mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Opportunities and Challenges of LLMs in Education: An NLP Perspective

arXiv 2507.22753 ↗First posted 30 Jul 2025cs.CLcited by 6

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Interest in the role of large language models (LLMs) in education is increasing, considering the new opportunities they offer for teaching, learning, and assessment. In this paper, we examine the impact of LLMs on educational NLP in the context of two main application scenarios: em assistance and em assessment, grounding them along the four dimensions -- reading, writing, speaking, and tutoring. We then present the new directions enabled by LLMs, and the key challenges to address. We envision that this holistic overview would be useful for NLP researchers and practitioners interested in exploring the role of LLMs in developing language-focused and NLP-enabled educational applications of the future.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 133 of its 437 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jul 2025.

Builds on

133 of 437 references.

References · 133

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  3. 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 4,057
  4. 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,905
  5. 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,342
  6. 2023AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversationcited by 1,988
  7. 2024A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 1,423
  8. 2023CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Societycited by 1,395
  9. 2025Phi-4-Mini Technical Report: Compact yet Powerful Multimodal Language Models via Mixture-of-LoRAscited by 521
  10. 2025Multi-Agent Collaboration Mechanisms: A Survey of LLMscited by 431
  11. 2024Large Language Models for Education: A Survey and Outlookcited by 188
  12. 2020GECToR -- Grammatical Error Correction: Tag, Not Rewritecited by 177
38 more
  1. 2023MathDial: A Dialogue Tutoring Dataset with Rich Pedagogical Properties Grounded in Math Reasoning Problemscited by 131
  2. 2017Sentence Simplification with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 109
  3. 2025Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Taskcited by 106
  4. 2019Encode, Tag, Realize: High-Precision Text Editingcited by 99
  5. 2017JFLEG: A Fluency Corpus and Benchmark for Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 97
  6. 2023Is ChatGPT a Highly Fluent Grammatical Error Correction System? A Comprehensive Evaluationcited by 97
  7. 2022The AI Teacher Test: Measuring the Pedagogical Ability of Blender and GPT-3 in Educational Dialoguescited by 79
  8. 2019Controllable Sentence Simplificationcited by 78
  9. 2023ChatGPT or Grammarly? Evaluating ChatGPT on Grammatical Error Correction Benchmarkcited by 77
  10. 2023LLM Comparative Assessment: Zero-shot NLG Evaluation through Pairwise Comparisons using Large Language Modelscited by 71
  11. 2023CoEdIT: Text Editing by Task-Specific Instruction Tuningcited by 68
  12. 2024Exploring LLM Prompting Strategies for Joint Essay Scoring and Feedback Generationcited by 63
  13. 2024Unifying AI Tutor Evaluation: An Evaluation Taxonomy for Pedagogical Ability Assessment of LLM-Powered AI Tutorscited by 61
  14. 2020Encoder-Decoder Models Can Benefit from Pre-trained Masked Language Models in Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 59
  15. 2020Felix: Flexible Text Editing Through Tagging and Insertioncited by 58
  16. 2020Seq2Edits: Sequence Transduction Using Span-level Edit Operationscited by 58
  17. 2021speechocean762: An Open-Source Non-native English Speech Corpus For Pronunciation Assessmentcited by 58
  18. 2018Approaching Neural Grammatical Error Correction as a Low-Resource Machine Translation Taskcited by 56
  19. 2019Text Readability Assessment for Second Language Learnerscited by 54
  20. 2020Controllable Text Simplification with Explicit Paraphrasingcited by 53
  21. 2023Bridging the Novice-Expert Gap via Models of Decision-Making: A Case Study on Remediating Math Mistakescited by 52
  22. 2016Automatic Text Scoring Using Neural Networkscited by 51
  23. 2023CLASS: A Design Framework for building Intelligent Tutoring Systems based on Learning Science principlescited by 48
  24. 2022On the Use of BERT for Automated Essay Scoring: Joint Learning of Multi-Scale Essay Representationcited by 46
  25. 2023From Instructions to Intrinsic Human Values -- A Survey of Alignment Goals for Big Modelscited by 45
  26. 2021Measuring Conversational Uptake: A Case Study on Student-Teacher Interactionscited by 44
  27. 2022The NCTE Transcripts: A Dataset of Elementary Math Classroom Transcriptscited by 43
  28. 2024Stepwise Verification and Remediation of Student Reasoning Errors with Large Language Model Tutorscited by 41
  29. 2022The TalkMoves Dataset: K-12 Mathematics Lesson Transcripts Annotated for Teacher and Student Discursive Movescited by 38
  30. 2023Exploring Effectiveness of GPT-3 in Grammatical Error Correction: A Study on Performance and Controllability in Prompt-Based Methodscited by 37
  31. 2023Is ChatGPT a Good Teacher Coach? Measuring Zero-Shot Performance For Scoring and Providing Actionable Insights on Classroom Instructioncited by 37
  32. 2021Pushing on Text Readability Assessment: A Transformer Meets Handcrafted Linguistic Featurescited by 36
  33. 2019Language models and Automated Essay Scoringcited by 35
  34. 2020Linguistic Features for Readability Assessmentcited by 35
  35. 2022EdiT5: Semi-Autoregressive Text-Editing with T5 Warm-Startcited by 35
  36. 2023BLESS: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Sentence Simplificationcited by 35
  37. 2020Stronger Baselines for Grammatical Error Correction Using Pretrained Encoder-Decoder Modelcited by 33
  38. 2023Opportunities and Challenges in Neural Dialog Tutoringcited by 33

50 most cited of 133 All 133 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 5.

6 papers.

  1. 2025Interaction Dynamics as a Reward Signal for LLMscited by 5
  2. 2026Luminol-AIDetect: Fast Zero-shot Machine-Generated Text Detection based on Perplexity under Text Shufflingcited by 1
  3. 2026PEARL: Training Socratic Tutors with Pedagogically Aligned Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
  4. 2026Corpus Prevalence of Multiple-Choice Question Optionscited by 0
  5. 2026Defense Against LLM Backdoors using Critical Neuron Isolation Pruningcited by 0
  6. 2026Larger Context Window, Fewer Overcorrections: Optimizing Prompts and Batching for Minimal-Edit Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 0