mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Towards a Neurosymbolic Reasoning System Grounded in Schematic Representations

arXiv 2509.03644 ↗First posted 3 Sep 2025cs.AI cs.CLcited by 0

On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Despite significant progress in natural language understanding, Large Language Models (LLMs) remain error-prone when performing logical reasoning, often lacking the robust mental representations that enable human-like comprehension. We introduce a prototype neurosymbolic system, Embodied-LM, that grounds understanding and logical reasoning in schematic representations based on image schemas-recurring patterns derived from sensorimotor experience that structure human cognition. Our system operationalizes the spatial foundations of these cognitive structures using declarative spatial reasoning within Answer Set Programming. Through evaluation on logical deduction problems, we demonstrate that LLMs can be guided to interpret scenarios through embodied cognitive structures, that these structures can be formalized as executable programs, and that the resulting representations support effective logical reasoning with enhanced interpretability. While our current implementation focuses on spatial primitives, it establishes the computational foundation for incorporating more complex and dynamic representations.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 15 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Sep 2025.

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15 of 31 references.

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Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Grounding Agent Reasoning in Image Schemas: A Neurosymbolic Approach to Embodied Cognition31 Mar

Other references · 14

  1. 2022Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language modelscited by 1,998
  2. 2023Logic-LM: Empowering Large Language Models with Symbolic Solvers for Faithful Logical Reasoningcited by 391
  3. 2023Embers of Autoregression: Understanding Large Language Models Through the Problem They are Trained to Solvecited by 178
  4. 2019ASP-Core-2 Input Language Formatcited by 77
  5. 2023Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Answer Set Programscited by 33
  6. 2020How to build your own ASP-based system?!cited by 20
  7. 2020Language (Re)modelling: Towards Embodied Language Understandingcited by 16
  8. 2024LOGIC-LM++: Multi-Step Refinement for Symbolic Formulationscited by 14
  9. 2025VERUS-LM: a Versatile Framework for Combining LLMs with Symbolic Reasoningcited by 12
  10. 2020A Uniform Treatment of Aggregates and Constraints in Hybrid ASPcited by 8
  11. 2016Non-Monotonic Spatial Reasoning with Answer Set Programming Modulo Theoriescited by 6
  12. 2024Exploring Spatial Schema Intuitions in Large Language and Vision Modelscited by 4
2 more
  1. 2015Talking about the Moving Image: A Declarative Model for Image Schema Based Embodied Perception Grounding and Language Generationcited by 2
  2. 2018Answer Set Programming Modulo `Space-Time'cited by 2

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  1. 2026From Human Cognition to Neural Activations: Probing the Computational Primitives of Spatial Reasoning in LLMs
  2. 2025NeSyPr: Neurosymbolic Proceduralization For Efficient Embodied Reasoning
  3. 2024Neuro-symbolic Training for Reasoning over Spatial Language
  4. 2025REM: Evaluating LLM Embodied Spatial Reasoning through Multi-Frame Trajectories
  5. 2025Spatial Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey of Tasks, Benchmarks and Methods
  6. 2025EmbodiedVSR: Dynamic Scene Graph-Guided Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Visual Spatial Tasks
  7. 2025Embodied Spatial Intelligence: from Implicit Scene Modeling to Spatial Reasoning
  8. 2026S-Space: Exploring Spatial Workspace in Multimodal Language Models