Mega-TTS 2: Boosting Prompting Mechanisms for Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis
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Abstract (arXiv)
Zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS) aims to synthesize voices with unseen speech prompts, which significantly reduces the data and computation requirements for voice cloning by skipping the fine-tuning process. However, the prompting mechanisms of zero-shot TTS still face challenges in the following aspects: 1) previous works of zero-shot TTS are typically trained with single-sentence prompts, which significantly restricts their performance when the data is relatively sufficient during the inference stage. 2) The prosodic information in prompts is highly coupled with timbre, making it untransferable to each other. This paper introduces Mega-TTS 2, a generic prompting mechanism for zero-shot TTS, to tackle the aforementioned challenges. Specifically, we design a powerful acoustic autoencoder that separately encodes the prosody and timbre information into the compressed latent space while providing high-quality reconstructions. Then, we propose a multi-reference timbre encoder and a prosody latent language model (P-LLM) to extract useful information from multi-sentence prompts. We further leverage the probabilities derived from multiple P-LLM outputs to produce transferable and controllable prosody. Experimental results demonstrate that Mega-TTS 2 could not only synthesize identity-preserving speech with a short prompt of an unseen speaker from arbitrary sources but consistently outperform the fine-tuning method when the volume of data ranges from 10 seconds to 5 minutes. Furthermore, our method enables to transfer various speaking styles to the target timbre in a fine-grained and controlled manner. Audio samples can be found in https://boostprompt.github.io/boostprompt/.
Key facts. Cited by 41 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Jul 2023.
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 18; 2025: 19; 2026: 3.
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- 2024XTTS: a Massively Multilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Modelcited by 174
- 2024WavTokenizer: an Efficient Acoustic Discrete Codec Tokenizer for Audio Language Modelingcited by 124
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- 2025DiTAR: Diffusion Transformer Autoregressive Modeling for Speech Generationcited by 56
- 2025MegaTTS 3: Sparse Alignment Enhanced Latent Diffusion Transformer for Zero-Shot Speech Synthesiscited by 39
- 2023HierSpeech++: Bridging the Gap between Semantic and Acoustic Representation of Speech by Hierarchical Variational Inference for Zero-shot Speech Synthesiscited by 35
- 2024LLMs Meet Multimodal Generation and Editing: A Surveycited by 35
- 2024DiTTo-TTS: Diffusion Transformers for Scalable Text-to-Speech without Domain-Specific Factorscited by 31
- 2025LeVo: High-Quality Song Generation with Multi-Preference Alignmentcited by 23
- 2024FlashSpeech: Efficient Zero-Shot Speech Synthesiscited by 22
- 2024SimpleSpeech 2: Towards Simple and Efficient Text-to-Speech with Flow-based Scalar Latent Transformer Diffusion Modelscited by 17
29 more
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- 2024Making Flow-Matching-Based Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Laugh as You Likecited by 11
- 2025Pseudo-Autoregressive Neural Codec Language Models for Efficient Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Synthesiscited by 10
- 2024Mitigating Unauthorized Speech Synthesis for Voice Protectioncited by 8
- 2025SafeSpeech: Robust and Universal Voice Protection Against Malicious Speech Synthesiscited by 5
- 2025Discl-VC: Disentangled Discrete Tokens and In-Context Learning for Controllable Zero-Shot Voice Conversioncited by 5
- 2025Versatile Framework for Song Generation with Prompt-based Controlcited by 4
- 2025Voice Cloning: Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
- 2025Conan: A Chunkwise Online Network for Zero-Shot Adaptive Voice Conversioncited by 4
- 2025RASMALAI: Resources for Adaptive Speech Modeling in Indian Languages with Accents and Intonationscited by 3
- 2024Investigating Disentanglement in a Phoneme-level Speech Codec for Prosody Modelingcited by 1
- 2024Takin-VC: Expressive Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Adaptive Hybrid Content Encoding and Enhanced Timbre Modelingcited by 1
- 2024MultiVerse: Efficient and Expressive Zero-Shot Multi-Task Text-to-Speechcited by 1
- 2024Lina-Speech: Gated Linear Attention and Initial-State Tuning for Multi-Sample Prompting Text-To-Speech Synthesiscited by 1
- 2025SupertonicTTS: Towards Highly Efficient and Streamlined Text-to-Speech Systemcited by 1
- 2025Rhythm Controllable and Efficient Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Shortcut Flow Matchingcited by 1
- 2025Efficient Interleaved Speech Modeling through Knowledge Distillationcited by 1
- 2025Computational Narrative Understanding for Expressive Text-to-Speechcited by 1
- 2026OpenBibleTTS: Large-Scale Speech Resources and TTS Models for Low-Resource Languagescited by 1
- 2024Zero-Shot vs. Few-Shot Multi-Speaker TTS Using Pre-trained Czech SpeechT5 Modelcited by 0
- 2024Improving Robustness of Diffusion-Based Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis via Stable Formant Generationcited by 0
- 2024Speech Watermarking with Discrete Intermediate Representationscited by 0
- 2025Towards Lightweight and Stable Zero-shot TTS with Self-distilled Representation Disentanglementcited by 0
- 2025BatonVoice: An Operationalist Framework for Enhancing Controllable Speech Synthesis with Linguistic Intelligence from LLMscited by 0
- 2025PFEA: An LLM-based High-Level Natural Language Planning and Feedback Embodied Agent for Human-Centered AIcited by 0
- 2026VocalBridge: Latent Diffusion-Bridge Purification for Defeating Perturbation-Based Voiceprint Defensescited by 0
- 2026In-Context Adaptation of Encoder-Decoder Models in Speech Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026In-Context Adaptation of Encoder-Decoder Models in Speech Recognition27 Sep 2026
- 2026OpenBibleTTS: Large-Scale Speech Resources and TTS Models for Low-Resource Languages8 Jun 2026
- 2026VocalBridge: Latent Diffusion-Bridge Purification for Defeating Perturbation-Based Voiceprint Defenses5 Jan 2026
- 2025PFEA: An LLM-based High-Level Natural Language Planning and Feedback Embodied Agent for Human-Centered AI28 Oct 2025
- 2025BatonVoice: An Operationalist Framework for Enhancing Controllable Speech Synthesis with Linguistic Intelligence from LLMs30 Sep 2025
- 2025Computational Narrative Understanding for Expressive Text-to-Speech4 Sep 2025
- 2025Conan: A Chunkwise Online Network for Zero-Shot Adaptive Voice Conversion19 Jul 2025
- 2025Efficient Interleaved Speech Modeling through Knowledge Distillation30 Jun 2025
- 2025IndexTTS2: A Breakthrough in Emotionally Expressive and Duration-Controlled Auto-Regressive Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech23 Jun 2025
- 2025LeVo: High-Quality Song Generation with Multi-Preference Alignment9 Jun 2025
- 2025Rhythm Controllable and Efficient Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Shortcut Flow Matching1 Jun 2025
- 2025Discl-VC: Disentangled Discrete Tokens and In-Context Learning for Controllable Zero-Shot Voice Conversion30 May 2025
29 more
- 2025RASMALAI: Resources for Adaptive Speech Modeling in Indian Languages with Accents and Intonations24 May 2025
- 2025WavReward: Spoken Dialogue Models With Generalist Reward Evaluators14 May 2025
- 2025Voice Cloning: Comprehensive Survey1 May 2025
- 2025Versatile Framework for Song Generation with Prompt-based Control27 Apr 2025
- 2025Pseudo-Autoregressive Neural Codec Language Models for Efficient Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Synthesis14 Apr 2025
- 2025SafeSpeech: Robust and Universal Voice Protection Against Malicious Speech Synthesis14 Apr 2025
- 2025SupertonicTTS: Towards Highly Efficient and Streamlined Text-to-Speech System29 Mar 2025
- 2025MegaTTS 3: Sparse Alignment Enhanced Latent Diffusion Transformer for Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis26 Feb 2025
- 2025DiTAR: Diffusion Transformer Autoregressive Modeling for Speech Generation6 Feb 2025
- 2025Towards Lightweight and Stable Zero-shot TTS with Self-distilled Representation Disentanglement15 Jan 2025
- 2024Speech Watermarking with Discrete Intermediate Representations18 Dec 2024
- 2024Lina-Speech: Gated Linear Attention and Initial-State Tuning for Multi-Sample Prompting Text-To-Speech Synthesis30 Oct 2024
- 2024Mitigating Unauthorized Speech Synthesis for Voice Protection28 Oct 2024
- 2024MultiVerse: Efficient and Expressive Zero-Shot Multi-Task Text-to-Speech4 Oct 2024
- 2024Takin-VC: Expressive Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Adaptive Hybrid Content Encoding and Enhanced Timbre Modeling2 Oct 2024
- 2024Improving Robustness of Diffusion-Based Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis via Stable Formant Generation14 Sep 2024
- 2024Investigating Disentanglement in a Phoneme-level Speech Codec for Prosody Modeling13 Sep 2024
- 2024SongCreator: Lyrics-based Universal Song Generation9 Sep 2024
- 2024WavTokenizer: an Efficient Acoustic Discrete Codec Tokenizer for Audio Language Modeling29 Aug 2024
- 2024SimpleSpeech 2: Towards Simple and Efficient Text-to-Speech with Flow-based Scalar Latent Transformer Diffusion Models25 Aug 2024
- 2024PeriodWave: Multi-Period Flow Matching for High-Fidelity Waveform Generation14 Aug 2024
- 2024Zero-Shot vs. Few-Shot Multi-Speaker TTS Using Pre-trained Czech SpeechT5 Model24 Jul 2024
- 2024DiTTo-TTS: Diffusion Transformers for Scalable Text-to-Speech without Domain-Specific Factors17 Jun 2024
- 2024XTTS: a Massively Multilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Model7 Jun 2024
- 2024LLMs Meet Multimodal Generation and Editing: A Survey29 May 2024
- 2024FlashSpeech: Efficient Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis23 Apr 2024
- 2024VoiceCraft: Zero-Shot Speech Editing and Text-to-Speech in the Wild25 Mar 2024
- 2024Making Flow-Matching-Based Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Laugh as You Like12 Feb 2024
- 2023HierSpeech++: Bridging the Gap between Semantic and Acoustic Representation of Speech by Hierarchical Variational Inference for Zero-shot Speech Synthesis21 Nov 2023
- 2025DiTAR: Diffusion Transformer Autoregressive Modeling for Speech Generationcited by 56
- 2025MegaTTS 3: Sparse Alignment Enhanced Latent Diffusion Transformer for Zero-Shot Speech Synthesiscited by 39
- 2024DiTTo-TTS: Diffusion Transformers for Scalable Text-to-Speech without Domain-Specific Factorscited by 31
- 2024FlashSpeech: Efficient Zero-Shot Speech Synthesiscited by 22
- 2024SimpleSpeech 2: Towards Simple and Efficient Text-to-Speech with Flow-based Scalar Latent Transformer Diffusion Modelscited by 17
- 2024PeriodWave: Multi-Period Flow Matching for High-Fidelity Waveform Generationcited by 12
- 2025Rhythm Controllable and Efficient Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Shortcut Flow Matchingcited by 1
- 2024Improving Robustness of Diffusion-Based Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis via Stable Formant Generationcited by 0
- 2026VocalBridge: Latent Diffusion-Bridge Purification for Defeating Perturbation-Based Voiceprint Defensescited by 0
- 2026VocalBridge: Latent Diffusion-Bridge Purification for Defeating Perturbation-Based Voiceprint Defenses5 Jan 2026
- 2025Rhythm Controllable and Efficient Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Shortcut Flow Matching1 Jun 2025
- 2025MegaTTS 3: Sparse Alignment Enhanced Latent Diffusion Transformer for Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis26 Feb 2025
- 2025DiTAR: Diffusion Transformer Autoregressive Modeling for Speech Generation6 Feb 2025
- 2024Improving Robustness of Diffusion-Based Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis via Stable Formant Generation14 Sep 2024
- 2024SimpleSpeech 2: Towards Simple and Efficient Text-to-Speech with Flow-based Scalar Latent Transformer Diffusion Models25 Aug 2024
- 2024PeriodWave: Multi-Period Flow Matching for High-Fidelity Waveform Generation14 Aug 2024
- 2024DiTTo-TTS: Diffusion Transformers for Scalable Text-to-Speech without Domain-Specific Factors17 Jun 2024
- 2024FlashSpeech: Efficient Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis23 Apr 2024
- 2024XTTS: a Massively Multilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Modelcited by 174
- 2024WavTokenizer: an Efficient Acoustic Discrete Codec Tokenizer for Audio Language Modelingcited by 124
- 2024VoiceCraft: Zero-Shot Speech Editing and Text-to-Speech in the Wildcited by 118
- 2025IndexTTS2: A Breakthrough in Emotionally Expressive and Duration-Controlled Auto-Regressive Zero-Shot Text-to-Speechcited by 85
- 2023HierSpeech++: Bridging the Gap between Semantic and Acoustic Representation of Speech by Hierarchical Variational Inference for Zero-shot Speech Synthesiscited by 35
- 2024LLMs Meet Multimodal Generation and Editing: A Surveycited by 35
- 2024SongCreator: Lyrics-based Universal Song Generationcited by 12
- 2024Making Flow-Matching-Based Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Laugh as You Likecited by 11
- 2025Pseudo-Autoregressive Neural Codec Language Models for Efficient Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Synthesiscited by 10
- 2024Mitigating Unauthorized Speech Synthesis for Voice Protectioncited by 8
- 2025SafeSpeech: Robust and Universal Voice Protection Against Malicious Speech Synthesiscited by 5
- 2025Discl-VC: Disentangled Discrete Tokens and In-Context Learning for Controllable Zero-Shot Voice Conversioncited by 5
12 most cited of 29 All 29 (JSON)
- 2026In-Context Adaptation of Encoder-Decoder Models in Speech Recognition27 Sep 2026
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- 2025BatonVoice: An Operationalist Framework for Enhancing Controllable Speech Synthesis with Linguistic Intelligence from LLMs30 Sep 2025
- 2025Computational Narrative Understanding for Expressive Text-to-Speech4 Sep 2025
- 2025Conan: A Chunkwise Online Network for Zero-Shot Adaptive Voice Conversion19 Jul 2025
- 2025Efficient Interleaved Speech Modeling through Knowledge Distillation30 Jun 2025
- 2025IndexTTS2: A Breakthrough in Emotionally Expressive and Duration-Controlled Auto-Regressive Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech23 Jun 2025
- 2025Discl-VC: Disentangled Discrete Tokens and In-Context Learning for Controllable Zero-Shot Voice Conversion30 May 2025
- 2025RASMALAI: Resources for Adaptive Speech Modeling in Indian Languages with Accents and Intonations24 May 2025
- 2025Voice Cloning: Comprehensive Survey1 May 2025
- 2025Versatile Framework for Song Generation with Prompt-based Control27 Apr 2025
- 2025Pseudo-Autoregressive Neural Codec Language Models for Efficient Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Synthesis14 Apr 2025
12 newest of 29 All 29 (JSON)