mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

ACE-Step: A Step Towards Music Generation Foundation Model

arXiv 2506.00045 ↗First posted 28 May 2025cs.SD eess.AScited by 56

On the map: Diffusion models → Audio, speech and music

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce ACE-Step, a novel open-source foundation model for music generation that overcomes key limitations of existing approaches and achieves state-of-the-art performance through a holistic architectural design. Current methods face inherent trade-offs between generation speed, musical coherence, and controllability. For example, LLM-based models (e.g. Yue, SongGen) excel at lyric alignment but suffer from slow inference and structural artifacts. Diffusion models (e.g. DiffRhythm), on the other hand, enable faster synthesis but often lack long-range structural coherence. ACE-Step bridges this gap by integrating diffusion-based generation with Sana's Deep Compression AutoEncoder (DCAE) and a lightweight linear transformer. It also leverages MERT and m-hubert to align semantic representations (REPA) during training, allowing rapid convergence. As a result, our model synthesizes up to 4 minutes of music in just 20 seconds on an A100 GPU-15x faster than LLM-based baselines-while achieving superior musical coherence and lyric alignment across melody, harmony, and rhythm metrics. Moreover, ACE-Step preserves fine-grained acoustic details, enabling advanced control mechanisms such as voice cloning, lyric editing, remixing, and track generation (e.g. lyric2vocal, singing2accompaniment). Rather than building yet another end-to-end text-to-music pipeline, our vision is to establish a foundation model for music AI: a fast, general-purpose, efficient yet flexible architecture that makes it easy to train subtasks on top of it. This paves the way for the development of powerful tools that seamlessly integrate into the creative workflows of music artists, producers, and content creators. In short, our goal is to build a stable diffusion moment for music. The code, the model weights and the demo are available at: https://ace-step.github.io/.

Key facts. Cited by 56 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 36 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 May 2025.

Builds on

36 of 51 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025DiffRhythm: Blazingly Fast and Embarrassingly Simple End-to-End Full-Length Song Generation with Latent Diffusion3 Mar
  2. 2023AudioLDM 2: Learning Holistic Audio Generation with Self-supervised Pretraining10 Aug
  3. 2023AudioLDM: Text-to-Audio Generation with Latent Diffusion Models29 Jan

Other references · 33

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  4. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,599
  5. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
  6. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
  7. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 6,054
  8. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,503
  9. 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,712
  10. 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flowcited by 3,700
  11. 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,344
  12. 2025Wan: Open and Advanced Large-Scale Video Generative Modelscited by 2,708
21 more
  1. 2024WorldSimBench: Towards Video Generation Models as World Simulatorscited by 881
  2. 2023PixArt-α: Fast Training of Diffusion Transformer for Photorealistic Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 864
  3. 2025Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Reportcited by 736
  4. 2022Large-scale Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining with Feature Fusion and Keyword-to-Caption Augmentationcited by 719
  5. 2024Representation Alignment for Generation: Training Diffusion Transformers Is Easier Than You Thinkcited by 703
  6. 2020Jukebox: A Generative Model for Musiccited by 542
  7. 2024Deep Compression Autoencoder for Efficient High-Resolution Diffusion Modelscited by 217
  8. 2024FlowEdit: Inversion-Free Text-Based Editing Using Pre-Trained Flow Modelscited by 217
  9. 2023UniMax: Fairer and more Effective Language Sampling for Large-Scale Multilingual Pretrainingcited by 151
  10. 2025Meta Audiobox Aesthetics: Unified Automatic Quality Assessment for Speech, Music, and Soundcited by 137
  11. 2023Adapting Frechet Audio Distance for Generative Music Evaluationcited by 92
  12. 2025YuE: Scaling Open Foundation Models for Long-Form Music Generationcited by 71
  13. 2025MuQ: Self-Supervised Music Representation Learning with Mel Residual Vector Quantizationcited by 68
  14. 2024mHuBERT-147: A Compact Multilingual HuBERT Modelcited by 66
  15. 2022ByT5 model for massively multilingual grapheme-to-phoneme conversioncited by 49
  16. 2022EfficientViT: Multi-Scale Linear Attention for High-Resolution Dense Predictioncited by 42
  17. 2023All-In-One Metrical And Functional Structure Analysis With Neighborhood Attentions on Demixed Audiocited by 28
  18. 2024Beat this! Accurate beat tracking without DBN postprocessingcited by 27
  19. 2024Imagen 3cited by 27
  20. 2025SongEval: A Benchmark Dataset for Song Aesthetics Evaluationcited by 26
  21. 2020Learning Diverse Features with Part-Level Resolution for Person Re-Identificationcited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 15; 2026: 41.

56 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2025Ovi: Twin Backbone Cross-Modal Fusion for Audio-Video Generationcited by 83
  2. 2025UniVerse-1: Unified Audio-Video Generation via Stitching of Expertscited by 61
  3. 2025LeVo: High-Quality Song Generation with Multi-Preference Alignmentcited by 25
  4. 2026JavisDiT++: Unified Modeling and Optimization for Joint Audio-Video Generationcited by 25
  5. 2025SongBloom: Coherent Song Generation via Interleaved Autoregressive Sketching and Diffusion Refinementcited by 23
  6. 2026DreamID-Omni: Unified Framework for Controllable Human-Centric Audio-Video Generationcited by 20
  7. 2025DiffRhythm 2: Efficient and High Fidelity Song Generation via Block Flow Matchingcited by 15
  8. 2025AudioGen-Omni: A Unified Multimodal Diffusion Transformer for Video-Synchronized Audio, Speech, and Song Generationcited by 12
  9. 2025Live Music Modelscited by 10
  10. 2025JAM: A Tiny Flow-based Song Generator with Fine-grained Controllability and Aesthetic Alignmentcited by 9
  11. 2025Music Arena: Live Evaluation for Text-to-Musiccited by 8
  12. 2026Muse: Towards Reproducible Long-Form Song Generation with Fine-Grained Style Controlcited by 8
38 more
  1. 2025SingMOS-Pro: An Comprehensive Benchmark for Singing Quality Assessmentcited by 7
  2. 2025Learning Interpretable Features in Audio Latent Spaces via Sparse Autoencoderscited by 7
  3. 2026MM-Sonate: Multimodal Controllable Audio-Video Generation with Zero-Shot Voice Cloningcited by 7
  4. 2026SongBench: A Fine-Grained Multi-Aspect Benchmark for Song Quality Assessmentcited by 7
  5. 2026OmniNFT: Modality-wise Omni Diffusion Reinforcement for Joint Audio-Video Generationcited by 7
  6. 2026LeVo 2: Stable and Melodious Song Generation via Hierarchical Representation Modeling and Progressive Post-Trainingcited by 6
  7. 2025InstructAudio: Unified speech and music generation with natural language instructioncited by 5
  8. 2026CMI-RewardBench: Evaluating Music Reward Models with Compositional Multimodal Instructioncited by 5
  9. 2026TADA! Tuning Audio Diffusion Models through Activation Steeringcited by 4
  10. 2026Improving Joint Audio-Video Generation with Cross-Modal Context Learningcited by 4
  11. 2026TuneJury: An Open Metric for Improving Music Generation Preference Alignmentcited by 4
  12. 2026Pushing the Frontier of Full-Song Generation: Hierarchical Autoregressive Planning Meets Flow-Matching Renderingcited by 4
  13. 2026LongCat-AudioDiT: High-Fidelity Diffusion Text-to-Speech in the Waveform Latent Spacecited by 3
  14. 2026AnyAudio-Judge: A Dynamic Rubric-Based Benchmark and Evaluator for Audio Instruction Followingcited by 3
  15. 2026SentinelBench: A Benchmark for Long-Running Monitoring Agentscited by 3
  16. 2025AnyAccomp: Generalizable Accompaniment Generation via Quantized Melodic Bottleneckcited by 2
  17. 2026UniTalking: A Unified Audio-Video Framework for Talking Portrait Generationcited by 2
  18. 2026V2M-Zero: Zero-Pair Time-Aligned Video-to-Music Generationcited by 2
  19. 2026Video-Robin: Autoregressive Diffusion Planning for Intent-Grounded Video-to-Music Generationcited by 2
  20. 2026UniSonate: A Unified Model for Speech, Music, and Sound Effect Generation with Text Instructionscited by 2
  21. 2026TMD-Bench: A Multi-Level Evaluation Paradigm for Music-Dance Co-Generationcited by 2
  22. 2025Towards Hallucination-Free Music: A Reinforcement Learning Preference Optimization Framework for Reliable Song Generationcited by 1
  23. 2026Identity as Presence: Towards Appearance and Voice Personalized Joint Audio-Video Generationcited by 1
  24. 2026Anysynth:Zero-Shot Instrument Cloning via In-Context Learning and Asymmetric Hierarchical Guidancecited by 1
  25. 2026StepAudio 3 Music Technical Reportcited by 1
  26. 2025TuneGenie: Reasoning-based LLM agents for preferential music generationcited by 0
  27. 2026SqueezeComposer: Temporal Speed-up is A Simple Trick for Long-form Music Composingcited by 0
  28. 2026Echoes: A semantically-aligned music deepfake detection datasetcited by 0
  29. 2026LaDA-Band: Language Diffusion Models for Vocal-to-Accompaniment Generationcited by 0
  30. 2026APEX: Large-scale Multi-task Aesthetic-Informed Popularity Prediction for AI-Generated Musiccited by 0
  31. 2026S2Accompanist: A Semantic-Aware and Structure-Guided Diffusion Model for Music Accompaniment Generationcited by 0
  32. 2026ImmersiveTTS: Environment-Aware Text-to-Speech with Multimodal Diffusion Transformer and Domain-Specific Representation Alignmentcited by 0
  33. 2026SegTune: Structured and Fine-Grained Control for Song Generationcited by 0
  34. 2026Towards Unified Song Generation and Singing Voice Conversion with Accompaniment Co-Generationcited by 0
  35. 2026MusicMark: A Robust Generative Watermarking Framework for Music Generationcited by 0
  36. 2026MPEcho: A Melody and Phoneme-Aware Generative Framework for Controllable Cover Song Generationcited by 0
  37. 2026MuseCritic: Learning Multi-Aspect Song Rewards through Natural-Language Aesthetic Critiquescited by 0
  38. 2026VIBE: Video Instruction-aligned Background music gEnerationcited by 0

50 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026ACE-Step 1.5: Pushing the Boundaries of Open-Source Music Generation
  2. 2025Auto-Regressive vs Flow-Matching: a Comparative Study of Modeling Paradigms for Text-to-Music Generation
  3. 2023JEN-1: Text-Guided Universal Music Generation with Omnidirectional Diffusion Models
  4. 2023JEN-1 Composer: A Unified Framework for High-Fidelity Multi-Track Music Generation
  5. 2025ProGress: Structured Music Generation via Graph Diffusion and Hierarchical Music Analysis
  6. 2023Mousai: Text-to-Music Generation with Long-Context Latent Diffusion
  7. 2023Efficient Neural Music Generation
  8. 2026Pitch-class Steering for Diffusion-based Music Generation via Latent-space Probes