mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Benchmarking and Improving Detail Image Caption

arXiv 2405.19092 ↗First posted 29 May 2024cs.CVcited by 81

Not on the map. Why?

Cited by 37 in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Image captioning has long been regarded as a fundamental task in visual understanding. Recently, however, few large vision-language model (LVLM) research discusses model's image captioning performance because of the outdated short-caption benchmarks and unreliable evaluation metrics. In this work, we propose to benchmark detail image caption task by curating high-quality evaluation datasets annotated by human experts, GPT-4V and Gemini-1.5-Pro. We also design a more reliable caption evaluation metric called CAPTURE (CAPtion evaluation by exTracting and coUpling coRE information). CAPTURE extracts visual elements, e.g., objects, attributes and relations from captions, and then matches these elements through three stages, achieving the highest consistency with expert judgements over other rule-based or model-based caption metrics. The proposed benchmark and metric provide reliable evaluation for LVLM's detailed image captioning ability. Guided by this evaluation, we further explore to unleash LVLM's detail caption capabilities by synthesizing high-quality data through a five-stage data construction pipeline. Our pipeline only uses a given LVLM itself and other open-source tools, without any human or GPT-4V annotation in the loop. Experiments show that the proposed data construction strategy significantly improves model-generated detail caption data quality for LVLMs with leading performance, and the data quality can be further improved in a self-looping paradigm. All code and dataset will be publicly available at https://github.com/foundation-multimodal-models/CAPTURE.

Key facts. Cited by 81 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2024.

Builds on

43 of 59 references.

References · 43

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  3. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  4. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
  5. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  6. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
  7. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,234
  8. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
  9. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
  10. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
  11. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,565
  12. 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,424
31 more
  1. 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,141
  2. 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
  3. 2014CIDEr: Consensus-based Image Description Evaluationcited by 2,046
  4. 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,729
  5. 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1,652
  6. 2021LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairscited by 1,555
  7. 2015Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Servercited by 1,462
  8. 2023MM-Vet: Evaluating Large Multimodal Models for Integrated Capabilitiescited by 1,239
  9. 2021Conceptual 12M: Pushing Web-Scale Image-Text Pre-Training To Recognize Long-Tail Visual Conceptscited by 1,216
  10. 2022Reproducible scaling laws for contrastive language-image learningcited by 1,173
  11. 2024How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suitescited by 1,050
  12. 2023ShareGPT4V: Improving Large Multi-Modal Models with Better Captionscited by 1,005
  13. 2023SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehensioncited by 940
  14. 2024Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?cited by 914
  15. 2015Generation and Comprehension of Unambiguous Object Descriptionscited by 904
  16. 2018VizWiz Grand Challenge: Answering Visual Questions from Blind Peoplecited by 858
  17. 2016SPICE: Semantic Propositional Image Caption Evaluationcited by 824
  18. 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 708
  19. 2023GLaMM: Pixel Grounding Large Multimodal Modelcited by 455
  20. 2018nocaps: novel object captioning at scalecited by 444
  21. 2024Mini-Gemini: Mining the Potential of Multi-modality Vision Language Modelscited by 365
  22. 2023Monkey: Image Resolution and Text Label Are Important Things for Large Multi-modal Modelscited by 357
  23. 2023Scaling Open-Vocabulary Object Detectioncited by 343
  24. 2024InternLM-XComposer2: Mastering Free-form Text-Image Composition and Comprehension in Vision-Language Large Modelcited by 326
  25. 2024ALLaVA: Harnessing GPT4V-Synthesized Data for Lite Vision-Language Modelscited by 205
  26. 2023The All-Seeing Project: Towards Panoptic Visual Recognition and Understanding of the Open Worldcited by 116
  27. 2024The All-Seeing Project V2: Towards General Relation Comprehension of the Open Worldcited by 90
  28. 2023Positive-Augmented Contrastive Learning for Image and Video Captioning Evaluationcited by 78
  29. 2023FACTUAL: A Benchmark for Faithful and Consistent Textual Scene Graph Parsingcited by 50
  30. 2021Document Collection Visual Question Answeringcited by 45
  31. 2022Mutual Information Divergence: A Unified Metric for Multimodal Generative Modelscited by 35

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 48; 2026: 26.

81 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025VisuLogic: A Benchmark for Evaluating Visual Reasoning in Multi-modal Large Language Modelscited by 107
  2. 2025VGR: Visual Grounded Reasoningcited by 73
  3. 2025Traceable Evidence Enhanced Visual Grounded Reasoning: Evaluation and Methodologycited by 69
  4. 2025Scalable Vision Language Model Training via High Quality Data Curationcited by 55
  5. 2025CapArena: Benchmarking and Analyzing Detailed Image Captioning in the LLM Eracited by 41
  6. 2024Benchmarking Large Vision-Language Models via Directed Scene Graph for Comprehensive Image Captioningcited by 31
  7. 2025CAPability: A Comprehensive Visual Caption Benchmark for Evaluating Both Correctness and Thoroughnesscited by 25
  8. 2025Painting with Words: Elevating Detailed Image Captioning with Benchmark and Alignment Learningcited by 25
  9. 2025Cycle Consistency as Reward: Learning Image-Text Alignment without Human Preferencescited by 22
  10. 2025When Visualizing is the First Step to Reasoning: MIRA, a Benchmark for Visual Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 21
  11. 2025OmniCaptioner: One Captioner to Rule Them Allcited by 20
  12. 2024Positive-Augmented Contrastive Learning for Vision-and-Language Evaluation and Trainingcited by 16
38 more
  1. 2025SC-Captioner: Improving Image Captioning with Self-Correction by Reinforcement Learningcited by 16
  2. 2025Top-Down Semantic Refinement for Image Captioningcited by 16
  3. 2025ScaleCap: Inference-Time Scalable Image Captioning via Dual-Modality Debiasingcited by 15
  4. 2025CaptionQA: Is Your Caption as Useful as the Image Itself?cited by 15
  5. 2024BRIDGE: Bridging Gaps in Image Captioning Evaluation with Stronger Visual Cuescited by 13
  6. 2025Perception in Reflectioncited by 13
  7. 2025COCONut-PanCap: Joint Panoptic Segmentation and Grounded Captions for Fine-Grained Understanding and Generationcited by 12
  8. 2025Patch Matters: Training-free Fine-grained Image Caption Enhancement via Local Perceptioncited by 12
  9. 2024Chimera: Improving Generalist Model with Domain-Specific Expertscited by 11
  10. 2025DiffusionVL: Translating Any Autoregressive Models into Diffusion Vision Language Modelscited by 10
  11. 2025From Denoising to Refining: A Corrective Framework for Vision-Language Diffusion Modelcited by 9
  12. 2026RubiCap: Rubric-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Dense Image Captioningcited by 9
  13. 20254D-Bench: Benchmarking Multi-modal Large Language Models for 4D Object Understandingcited by 8
  14. 2025PLPHP: Per-Layer Per-Head Vision Token Pruning for Efficient Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 6
  15. 2025Panoptic Captioning: An Equivalence Bridge for Image and Textcited by 6
  16. 2025AnyCap Project: A Unified Framework, Dataset, and Benchmark for Controllable Omni-modal Captioningcited by 5
  17. 2025CapGeo-Bench: Decoupling Visual Perception from Reasoning and Evaluating Geometric Understandingcited by 5
  18. 2025Harnessing Caption Detailness for Data-Efficient Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4
  19. 2025Exploring The Visual Feature Space for Multimodal Neural Decodingcited by 4
  20. 2025RICO: Improving Accuracy and Completeness in Image Recaptioning via Visual Reconstructioncited by 4
  21. 2025SAILViT: Towards Robust and Generalizable Visual Backbones for MLLMs via Gradual Feature Refinementcited by 4
  22. 2025Enhancing the Outcome Reward-based RL Training of MLLMs with Self-Consistency Samplingcited by 4
  23. 2026TangramPuzzle: Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models with Compositional Spatial Reasoningcited by 4
  24. 2024VisGraphVar: A Benchmark Generator for Assessing Variability in Graph Analysis Using Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 3
  25. 2025GETReason: Enhancing Image Context Extraction through Hierarchical Multi-Agent Reasoningcited by 3
  26. 2025Image Corruption-Inspired Membership Inference Attacks against Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 3
  27. 2025AdaLRS: Loss-Guided Adaptive Learning Rate Search for Efficient Foundation Model Pretrainingcited by 3
  28. 2025RL makes MLLMs see better than SFTcited by 3
  29. 2026FineVAU: A Novel Human-Aligned Benchmark for Fine-Grained Video Anomaly Understandingcited by 3
  30. 2026ClaimDiff-RL: Fine-Grained Caption Reinforcement Learning through Visual Claim Comparisoncited by 3
  31. 2025Streamline Without Sacrifice -- Squeeze out Computation Redundancy in LMMcited by 2
  32. 2025Unblocking Fine-Grained Evaluation of Detailed Captions: An Explaining AutoRater and Critic-and-Revise Pipelinecited by 2
  33. 2025Multigranular Evaluation for Brain Visual Decodingcited by 2
  34. 2025SPECS: Specificity-Enhanced CLIP-Score for Long Image Caption Evaluationcited by 2
  35. 2025ColorBlindnessEval: Can Vision-Language Models Pass Color Blindness Tests?cited by 2
  36. 2025Review of Hallucination Understanding in Large Language and Vision Modelscited by 2
  37. 2025Improving Region Representation Learning from Urban Imagery with Noisy Long-Caption Supervisioncited by 2
  38. 2026DetailVerifyBench: A Benchmark for Dense Hallucination Localization in Long Image Captionscited by 2

50 most cited of 81 All 81 (JSON)

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026ITIScore: An Image-to-Text-to-Image Rating Framework for the Image Captioning Ability of MLLMs
  2. 2024Vision Language Model-based Caption Evaluation Method Leveraging Visual Context Extraction
  3. 2025LOTUS: A Leaderboard for Detailed Image Captioning from Quality to Societal Bias and User Preferences
  4. 2025VELA: An LLM-Hybrid-as-a-Judge Approach for Evaluating Long Image Captions
  5. 2025Image Captioning Evaluation in the Age of Multimodal LLMs: Challenges and Future Perspectives
  6. 2023A Picture is Worth More Than 77 Text Tokens: Evaluating CLIP-Style Models on Dense Captions
  7. 2026VIVECaption: A Split Approach to Caption Quality Improvement
  8. 2026BEiTScore: Reference-free Image Captioning Evaluation with an Efficient Cross-Encoder Model