mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

HMAD: Advancing E2E Driving with Anchored Offset Proposals and Simulation-Supervised Multi-target Scoring

arXiv 2505.23129 ↗First posted 29 May 2025cs.CVcited by 1

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → End-to-end system architecture

Abstract (arXiv)

End-to-end autonomous driving faces persistent challenges in both generating diverse, rule-compliant trajectories and robustly selecting the optimal path from these options via learned, multi-faceted evaluation. To address these challenges, we introduce HMAD, a framework integrating a distinctive Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) based trajectory proposal mechanism with learned multi-criteria scoring. HMAD leverages BEVFormer and employs learnable anchored queries, initialized from a trajectory dictionary and refined via iterative offset decoding (inspired by DiffusionDrive), to produce numerous diverse and stable candidate trajectories. A key innovation, our simulation-supervised scorer module, then evaluates these proposals against critical metrics including no at-fault collisions, drivable area compliance, comfortableness, and overall driving quality (i.e., extended PDM score). Demonstrating its efficacy, HMAD achieves a 44.5% driving score on the CVPR 2025 private test set. This work highlights the benefits of effectively decoupling robust trajectory generation from comprehensive, safety-aware learned scoring for advanced autonomous driving.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in End-to-end system architecture, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 20 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2025.

Builds on

20 of 25 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Centaur: Robust End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Test-Time Training14 Mar
  2. 2024NAVSIM: Data-Driven Non-Reactive Autonomous Vehicle Simulation and Benchmarking21 Jun
  3. 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehicles22 Jun
  4. 2021Multi-Modal Fusion Transformer for End-to-End Autonomous Driving19 Apr

Other references · 16

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,087
  3. 2023VAD: Vectorized Scene Representation for Efficient Autonomous Drivingcited by 622
  4. 2019Exploring the Limitations of Behavior Cloning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 346
  5. 2024DiffusionDrive: Truncated Diffusion Model for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 334
  6. 2024VADv2: End-to-End Vectorized Autonomous Driving via Probabilistic Planningcited by 289
  7. 2018Learning to Drive in a Daycited by 273
  8. 2024Hydra-MDP: End-to-end Multimodal Planning with Multi-target Hydra-Distillationcited by 249
  9. 2021End-to-End Urban Driving by Imitating a Reinforcement Learning Coachcited by 194
  10. 2024P-MapNet: Far-seeing Map Generator Enhanced by both SDMap and HDMap Priorscited by 54
  11. 2023STEPS: Joint Self-supervised Nighttime Image Enhancement and Depth Estimationcited by 37
  12. 2024Hint-AD: Holistically Aligned Interpretability in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 33
4 more
  1. 2022YOLOPv2: Better, Faster, Stronger for Panoptic Driving Perceptioncited by 26
  2. 2023From Semi-supervised to Omni-supervised Room Layout Estimation Using Point Cloudscited by 18
  3. 2023DQS3D: Densely-matched Quantization-aware Semi-supervised 3D Detectioncited by 16
  4. 2024Training-Free Model Merging for Multi-target Domain Adaptationcited by 15

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025ResAD: Normalized Residual Trajectory Modeling for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
  2. 2026SparseDriveV2: Scoring is All You Need for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
  3. 2026What Matters for Scalable and Robust Learning in End-to-End Driving Planners?
  4. 2025iPad: Iterative Proposal-centric End-to-End Autonomous Driving
  5. 2026DriveVer: Lightweight Trajectory Evaluator as Test-Time Verifier for Autonomous Driving
  6. 2026Driving on Registers, Reasoning on Risk: Risk-Aware Occupancy for Register-Based End-to-End Autonomous Driving
  7. 2026A Survey on End-to-End Autonomous Driving Training from the Perspectives of Data, Strategy, and Platform
  8. 2025DriveSuprim: Towards Precise Trajectory Selection for End-to-End Planning