LeVo: High-Quality Song Generation with Multi-Preference Alignment
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Preference alignment for recommenders and RAG
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and audio language models have significantly improved music generation, particularly in lyrics-to-song generation. However, existing approaches still struggle with the complex composition of songs and the scarcity of high-quality data, leading to limitations in audio quality, musicality, instruction following, and vocal-instrument harmony. To address these challenges, we introduce LeVo, a language model based framework consisting of LeLM and Music Codec. LeLM is capable of parallel modeling of two types of tokens: mixed tokens, which represent the combined audio of vocals and accompaniment to achieve better vocal-instrument harmony, and dual-track tokens, which separately encode vocals and accompaniment for high-quality song generation. It employs two decoder-only transformers and a modular extension training strategy to prevent interference between different token types. To further enhance musicality and instruction following ability, we introduce a multi-preference alignment method based on Direct Preference Optimization (DPO). This method handles diverse human preferences through a semi-automatic data construction process and post-training. Experimental results demonstrate that LeVo significantly outperforms existing open-source methods in both objective and subjective metrics, while performing competitively with industry systems. Ablation studies further justify the effectiveness of our designs. Audio examples and source code are available at https://levo-demo.github.io and https://github.com/tencent-ailab/songgeneration.
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Preference alignment for recommenders and RAG, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 55 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jun 2025.
Builds on
55 of 65 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
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- 2024Tango 2: Aligning Diffusion-based Text-to-Audio Generations through Direct Preference Optimization15 Apr
- 2024MusicRL: Aligning Music Generation to Human Preferences6 Feb
Other references · 53
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50 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 18.
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- 2025DiffRhythm 2: Efficient and High Fidelity Song Generation via Block Flow Matchingcited by 14
- 2025JAM: A Tiny Flow-based Song Generator with Fine-grained Controllability and Aesthetic Alignmentcited by 9
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- 2026SongBench: A Fine-Grained Multi-Aspect Benchmark for Song Quality Assessmentcited by 6
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- 2026CMI-RewardBench: Evaluating Music Reward Models with Compositional Multimodal Instructioncited by 5
- 2026LeVo 2: Stable and Melodious Song Generation via Hierarchical Representation Modeling and Progressive Post-Trainingcited by 4
- 2025Towards Hallucination-Free Music: A Reinforcement Learning Preference Optimization Framework for Reliable Song Generationcited by 1
- 2026ImmersiveFlow: Stereo-to-7.1.4 spatial audio generation with flow matchingcited by 1
- 2026Shao: Scaling Acoustic Token Language Models Toward High-Fidelity Music Generationcited by 1
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- 2026Phun-Bench: Evaluating LLMs on Phonological Understanding in Chinese5 Jun 2026
- 2026SegTune: Structured and Fine-Grained Control for Song Generation31 May 2026
- 2026LoSATok: Low-Dimensional Semantic-Acoustic Tokenizer for Cross-Domain Audio Understanding and Generation27 May 2026
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- 2026Tutti: Expressive Multi-Singer Synthesis via Structure-Level Timbre Control and Vocal Texture Modeling9 Feb 2026
- 2026ImmersiveFlow: Stereo-to-7.1.4 spatial audio generation with flow matching19 Jan 2026
- 2026Muse: Towards Reproducible Long-Form Song Generation with Fine-Grained Style Control7 Jan 2026
- 2025DiffRhythm 2: Efficient and High Fidelity Song Generation via Block Flow Matching27 Oct 2025
- 2025SongPrep: A Preprocessing Framework and End-to-end Model for Full-song Structure Parsing and Lyrics Transcription22 Sep 2025
- 2025Multi-Metric Preference Alignment for Generative Speech Restoration24 Aug 2025
- 2025Towards Hallucination-Free Music: A Reinforcement Learning Preference Optimization Framework for Reliable Song Generation7 Aug 2025
- 2025JAM: A Tiny Flow-based Song Generator with Fine-grained Controllability and Aesthetic Alignment28 Jul 2025
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- 2026CMI-RewardBench: Evaluating Music Reward Models with Compositional Multimodal Instructioncited by 5
- 2025Towards Hallucination-Free Music: A Reinforcement Learning Preference Optimization Framework for Reliable Song Generationcited by 1
- 2026MuseCritic: Learning Multi-Aspect Song Rewards through Natural-Language Aesthetic Critiquescited by 0
- 2026MuseCritic: Learning Multi-Aspect Song Rewards through Natural-Language Aesthetic Critiques12 Aug 2026
- 2026CMI-RewardBench: Evaluating Music Reward Models with Compositional Multimodal Instruction28 Feb 2026
- 2025Multi-Metric Preference Alignment for Generative Speech Restoration24 Aug 2025
- 2025Towards Hallucination-Free Music: A Reinforcement Learning Preference Optimization Framework for Reliable Song Generation7 Aug 2025
- 2025DiffRhythm 2: Efficient and High Fidelity Song Generation via Block Flow Matchingcited by 14
- 2025JAM: A Tiny Flow-based Song Generator with Fine-grained Controllability and Aesthetic Alignmentcited by 9
- 2026ImmersiveFlow: Stereo-to-7.1.4 spatial audio generation with flow matchingcited by 1
- 2026Anysynth:Zero-Shot Instrument Cloning via In-Context Learning and Asymmetric Hierarchical Guidancecited by 1
- 2026Anysynth:Zero-Shot Instrument Cloning via In-Context Learning and Asymmetric Hierarchical Guidance13 Jul 2026
- 2026ImmersiveFlow: Stereo-to-7.1.4 spatial audio generation with flow matching19 Jan 2026
- 2025DiffRhythm 2: Efficient and High Fidelity Song Generation via Block Flow Matching27 Oct 2025
- 2025JAM: A Tiny Flow-based Song Generator with Fine-grained Controllability and Aesthetic Alignment28 Jul 2025
- 2026EvoAudio: Recursive Self-Improvement for Audio Understanding23 Sep 2026
- 2026Muse: Towards Reproducible Long-Form Song Generation with Fine-Grained Style Controlcited by 7
- 2026SongBench: A Fine-Grained Multi-Aspect Benchmark for Song Quality Assessmentcited by 6
- 2025SongPrep: A Preprocessing Framework and End-to-end Model for Full-song Structure Parsing and Lyrics Transcriptioncited by 5
- 2026LeVo 2: Stable and Melodious Song Generation via Hierarchical Representation Modeling and Progressive Post-Trainingcited by 4
- 2026Shao: Scaling Acoustic Token Language Models Toward High-Fidelity Music Generationcited by 1
- 2026Pushing the Frontier of Full-Song Generation: Hierarchical Autoregressive Planning Meets Flow-Matching Renderingcited by 1
- 2026Tutti: Expressive Multi-Singer Synthesis via Structure-Level Timbre Control and Vocal Texture Modelingcited by 0
- 2026LoSATok: Low-Dimensional Semantic-Acoustic Tokenizer for Cross-Domain Audio Understanding and Generationcited by 0
- 2026SegTune: Structured and Fine-Grained Control for Song Generationcited by 0
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- 2026MADB: A Large-Scale Music Aesthetics Dataset with Professional and Multi-Dimensional Annotationscited by 0
- 2026WanSong v1.0 Technical Reportcited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026AURA: Unified Multimodal Framework for Conversational Music Editing13 Sep 2026
- 2026Pushing the Frontier of Full-Song Generation: Hierarchical Autoregressive Planning Meets Flow-Matching Rendering22 Jul 2026
- 2026WanSong v1.0 Technical Report16 Jul 2026
- 2026MADB: A Large-Scale Music Aesthetics Dataset with Professional and Multi-Dimensional Annotations8 Jul 2026
- 2026LeVo 2: Stable and Melodious Song Generation via Hierarchical Representation Modeling and Progressive Post-Training29 Jun 2026
- 2026Phun-Bench: Evaluating LLMs on Phonological Understanding in Chinese5 Jun 2026
- 2026SegTune: Structured and Fine-Grained Control for Song Generation31 May 2026
- 2026LoSATok: Low-Dimensional Semantic-Acoustic Tokenizer for Cross-Domain Audio Understanding and Generation27 May 2026
- 2026Shao: Scaling Acoustic Token Language Models Toward High-Fidelity Music Generation3 May 2026
- 2026SongBench: A Fine-Grained Multi-Aspect Benchmark for Song Quality Assessment16 Apr 2026
- 2026Tutti: Expressive Multi-Singer Synthesis via Structure-Level Timbre Control and Vocal Texture Modeling9 Feb 2026
- 2026Muse: Towards Reproducible Long-Form Song Generation with Fine-Grained Style Control7 Jan 2026
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)
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