mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Beyond Simulation: Benchmarking World Models for Planning and Causality in Autonomous Driving

arXiv 2508.01922 ↗First posted 3 Aug 2025cs.ROcited by 3

On the map: World models → World models for autonomous driving

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

World models have become increasingly popular in acting as learned traffic simulators. Recent work has explored replacing traditional traffic simulators with world models for policy training. In this work, we explore the robustness of existing metrics to evaluate world models as traffic simulators to see if the same metrics are suitable for evaluating a world model as a pseudo-environment for policy training. Specifically, we analyze the metametric employed by the Waymo Open Sim-Agents Challenge (WOSAC) and compare world model predictions on standard scenarios where the agents are fully or partially controlled by the world model (partial replay). Furthermore, since we are interested in evaluating the ego action-conditioned world model, we extend the standard WOSAC evaluation domain to include agents that are causal to the ego vehicle. Our evaluations reveal a significant number of scenarios where top-ranking models perform well under no perturbation but fail when the ego agent is forced to replay the original trajectory. To address these cases, we propose new metrics to highlight the sensitivity of world models to uncontrollable objects and evaluate the performance of world models as pseudo-environments for policy training and analyze some state-of-the-art world models under these new metrics.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in World models for autonomous driving, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 6 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Aug 2025.

Builds on

6 of 32 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023TrafficBots: Towards World Models for Autonomous Driving Simulation and Motion Prediction7 Mar
  2. 2021MetaDrive: Composing Diverse Driving Scenarios for Generalizable Reinforcement Learning26 Sep
  3. 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehicles22 Jun
  4. 2017CARLA: An Open Urban Driving Simulator10 Nov

Other references · 2

  1. 2019Dream to Control: Learning Behaviors by Latent Imaginationcited by 1,653
  2. 2020Mastering Atari with Discrete World Modelscited by 1,007

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026What Probing Reveals about Autonomous Driving: Linking Internal Prediction Errors to Ego Planning
  2. 2025A Survey of World Models for Autonomous Driving
  3. 2026DrivingGen: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Generative Video World Models in Autonomous Driving
  4. 2026WM-Cov: Test Adequacy for Interactive World-Model-Style Autonomous Driving Simulation
  5. 2025Unlocking Efficient Vehicle Dynamics Modeling via Analytic World Models
  6. 2026AutoWorld: Learning Multi-Agent Traffic Simulation with Self-Supervised World Models
  7. 2026World Engine: Towards the Era of Post-Training for Autonomous Driving
  8. 2021Learning to drive from a world on rails