Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Answer Set Programs
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-3 and GPT-4, have demonstrated exceptional performance in various natural language processing tasks and have shown the ability to solve certain reasoning problems. However, their reasoning capabilities are limited and relatively shallow, despite the application of various prompting techniques. In contrast, formal logic is adept at handling complex reasoning, but translating natural language descriptions into formal logic is a challenging task that non-experts struggle with. This paper proposes a neuro-symbolic method that combines the strengths of large language models and answer set programming. Specifically, we employ an LLM to transform natural language descriptions of logic puzzles into answer set programs. We carefully design prompts for an LLM to convert natural language descriptions into answer set programs in a step by step manner. Surprisingly, with just a few in-context learning examples, LLMs can generate reasonably complex answer set programs. The majority of errors made are relatively simple and can be easily corrected by humans, thus enabling LLMs to effectively assist in the creation of answer set programs.
Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 7 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jul 2023.
Builds on
7 of 45 references.
References · 7
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2022Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1,397
- 2021Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gophercited by 1,199
- 2022PlanBench: An Extensible Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Planning and Reasoning about Changecited by 372
- 2022Selection-Inference: Exploiting Large Language Models for Interpretable Logical Reasoningcited by 331
- 2021Improving Coherence and Consistency in Neural Sequence Models with Dual-System, Neuro-Symbolic Reasoningcited by 85
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 8; 2025: 14; 2026: 10.
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- 2024Argumentative Large Language Models for Explainable and Contestable Claim Verificationcited by 36
- 2025NeSyC: A Neuro-symbolic Continual Learner For Complex Embodied Tasks In Open Domainscited by 15
- 2024BlendRL: A Framework for Merging Symbolic and Neural Policy Learningcited by 14
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- 2024The Role of Foundation Models in Neuro-Symbolic Learning and Reasoningcited by 11
- 2025FINEREASON: Evaluating and Improving LLMs' Deliberate Reasoning through Reflective Puzzle Solvingcited by 10
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- 2025A Neurosymbolic Approach to Natural Language Formalization and Verificationcited by 8
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- 2025Question Answering with LLMs and Learning from Answer Setscited by 4
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- 2025Visual Graph Question Answering with ASP and LLMs for Language Parsingcited by 2
- 2025Neuro-Symbolic Frameworks: Conceptual Characterization and Empirical Comparative Analysiscited by 2
- 2025Predicate Renaming via Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2023Extending Answer Set Programming with Rational Numberscited by 0
- 2025textttSEM-CTRL: Semantically Controlled Decodingcited by 0
- 2025Towards a Neurosymbolic Reasoning System Grounded in Schematic Representationscited by 0
- 2025Interpretability Framework for LLMs in Undergraduate Calculuscited by 0
- 2025Bridging Natural Language and ASP: A Hybrid Approach Using LLMs and AMR Parsingcited by 0
- 2026Modeling Next-Token Prediction as Left-Nested Intuitionistic Implicationcited by 0
- 2026ASP-Bench: From Natural Language to Logic Programscited by 0
- 2026Cross-Domain Demo-to-Code via Neurosymbolic Counterfactual Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Streamliners for Answer Set Programmingcited by 0
- 2026Early-Stage Product Line Validation Using LLMs: A Study on Semi-Formal Blueprint Analysiscited by 0
- 2026Distilling Answer-Set Programming Rules from LLMs for Neurosymbolic Visual Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026Driving, Fast or Slow? Neuro-Symbolic Guidance for Motion Prediction in Multi-Modal Ground Mobilitycited by 0
- 2026Logic-Guided Data Extraction with Answer Set Programming and Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Distilling Answer Set Programming Theories from Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Automatic Conversion of NICE Guidelines to an Executable Computational Model Using Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Automatic Conversion of NICE Guidelines to an Executable Computational Model Using Large Language Models30 Aug 2026
- 2026Distilling Answer Set Programming Theories from Large Language Models30 Jul 2026
- 2026Driving, Fast or Slow? Neuro-Symbolic Guidance for Motion Prediction in Multi-Modal Ground Mobility13 Jun 2026
- 2026Logic-Guided Data Extraction with Answer Set Programming and Large Language Models8 Jun 2026
- 2026Distilling Answer-Set Programming Rules from LLMs for Neurosymbolic Visual Question Answering2 Jun 2026
- 2026Early-Stage Product Line Validation Using LLMs: A Study on Semi-Formal Blueprint Analysis22 Apr 2026
- 2026Streamliners for Answer Set Programming21 Apr 2026
- 2026Cross-Domain Demo-to-Code via Neurosymbolic Counterfactual Reasoning19 Mar 2026
- 2026ASP-Bench: From Natural Language to Logic Programs1 Feb 2026
- 2026Modeling Next-Token Prediction as Left-Nested Intuitionistic Implication7 Jan 2026
- 2025A Neurosymbolic Approach to Natural Language Formalization and Verification12 Nov 2025
- 2025Bridging Natural Language and ASP: A Hybrid Approach Using LLMs and AMR Parsing11 Nov 2025
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- 2025Predicate Renaming via Large Language Models29 Oct 2025
- 2025NeSyPr: Neurosymbolic Proceduralization For Efficient Embodied Reasoning22 Oct 2025
- 2025Interpretability Framework for LLMs in Undergraduate Calculus19 Oct 2025
- 2025Question Answering with LLMs and Learning from Answer Sets20 Sep 2025
- 2025Neuro-Symbolic Frameworks: Conceptual Characterization and Empirical Comparative Analysis8 Sep 2025
- 2025Towards a Neurosymbolic Reasoning System Grounded in Schematic Representations3 Sep 2025
- 2025DCP-Bench-Open: Evaluating LLMs for Constraint Modelling of Discrete Combinatorial Problems6 Jun 2025
- 2025textttSEM-CTRL: Semantically Controlled Decoding3 Mar 2025
- 2025NeSyC: A Neuro-symbolic Continual Learner For Complex Embodied Tasks In Open Domains2 Mar 2025
- 2025FINEREASON: Evaluating and Improving LLMs' Deliberate Reasoning through Reflective Puzzle Solving27 Feb 2025
- 2025Visual Graph Question Answering with ASP and LLMs for Language Parsing13 Feb 2025
- 2025VERUS-LM: a Versatile Framework for Combining LLMs with Symbolic Reasoning24 Jan 2025
- 2024Dspy-based Neural-Symbolic Pipeline to Enhance Spatial Reasoning in LLMs27 Nov 2024
- 2024BlendRL: A Framework for Merging Symbolic and Neural Policy Learning15 Oct 2024
- 2024Organizing a Society of Language Models: Structures and Mechanisms for Enhanced Collective Intelligence6 May 2024
- 2024Argumentative Large Language Models for Explainable and Contestable Claim Verification3 May 2024
- 2024Towards Automatic Composition of ASP Programs from Natural Language Specifications7 Mar 2024
- 2024DeiSAM: Segment Anything with Deictic Prompting21 Feb 2024
- 2024TIC: Translate-Infer-Compile for accurate "text to plan" using LLMs and Logical Representations9 Feb 2024
- 2024The Role of Foundation Models in Neuro-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning2 Feb 2024
- 2023Extending Answer Set Programming with Rational Numbers7 Dec 2023
- 2024BlendRL: A Framework for Merging Symbolic and Neural Policy Learningcited by 14
- 2025VERUS-LM: a Versatile Framework for Combining LLMs with Symbolic Reasoningcited by 12
- 2024The Role of Foundation Models in Neuro-Symbolic Learning and Reasoningcited by 11
- 2025FINEREASON: Evaluating and Improving LLMs' Deliberate Reasoning through Reflective Puzzle Solvingcited by 10
- 2024Dspy-based Neural-Symbolic Pipeline to Enhance Spatial Reasoning in LLMscited by 6
- 2025NeSyPr: Neurosymbolic Proceduralization For Efficient Embodied Reasoningcited by 5
- 2025Question Answering with LLMs and Learning from Answer Setscited by 4
- 2025Towards a Neurosymbolic Reasoning System Grounded in Schematic Representationscited by 0
- 2025Interpretability Framework for LLMs in Undergraduate Calculuscited by 0
- 2026Cross-Domain Demo-to-Code via Neurosymbolic Counterfactual Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Cross-Domain Demo-to-Code via Neurosymbolic Counterfactual Reasoning19 Mar 2026
- 2025NeSyPr: Neurosymbolic Proceduralization For Efficient Embodied Reasoning22 Oct 2025
- 2025Interpretability Framework for LLMs in Undergraduate Calculus19 Oct 2025
- 2025Question Answering with LLMs and Learning from Answer Sets20 Sep 2025
- 2025Towards a Neurosymbolic Reasoning System Grounded in Schematic Representations3 Sep 2025
- 2025FINEREASON: Evaluating and Improving LLMs' Deliberate Reasoning through Reflective Puzzle Solving27 Feb 2025
- 2025VERUS-LM: a Versatile Framework for Combining LLMs with Symbolic Reasoning24 Jan 2025
- 2024Dspy-based Neural-Symbolic Pipeline to Enhance Spatial Reasoning in LLMs27 Nov 2024
- 2024BlendRL: A Framework for Merging Symbolic and Neural Policy Learning15 Oct 2024
- 2024The Role of Foundation Models in Neuro-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning2 Feb 2024
- 2024Argumentative Large Language Models for Explainable and Contestable Claim Verificationcited by 36
- 2025NeSyC: A Neuro-symbolic Continual Learner For Complex Embodied Tasks In Open Domainscited by 15
- 2024DeiSAM: Segment Anything with Deictic Promptingcited by 9
- 2025A Neurosymbolic Approach to Natural Language Formalization and Verificationcited by 8
- 2024Towards Automatic Composition of ASP Programs from Natural Language Specificationscited by 7
- 2024Organizing a Society of Language Models: Structures and Mechanisms for Enhanced Collective Intelligencecited by 3
- 2025DCP-Bench-Open: Evaluating LLMs for Constraint Modelling of Discrete Combinatorial Problemscited by 3
- 2024TIC: Translate-Infer-Compile for accurate "text to plan" using LLMs and Logical Representationscited by 2
- 2025Visual Graph Question Answering with ASP and LLMs for Language Parsingcited by 2
- 2025Neuro-Symbolic Frameworks: Conceptual Characterization and Empirical Comparative Analysiscited by 2
- 2025Predicate Renaming via Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2023Extending Answer Set Programming with Rational Numberscited by 0
12 most cited of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2026Automatic Conversion of NICE Guidelines to an Executable Computational Model Using Large Language Models30 Aug 2026
- 2026Distilling Answer Set Programming Theories from Large Language Models30 Jul 2026
- 2026Driving, Fast or Slow? Neuro-Symbolic Guidance for Motion Prediction in Multi-Modal Ground Mobility13 Jun 2026
- 2026Logic-Guided Data Extraction with Answer Set Programming and Large Language Models8 Jun 2026
- 2026Distilling Answer-Set Programming Rules from LLMs for Neurosymbolic Visual Question Answering2 Jun 2026
- 2026Early-Stage Product Line Validation Using LLMs: A Study on Semi-Formal Blueprint Analysis22 Apr 2026
- 2026Streamliners for Answer Set Programming21 Apr 2026
- 2026ASP-Bench: From Natural Language to Logic Programs1 Feb 2026
- 2026Modeling Next-Token Prediction as Left-Nested Intuitionistic Implication7 Jan 2026
- 2025A Neurosymbolic Approach to Natural Language Formalization and Verification12 Nov 2025
- 2025Bridging Natural Language and ASP: A Hybrid Approach Using LLMs and AMR Parsing11 Nov 2025
- 2025Predicate Renaming via Large Language Models29 Oct 2025
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