Orbis: Overcoming Challenges of Long-Horizon Prediction in Driving World Models
On the map: World models → World models for autonomous driving
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Abstract (arXiv)
Existing world models for autonomous driving struggle with long-horizon generation and generalization to challenging scenarios. In this work, we develop a model using simple design choices, and without additional supervision or sensors, such as maps, depth, or multiple cameras. We show that our model yields state-of-the-art performance, despite having only 469M parameters and being trained on 280h of video data. It particularly stands out in difficult scenarios like turning maneuvers and urban traffic. We test whether discrete token models possibly have advantages over continuous models based on flow matching. To this end, we set up a hybrid tokenizer that is compatible with both approaches and allows for a side-by-side comparison. Our study concludes in favor of the continuous autoregressive model, which is less brittle on individual design choices and more powerful than the model built on discrete tokens. Code, models and qualitative results are publicly available at https://lmb-freiburg.github.io/orbis.github.io/.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in World models for autonomous driving, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 76 of its 89 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Jul 2025.
Builds on
76 of 89 references.
Closest ancestors · 11
Same direction, newest first
- 2025GAIA-2: A Controllable Multi-View Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving26 Mar
- 2024DrivingWorld: Constructing World Model for Autonomous Driving via Video GPT27 Dec
- 2024DriveDreamer4D: World Models Are Effective Data Machines for 4D Driving Scene Representation17 Oct
- 2024Vista: A Generalizable Driving World Model with High Fidelity and Versatile Controllability27 May
- 2024GenAD: Generalized Predictive Model for Autonomous Driving14 Mar
- 2024DriveDreamer-2: LLM-Enhanced World Models for Diverse Driving Video Generation11 Mar
- 2023Driving into the Future: Multiview Visual Forecasting and Planning with World Model for Autonomous Driving29 Nov
- 2023ADriver-I: A General World Model for Autonomous Driving22 Nov
- 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving29 Sep
- 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehicles22 Jun
- 2017CARLA: An Open Urban Driving Simulator10 Nov
Other references · 65
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
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- 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,712
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- 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,451
- 2017FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layercited by 2,333
- 2024CogVideoX: Text-to-Video Diffusion Models with An Expert Transformercited by 2,261
- 2019Dream to Control: Learning Behaviors by Latent Imaginationcited by 1,653
- 2025VGGT: Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 1,539
- 2018World Modelscited by 1,513
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- 2022MaskGIT: Masked Generative Image Transformercited by 1,099
- 2024Visual Autoregressive Modeling: Scalable Image Generation via Next-Scale Predictioncited by 1,023
- 2020Mastering Atari with Discrete World Modelscited by 1,007
- 2019Improved Precision and Recall Metric for Assessing Generative Modelscited by 944
- 2025Cosmos World Foundation Model Platform for Physical AIcited by 864
- 2025V-JEPA 2: Self-Supervised Video Models Enable Understanding, Prediction and Planningcited by 809
- 2018Recurrent World Models Facilitate Policy Evolutioncited by 785
- 2024Genie: Generative Interactive Environmentscited by 747
- 2022Autoregressive Image Generation using Residual Quantizationcited by 722
- 2021VideoGPT: Video Generation using VQ-VAE and Transformerscited by 658
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- 2022MagicVideo: Efficient Video Generation With Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 465
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- 2023Emu Video: Factorizing Text-to-Video Generation by Explicit Image Conditioningcited by 255
- 2021One Million Scenes for Autonomous Driving: ONCE Datasetcited by 218
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- 2020Spatial-Temporal Transformer Networks for Traffic Flow Forecastingcited by 180
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- 2024HART: Efficient Visual Generation with Hybrid Autoregressive Transformercited by 132
50 most cited of 65 All 65 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 13.
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- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on World Models for Embodied AIcited by 68
- 2026MIND: Benchmarking Memory Consistency and Action Control in World Modelscited by 35
- 2025OmniNWM: Omniscient Driving Navigation World Modelscited by 33
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- 2026Relationally Grounded Latent World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
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- 2026CosmosAlign: Adapting a World Foundation Model for Generative Traffic Video Forecasting7 Aug 2026
- 2026Flow Matching in Feature Space for Stochastic World Modeling27 Jun 2026
- 2026CausalDrive: Real-time Causal World Models for Autonomous Driving13 Jun 2026
- 2026Unified Driving Tokens: Representation- and Geometry-Guided Discrete Tokenizer for Driving World Models and Planning1 Jun 2026
- 2026DriveDreamer-Policy: A Geometry-Grounded World-Action Model for Unified Generation and Planning2 Apr 2026
- 2026Reasoning models do not yet follow their reasoning in autonomous driving: The KITScenes LongTail Dataset24 Mar 2026
- 2026WorldVLM: Combining World Model Forecasting and Vision-Language Reasoning15 Mar 2026
- 2026Latent World Models for Automated Driving: A Unified Taxonomy, Evaluation Framework, and Open Challenges10 Mar 2026
- 2026TruckDrive: Long-Range Autonomous Highway Driving Dataset2 Mar 2026
- 2026MIND: Benchmarking Memory Consistency and Action Control in World Models8 Feb 2026
- 2026LSA: Localized Semantic Alignment for Enhancing Temporal Consistency in Traffic Video Generation5 Feb 2026
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- 2026DrivingGen: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Generative Video World Models in Autonomous Driving4 Jan 2026
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- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on World Models for Embodied AI19 Oct 2025
- 2025What Drives Compositional Generalization in Visual Generative Models? The Importance of Continuous Training Objectives3 Oct 2025
- 2025How Safe Will I Be Given What I Saw? Calibrated Prediction of Safety Chances for Image-Controlled Autonomy12 Aug 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on World Models for Embodied AIcited by 68
- 2026MIND: Benchmarking Memory Consistency and Action Control in World Modelscited by 35
- 2025OmniNWM: Omniscient Driving Navigation World Modelscited by 33
- 2026DrivingGen: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Generative Video World Models in Autonomous Drivingcited by 21
- 2026DriveDreamer-Policy: A Geometry-Grounded World-Action Model for Unified Generation and Planningcited by 17
- 2026CausalDrive: Real-time Causal World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
- 2026Flow Matching in Feature Space for Stochastic World Modelingcited by 4
- 2026Latent World Models for Automated Driving: A Unified Taxonomy, Evaluation Framework, and Open Challengescited by 3
- 2025How Safe Will I Be Given What I Saw? Calibrated Prediction of Safety Chances for Image-Controlled Autonomycited by 1
- 2026Unified Driving Tokens: Representation- and Geometry-Guided Discrete Tokenizer for Driving World Models and Planningcited by 1
- 2026WorldVLM: Combining World Model Forecasting and Vision-Language Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Relationally Grounded Latent World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Relationally Grounded Latent World Models for Autonomous Driving21 Sep 2026
- 2026Flow Matching in Feature Space for Stochastic World Modeling27 Jun 2026
- 2026CausalDrive: Real-time Causal World Models for Autonomous Driving13 Jun 2026
- 2026Unified Driving Tokens: Representation- and Geometry-Guided Discrete Tokenizer for Driving World Models and Planning1 Jun 2026
- 2026DriveDreamer-Policy: A Geometry-Grounded World-Action Model for Unified Generation and Planning2 Apr 2026
- 2026WorldVLM: Combining World Model Forecasting and Vision-Language Reasoning15 Mar 2026
- 2026Latent World Models for Automated Driving: A Unified Taxonomy, Evaluation Framework, and Open Challenges10 Mar 2026
- 2026MIND: Benchmarking Memory Consistency and Action Control in World Models8 Feb 2026
- 2026DrivingGen: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Generative Video World Models in Autonomous Driving4 Jan 2026
- 2025OmniNWM: Omniscient Driving Navigation World Models21 Oct 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on World Models for Embodied AI19 Oct 2025
- 2025How Safe Will I Be Given What I Saw? Calibrated Prediction of Safety Chances for Image-Controlled Autonomy12 Aug 2025
- 2025What Drives Compositional Generalization in Visual Generative Models? The Importance of Continuous Training Objectivescited by 3
- 2026CosmosAlign: Adapting a World Foundation Model for Generative Traffic Video Forecastingcited by 1
- 2026LSA: Localized Semantic Alignment for Enhancing Temporal Consistency in Traffic Video Generationcited by 0
- 2026CosmosAlign: Adapting a World Foundation Model for Generative Traffic Video Forecasting7 Aug 2026
- 2026LSA: Localized Semantic Alignment for Enhancing Temporal Consistency in Traffic Video Generation5 Feb 2026
- 2025What Drives Compositional Generalization in Visual Generative Models? The Importance of Continuous Training Objectives3 Oct 2025
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