The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Pre-Trained Features for Camera Pose Refinement
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Abstract (arXiv)
Pose refinement is an interesting and practically relevant research direction. Pose refinement can be used to (1) obtain a more accurate pose estimate from an initial prior (e.g., from retrieval), (2) as pre-processing, i.e., to provide a better starting point to a more expensive pose estimator, (3) as post-processing of a more accurate localizer. Existing approaches focus on learning features / scene representations for the pose refinement task. This involves training an implicit scene representation or learning features while optimizing a camera pose-based loss. A natural question is whether training specific features / representations is truly necessary or whether similar results can be already achieved with more generic features. In this work, we present a simple approach that combines pre-trained features with a particle filter and a renderable representation of the scene. Despite its simplicity, it achieves state-of-the-art results, demonstrating that one can easily build a pose refiner without the need for specific training. The code is at https://github.com/ga1i13o/mcloc_poseref
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 61 of its 120 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Apr 2024.
Builds on
61 of 120 references.
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50 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 11; 2026: 6.
21 papers.
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- 2024GS-CPR: Efficient Camera Pose Refinement via 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 31
- 2025Gaussian Splatting Feature Fields for Privacy-Preserving Visual Localizationcited by 10
- 2025A Guide to Structureless Visual Localizationcited by 9
- 2024LoGS: Visual Localization via Gaussian Splatting with Fewer Training Imagescited by 5
- 2025LoD-Loc v2: Aerial Visual Localization over Low Level-of-Detail City Models using Explicit Silhouette Alignmentcited by 5
- 2025GSVisLoc: Generalizable Visual Localization for Gaussian Splatting Scene Representationscited by 5
- 2024Visual Localization in 3D Maps: Comparing Point Cloud, Mesh, and NeRF Representationscited by 4
- 2024Adversarial Exploitation of Data Diversity Improves Visual Localizationcited by 4
- 2025To Match or Not to Match: Revisiting Image Matching for Reliable Visual Place Recognitioncited by 3
- 2025Can we make NeRF-based visual localization privacy-preserving?cited by 3
- 2025AlignDiff: Learning Physically-Grounded Camera Alignment via Diffusioncited by 2
- 2025AstroLoc: Robust Space to Ground Image Localizercited by 1
9 more
- 2025Camera Pose Refinement via 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2025GRLoc: Geometric Representation Regression for Visual Localizationcited by 1
- 2026ImLoc: Revisiting Visual Localization with Image-based Representationcited by 1
- 2026Rethinking Pose Refinement in 3D Gaussian Splatting under Pose Prior and Geometric Uncertaintycited by 1
- 2025AlignPose: Generalizable 6D Pose Estimation via Multi-view Feature-metric Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026L3:Scene-agnostic Visual Localization in the Wildcited by 0
- 2026LoD-Loc v3: Generalized Aerial Localization in Dense Cities using Instance Silhouette Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026SemCityLoc: Aerial 6DoF Localization Using Semantic 3D City Modelscited by 0
- 2026FoundYou: A Unified Model for Personalized Segmentation and Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026FoundYou: A Unified Model for Personalized Segmentation and Retrieval30 Aug 2026
- 2026SemCityLoc: Aerial 6DoF Localization Using Semantic 3D City Models25 Jun 2026
- 2026LoD-Loc v3: Generalized Aerial Localization in Dense Cities using Instance Silhouette Alignment20 Mar 2026
- 2026Rethinking Pose Refinement in 3D Gaussian Splatting under Pose Prior and Geometric Uncertainty17 Mar 2026
- 2026L3:Scene-agnostic Visual Localization in the Wild9 Mar 2026
- 2026ImLoc: Revisiting Visual Localization with Image-based Representation7 Jan 2026
- 2025AlignPose: Generalizable 6D Pose Estimation via Multi-view Feature-metric Alignment23 Dec 2025
- 2025GRLoc: Geometric Representation Regression for Visual Localization17 Nov 2025
- 2025Can we make NeRF-based visual localization privacy-preserving?26 Aug 2025
- 2025GSVisLoc: Generalizable Visual Localization for Gaussian Splatting Scene Representations25 Aug 2025
- 2025Camera Pose Refinement via 3D Gaussian Splatting25 Aug 2025
- 2025Gaussian Splatting Feature Fields for Privacy-Preserving Visual Localization31 Jul 2025
9 more
- 2025LoD-Loc v2: Aerial Visual Localization over Low Level-of-Detail City Models using Explicit Silhouette Alignment1 Jul 2025
- 2025A Guide to Structureless Visual Localization24 Apr 2025
- 2025To Match or Not to Match: Revisiting Image Matching for Reliable Visual Place Recognition8 Apr 2025
- 2025AlignDiff: Learning Physically-Grounded Camera Alignment via Diffusion27 Mar 2025
- 2025AstroLoc: Robust Space to Ground Image Localizer10 Feb 2025
- 2024Adversarial Exploitation of Data Diversity Improves Visual Localization28 Nov 2024
- 2024LoGS: Visual Localization via Gaussian Splatting with Fewer Training Images15 Oct 2024
- 2024Visual Localization in 3D Maps: Comparing Point Cloud, Mesh, and NeRF Representations21 Aug 2024
- 2024GS-CPR: Efficient Camera Pose Refinement via 3D Gaussian Splatting20 Aug 2024
- 2024GS-CPR: Efficient Camera Pose Refinement via 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 31
- 2025Gaussian Splatting Feature Fields for Privacy-Preserving Visual Localizationcited by 10
- 2025A Guide to Structureless Visual Localizationcited by 9
- 2024LoGS: Visual Localization via Gaussian Splatting with Fewer Training Imagescited by 5
- 2025LoD-Loc v2: Aerial Visual Localization over Low Level-of-Detail City Models using Explicit Silhouette Alignmentcited by 5
- 2025GSVisLoc: Generalizable Visual Localization for Gaussian Splatting Scene Representationscited by 5
- 2024Visual Localization in 3D Maps: Comparing Point Cloud, Mesh, and NeRF Representationscited by 4
- 2024Adversarial Exploitation of Data Diversity Improves Visual Localizationcited by 4
- 2025To Match or Not to Match: Revisiting Image Matching for Reliable Visual Place Recognitioncited by 3
- 2025Can we make NeRF-based visual localization privacy-preserving?cited by 3
- 2025AlignDiff: Learning Physically-Grounded Camera Alignment via Diffusioncited by 2
- 2025AstroLoc: Robust Space to Ground Image Localizercited by 1
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026FoundYou: A Unified Model for Personalized Segmentation and Retrieval30 Aug 2026
- 2026SemCityLoc: Aerial 6DoF Localization Using Semantic 3D City Models25 Jun 2026
- 2026LoD-Loc v3: Generalized Aerial Localization in Dense Cities using Instance Silhouette Alignment20 Mar 2026
- 2026Rethinking Pose Refinement in 3D Gaussian Splatting under Pose Prior and Geometric Uncertainty17 Mar 2026
- 2026L3:Scene-agnostic Visual Localization in the Wild9 Mar 2026
- 2026ImLoc: Revisiting Visual Localization with Image-based Representation7 Jan 2026
- 2025AlignPose: Generalizable 6D Pose Estimation via Multi-view Feature-metric Alignment23 Dec 2025
- 2025GRLoc: Geometric Representation Regression for Visual Localization17 Nov 2025
- 2025Can we make NeRF-based visual localization privacy-preserving?26 Aug 2025
- 2025GSVisLoc: Generalizable Visual Localization for Gaussian Splatting Scene Representations25 Aug 2025
- 2025Camera Pose Refinement via 3D Gaussian Splatting25 Aug 2025
- 2025Gaussian Splatting Feature Fields for Privacy-Preserving Visual Localization31 Jul 2025
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)