neurosymbolic Operational Intelligence System for Embodied Question Answering in Industrial Asset Maintenancecited by 0
- 2026CLAMP: Constrained Decoding for Vision-Language Embodied Planningcited by 0
- 2026EgoPathBench: Evaluating Zero-Shot Egocentric Waypoint Decision-Making in Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026EgoPathBench: Evaluating Zero-Shot Egocentric Waypoint Decision-Making in Vision-Language Models15 Sep 2026
- 2026CLAMP: Constrained Decoding for Vision-Language Embodied Planning8 Sep 2026
- 2026UrbanGround: From Local Perception to Spatial Agency in a Real-Scale City27 Aug 2026
- 2026SATURN: Symbolic Spatial Reasoning for Multi-Perspective Grounding21 Jun 2026
- 2026IndustryAssetEQA: A Neurosymbolic Operational Intelligence System for Embodied Question Answering in Industrial Asset Maintenance25 Apr 2026
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- 2026How Far Are Large Multimodal Models from Human-Level Spatial Action? A Benchmark for Goal-Oriented Embodied Navigation in Urban Airspace
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