Multi-Metric Preference Alignment for Generative Speech Restoration
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Preference alignment for recommenders and RAG
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent generative models have significantly advanced speech restoration tasks, yet their training objectives often misalign with human perceptual preferences, resulting in suboptimal quality. While post-training alignment has proven effective in other generative domains like text and image generation, its application to generative speech restoration remains largely under-explored. This work investigates the challenges of applying preference-based post-training to this task, focusing on how to define a robust preference signal and curate high-quality data to avoid reward hacking. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-metric preference alignment strategy. We construct a new dataset, GenSR-Pref, comprising 80K preference pairs, where each chosen sample is unanimously favored by a complementary suite of metrics covering perceptual quality, signal fidelity, content consistency, and timbre preservation. This principled approach ensures a holistic preference signal. Applying Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) with our dataset, we observe consistent and significant performance gains across three diverse generative paradigms: autoregressive models (AR), masked generative models (MGM), and flow-matching models (FM) on various restoration benchmarks, in both objective and subjective evaluations. Ablation studies confirm the superiority of our multi-metric strategy over single-metric approaches in mitigating reward hacking. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our aligned models can serve as powerful ''data annotators'', generating high-quality pseudo-labels to serve as a supervision signal for traditional discriminative models in data-scarce scenarios like singing voice restoration. Demo Page:https://gensr-pref.github.io
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Preference alignment for recommenders and RAG, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 41 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Aug 2025.
Builds on
41 of 53 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
- 2025LeVo: High-Quality Song Generation with Multi-Preference Alignment9 Jun
- 2025Koel-TTS: Enhancing LLM based Speech Generation with Preference Alignment and Classifier Free Guidance7 Feb
- 2024Preference Alignment Improves Language Model-Based TTS19 Sep
- 2024SpeechAlign: Aligning Speech Generation to Human Preferences8 Apr
- 2024MusicRL: Aligning Music Generation to Human Preferences6 Feb
- 2024BATON: Aligning Text-to-Audio Model with Human Preference Feedback1 Feb
Other references · 35
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
- 2023High-Fidelity Audio Compression with Improved RVQGANcited by 431
- 2025Improving Video Generation with Human Feedbackcited by 284
- 2024Emilia: An Extensive, Multilingual, and Diverse Speech Dataset for Large-Scale Speech Generationcited by 204
- 2021NISQA: A Deep CNN-Self-Attention Model for Multidimensional Speech Quality Prediction with Crowdsourced Datasetscited by 192
- 2021DNSMOS P.835: A Non-Intrusive Perceptual Objective Speech Quality Metric to Evaluate Noise Suppressorscited by 172
- 2024MaskGCT: Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech with Masked Generative Codec Transformercited by 161
- 2023Vocos: Closing the gap between time-domain and Fourier-based neural vocoders for high-quality audio synthesiscited by 153
- 2020The INTERSPEECH 2020 Deep Noise Suppression Challenge: Datasets, Subjective Testing Framework, and Challenge Resultscited by 133
23 more
- 2019MetricGAN: Generative Adversarial Networks based Black-box Metric Scores Optimization for Speech Enhancementcited by 104
- 2022Speech Enhancement with Score-Based Generative Models in the Complex STFT Domaincited by 102
- 2023SpeechX: Neural Codec Language Model as a Versatile Speech Transformercited by 64
- 2023Generative Pre-training for Speech with Flow Matchingcited by 55
- 2023AudioSR: Versatile Audio Super-resolution at Scalecited by 39
- 2024SpeechBERTScore: Reference-Aware Automatic Evaluation of Speech Generation Leveraging NLP Evaluation Metricscited by 38
- 2022VoiceFixer: A Unified Framework for High-Fidelity Speech Restorationcited by 37
- 2022Analysing Diffusion-based Generative Approaches versus Discriminative Approaches for Speech Restorationcited by 34
- 2023Amphion: An Open-Source Audio, Music and Speech Generation Toolkitcited by 27
- 2024MaskSR: Masked Language Model for Full-band Speech Restorationcited by 24
- 2025F5R-TTS: Improving Flow-Matching based Text-to-Speech with Group Relative Policy Optimizationcited by 24
- 2025AnyEnhance: A Unified Generative Model with Prompt-Guidance and Self-Critic for Voice Enhancementcited by 23
- 2025GenSE: Generative Speech Enhancement via Language Models using Hierarchical Modelingcited by 20
- 2025Advancing Zero-shot Text-to-Speech Intelligibility across Diverse Domains via Preference Alignmentcited by 18
- 2024URGENT Challenge: Universality, Robustness, and Generalizability For Speech Enhancementcited by 17
- 2025FlowSE: Efficient and High-Quality Speech Enhancement via Flow Matchingcited by 17
- 2024Generative Speech Foundation Model Pretraining for High-Quality Speech Extraction and Restorationcited by 16
- 2025Metis: A Foundation Speech Generation Model with Masked Generative Pre-trainingcited by 12
- 2025SoloSpeech: Enhancing Intelligibility and Quality in Target Speech Extraction through a Cascaded Generative Pipelinecited by 9
- 2024Joint Semantic Knowledge Distillation and Masked Acoustic Modeling for Full-band Speech Restoration with Improved Intelligibilitycited by 5
- 2024Using RLHF to align speech enhancement approaches to mean-opinion quality scorescited by 5
- 2025Overview of the Amphion Toolkit (v0.2)cited by 5
- 2025SingNet: Towards a Large-Scale, Diverse, and In-the-Wild Singing Voice Datasetcited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 4.
7 papers.
- 2026FlowSE-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Speech Enhancement via Online Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2025Schr"odinger Bridge Mamba for One-Step Speech Enhancementcited by 3
- 2025Investigating training objective for flow matching-based speech enhancementcited by 1
- 2025GenTSE: Enhancing Target Speaker Extraction via a Coarse-to-Fine Generative Language Modelcited by 1
- 2026Bridging the Stability-Expressivity Gap: Synthetic Data Scaling and Preference Alignment for Low-Resource Spoken Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Reliable Neural-Codec Text-to-Speech by ASR Self-Verification and Distillation: Near-Zero Catastrophic Failures Across Models and Codecscited by 0
- 2026Transcript-Supervised Post-Training of Generative Speech Enhancement on Real Recordings via Reinforce Adjoint Matchingcited by 0
- 2026Transcript-Supervised Post-Training of Generative Speech Enhancement on Real Recordings via Reinforce Adjoint Matching24 Sep 2026
- 2026Reliable Neural-Codec Text-to-Speech by ASR Self-Verification and Distillation: Near-Zero Catastrophic Failures Across Models and Codecs16 Jun 2026
- 2026Bridging the Stability-Expressivity Gap: Synthetic Data Scaling and Preference Alignment for Low-Resource Spoken Language Models10 Apr 2026
- 2026FlowSE-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Speech Enhancement via Online Reinforcement Learning23 Jan 2026
- 2025GenTSE: Enhancing Target Speaker Extraction via a Coarse-to-Fine Generative Language Model24 Dec 2025
- 2025Investigating training objective for flow matching-based speech enhancement11 Dec 2025
- 2025Schr"odinger Bridge Mamba for One-Step Speech Enhancement19 Oct 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Impact of Preference Noise on the Alignment Performance of Generative Language Models
- 2026AlignAudio: A Unified Dual-Alignment Framework for Noise-Robust Speech-Conditioned Generation
- 2025Aligning Generative Speech Enhancement with Perceptual Feedback
- 2024Preference Optimization with Multi-Sample Comparisons
- 2024Synth-Align: Improving Trustworthiness in Vision-Language Model with Synthetic Preference Data Alignment
- 2026Direct Preference Density Alignment for Conversational Audio Equalization
- 2025Clean First, Align Later: Benchmarking Preference Data Cleaning for Reliable LLM Alignment
- 2025Towards Real-Time Generative Speech Restoration with Flow-Matching