Exploring Spatial Schema Intuitions in Large Language and Vision Models
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Despite the ubiquity of large language models (LLMs) in AI research, the question of embodiment in LLMs remains underexplored, distinguishing them from embodied systems in robotics where sensory perception directly informs physical action. Our investigation navigates the intriguing terrain of whether LLMs, despite their non-embodied nature, effectively capture implicit human intuitions about fundamental, spatial building blocks of language. We employ insights from spatial cognitive foundations developed through early sensorimotor experiences, guiding our exploration through the reproduction of three psycholinguistic experiments. Surprisingly, correlations between model outputs and human responses emerge, revealing adaptability without a tangible connection to embodied experiences. Notable distinctions include polarized language model responses and reduced correlations in vision language models. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of the interplay between language, spatial experiences, and the computations made by large language models. More at https://cisnlp.github.io/Spatial_Schemas/
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Feb 2024.
Builds on
11 of 42 references.
References · 11
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 2.
4 papers.
- 2025Large Language Models as Psychological Simulators: A Methodological Guidecited by 6
- 2024Are Large Language Models Aligned with People's Social Intuitions for Human-Robot Interactions?cited by 0
- 2024Red and blue language: Word choices in the Trump & Harris 2024 presidential debatecited by 0
- 2025Towards a Neurosymbolic Reasoning System Grounded in Schematic Representationscited by 0
- 2025Towards a Neurosymbolic Reasoning System Grounded in Schematic Representations3 Sep 2025
- 2025Large Language Models as Psychological Simulators: A Methodological Guide20 Jun 2025
- 2024Red and blue language: Word choices in the Trump & Harris 2024 presidential debate17 Oct 2024
- 2024Are Large Language Models Aligned with People's Social Intuitions for Human-Robot Interactions?8 Mar 2024
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- 2025Embodied Spatial Intelligence: from Implicit Scene Modeling to Spatial Reasoning
- 2026Vision-language models lag human performance on physical dynamics and intent reasoning
- 2025Spatial Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey of Tasks, Benchmarks and Methods
- 2024Do Vision-Language Models Represent Space and How? Evaluating Spatial Frame of Reference Under Ambiguities
- 2026From Human Cognition to Neural Activations: Probing the Computational Primitives of Spatial Reasoning in LLMs