mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

On Entropy Control in LLM-RL Algorithms

arXiv 2509.03493 ↗First posted 3 Sep 2025cs.LG cs.AIcited by 39

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Cited by 24 in LLM reasoning, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

For RL algorithms, appropriate entropy control is crucial to their effectiveness. To control the policy entropy, a commonly used method is entropy regularization, which is adopted in various popular RL algorithms including PPO, SAC and A3C. Although entropy regularization proves effective in robotic and games RL conventionally, studies found that it gives weak to no gains in LLM-RL training. In this work, we study the issues of entropy bonus in LLM-RL setting. Specifically, we first argue that the conventional entropy regularization suffers from the LLM's extremely large response space and the sparsity of the optimal outputs. As a remedy, we propose AEnt, an entropy control method that utilizes a new clamped entropy bonus with an automatically adjusted coefficient. The clamped entropy is evaluated with the re-normalized policy defined on certain smaller token space, which encourages exploration within a more compact response set. In addition, the algorithm automatically adjusts entropy coefficient according to the clamped entropy value, effectively controlling the entropy-induced bias while leveraging the entropy's benefits. AEnt is tested in math-reasoning tasks under different base models and datasets, and it is observed that AEnt outperforms the baselines consistently across multiple benchmarks.

Key facts. Cited by 39 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Sep 2025.

Builds on

26 of 36 references.

References · 26

  1. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  2. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  3. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  4. 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
  5. 2018Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actorcited by 4,635
  6. 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,655
  7. 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,598
  8. 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,678
  9. 2016Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2,218
  10. 2024HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Frameworkcited by 1,980
  11. 2022Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Modelscited by 1,359
  12. 2024OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific Problemscited by 1,099
14 more
  1. 2017Deep Reinforcement Learning that Matterscited by 727
  2. 2017Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithmcited by 723
  3. 2025The Entropy Mechanism of Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning Language Modelscited by 463
  4. 2025DeepMath-103K: A Large-Scale, Challenging, Decontaminated, and Verifiable Mathematical Dataset for Advancing Reasoningcited by 261
  5. 2020On the Global Convergence Rates of Softmax Policy Gradient Methodscited by 258
  6. 2025AReaL: A Large-Scale Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning System for Language Reasoningcited by 234
  7. 2018Understanding the impact of entropy on policy optimizationcited by 171
  8. 2025GPG: A Simple and Strong Reinforcement Learning Baseline for Model Reasoningcited by 147
  9. 2017Action Branching Architectures for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 90
  10. 2024Entropy-Regularized Process Reward Modelcited by 38
  11. 2019The Natural Language of Actionscited by 28
  12. 2021Action Redundancy in Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
  13. 2023Beyond Stationarity: Convergence Analysis of Stochastic Softmax Policy Gradient Methodscited by 9
  14. 2024Almost sure convergence rates of stochastic gradient methods under gradient dominationcited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 11; 2026: 28.

39 papers.

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  1. 2025CDE: Curiosity-Driven Exploration for Efficient Reinforcement Learning in Large Language Modelscited by 28
  2. 2025Exploration vs Exploitation: Rethinking RLVR through Clipping, Entropy, and Spurious Rewardcited by 25
  3. 2025Revisiting Entropy in Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 18
  4. 2025ARES: Multimodal Adaptive Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware Token-Level Entropy Shapingcited by 16
  5. 2025EPO: Entropy-regularized Policy Optimization for LLM Agents Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
  6. 2026PISmith: Reinforcement Learning-based Red Teaming for Prompt Injection Defensescited by 13
  7. 2025SCOPE-RL: Stable and Quantitative Control of Policy Entropy in RL Post-Trainingcited by 12
  8. 2025Beyond High-Entropy Exploration: Correctness-Aware Low-Entropy Segment-Based Advantage Shaping for Reasoning LLMscited by 10
  9. 2026DSDR: Dual-Scale Diversity Regularization for Exploration in LLM Reasoningcited by 9
  10. 2026Temperature as a Meta-Policy: Adaptive Temperature in LLM Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
  11. 2026Advantage Collapse in Group Relative Policy Optimization: Diagnosis and Mitigationcited by 7
  12. 2026Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Training, Inference, and Failurescited by 5
27 more
  1. 2026Reward Modeling for Reinforcement Learning-Based LLM Reasoning: Design, Challenges, and Evaluationcited by 5
  2. 2026AEM: Adaptive Entropy Modulation for Multi-Turn Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
  3. 2025ReLaX: Reasoning with Latent Exploration for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 4
  4. 2026RECUR: Resource Exhaustion Attack via Recursive-Entropy Guided Counterfactual Utilization and Reflectioncited by 4
  5. 2026Flexible Entropy Control in RLVR with a Gradient-Preserving Perspectivecited by 4
  6. 2026Meta-Cognitive Memory Policy Optimization for Long-Horizon LLM Agentscited by 4
  7. 2025Token-Level Policy Optimization: Linking Group-Level Rewards to Token-Level Aggregation via Markov Likelihoodcited by 3
  8. 2026Understanding and Preventing Entropy Collapse in RLVR with On-Policy Entropy Flow Optimizationcited by 3
  9. 2025BaNEL: Exploration Posteriors for Generative Modeling Using Only Negative Rewardscited by 2
  10. 2026Entropy Polarity in Reinforcement Fine-Tuning: Direction, Asymmetry, and Controlcited by 2
  11. 2026On Advantage Estimates for Max@K Policy Gradientscited by 2
  12. 2026Modularized Reinforcement Learning on LLMs: From MDP Creation to Exploration and Learningcited by 2
  13. 2025Learning More with Less: A Dynamic Dual-Level Down-Sampling Framework for Efficient Policy Optimizationcited by 1
  14. 2026Distribution-Centric Policy Optimization Dominates Exploration-Exploitation Trade-offcited by 1
  15. 2026PrAg-PO: Prompt Augmented Policy Optimization for Robust and Diverse Mathematical Reasoningcited by 1
  16. 2026Asymmetric Advantage Modulation Calibrates Entropy Dynamics in RLVRcited by 1
  17. 2026Breaking textitWinner-Takes-All: Cooperative Policy Optimization Improves Diverse LLM Reasoningcited by 1
  18. 2026Cyclical Entropy Eruption: Entropy Dynamics in Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
  19. 2026OrderGrad: Optimizing Beyond the Mean with Order-Statistic Policy Gradient Estimationcited by 1
  20. 2026GFlowRL: Scaling Distribution-Matching RL to Large Language Modelscited by 1
  21. 2026Beyond Entropy: Correctness-Aware Advantage Shaping via Contrastive Policy Optimizationcited by 1
  22. 2026Instruction-Conditioned Exploration for Reinforcement Learning with Self-Distillation to an Unconditioned Policycited by 1
  23. 2026Addressing Performance Saturation for LLM RL via Precise Entropy Curve Controlcited by 0
  24. 2026OracleTSC: Oracle-Informed Reward Hurdle and Uncertainty Regularization for Traffic Signal Controlcited by 0
  25. 2026SALT: When More Rollouts Don't Help in Group-Based Policy Optimization and How to Make Them Mattercited by 0
  26. 2026Parameter Exploration for RLVR via Variational Learningcited by 0
  27. 2026Do Large Language Models Capture the Diversity in their Training Data?cited by 0