Believing is Seeing: Unobserved Object Detection using Generative Models
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Can objects that are not visible in an image -- but are in the vicinity of the camera -- be detected? This study introduces the novel tasks of 2D, 2.5D and 3D unobserved object detection for predicting the location of nearby objects that are occluded or lie outside the image frame. We adapt several state-of-the-art pre-trained generative models to address this task, including 2D and 3D diffusion models and vision-language models, and show that they can be used to infer the presence of objects that are not directly observed. To benchmark this task, we propose a suite of metrics that capture different aspects of performance. Our empirical evaluation on indoor scenes from the RealEstate10k and NYU Depth v2 datasets demonstrate results that motivate the use of generative models for the unobserved object detection task.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 65 of its 94 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Oct 2024.
Builds on
65 of 94 references.
References · 65
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
- 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,639
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
- 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,414
- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,058
- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,355
38 more
- 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 6,054
- 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
- 2015You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 4,852
- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
- 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
- 2021Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text Supervisioncited by 3,864
- 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,348
- 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,584
- 2024Depth Anything V2cited by 1,422
- 2024Depth Anything: Unleashing the Power of Large-Scale Unlabeled Datacited by 1,360
- 2021Palette: Image-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1,300
- 2021Variational Diffusion Modelscited by 1,153
- 2015ORB-SLAM: a Versatile and Accurate Monocular SLAM Systemcited by 988
- 2023Vision-Language Models for Vision Tasks: A Surveycited by 839
- 2016ORB-SLAM2: an Open-Source SLAM System for Monocular, Stereo and RGB-D Camerascited by 806
- 2024SpatialVLM: Endowing Vision-Language Models with Spatial Reasoning Capabilitiescited by 706
- 2021DiffusionCLIP: Text-Guided Diffusion Models for Robust Image Manipulationcited by 642
- 2023DL3DV-10K: A Large-Scale Scene Dataset for Deep Learning-based 3D Visioncited by 537
- 2019Object Detection in 20 Years: A Surveycited by 531
- 2022Winoground: Probing Vision and Language Models for Visio-Linguistic Compositionalitycited by 529
- 2016Target-driven Visual Navigation in Indoor Scenes using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 366
- 20243D-VLA: A 3D Vision-Language-Action Generative World Modelcited by 328
- 2023Minigrid & Miniworld: Modular & Customizable Reinforcement Learning Environments for Goal-Oriented Taskscited by 327
- 2022Novel View Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 300
- 2023Generative Novel View Synthesis with 3D-Aware Diffusion Modelscited by 274
- 2023ViNT: A Foundation Model for Visual Navigationcited by 222
- 2024Global Structure-from-Motion Revisitedcited by 218
- 2020RoboTHOR: An Open Simulation-to-Real Embodied AI Platformcited by 193
- 2022CREPE: Can Vision-Language Foundation Models Reason Compositionally?cited by 181
- 2023DiffuScene: Denoising Diffusion Models for Generative Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 166
- 2022SinNeRF: Training Neural Radiance Fields on Complex Scenes from a Single Imagecited by 165
- 2022RenderDiffusion: Image Diffusion for 3D Reconstruction, Inpainting and Generationcited by 162
- 2021Vision-Only Robot Navigation in a Neural Radiance Worldcited by 155
- 2022GAUDI: A Neural Architect for Immersive 3D Scene Generationcited by 136
- 2023Diffusion with Forward Models: Solving Stochastic Inverse Problems Without Direct Supervisioncited by 112
- 2023ZeroNVS: Zero-Shot 360-Degree View Synthesis from a Single Imagecited by 111
- 2022Navigating to Objects in the Real Worldcited by 106
- 2015Semantic Amodal Segmentationcited by 103
50 most cited of 65 All 65 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2025World-in-World: World Models in a Closed-Loop Worldcited by 47
- 2025MatterDoor: Sampling Zero-shot Spatio-semantic Priors using Generative Modelscited by 1
- 2025Extreme Amodal Face Detectioncited by 0
- 2026FlatLands: Generative Floormap Completion From a Single Egocentric Viewcited by 0
- 2026FlatLands: Generative Floormap Completion From a Single Egocentric View16 Mar 2026
- 2025World-in-World: World Models in a Closed-Loop World20 Oct 2025
- 2025MatterDoor: Sampling Zero-shot Spatio-semantic Priors using Generative Models13 Oct 2025
- 2025Extreme Amodal Face Detection8 Oct 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023Gen2Det: Generate to Detect
- 2026Generative Verification: Rethinking the Uncertainty Signal for Active Learning of Object Detection
- 2022DiffusionDet: Diffusion Model for Object Detection
- 2025FlowDet: Unifying Object Detection and Generative Transport Flows
- 2024Imagining the Unseen: Generative Location Modeling for Object Placement
- 2026Out-of-Distribution Object Detection in Street Scenes via Synthetic Outlier Exposure and Transfer Learning
- 2026Probing the 3D Object-Level Understanding of Pre-Trained Detection Transformers
- 2026GenDet: Painting Colored Bounding Boxes on Images via Diffusion Model for Object Detection