mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

A Design Space for Intelligent and Interactive Writing Assistants

arXiv 2403.14117 ↗First posted 21 Mar 2024cs.HC cs.CLcited by 76

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Abstract (arXiv)

In our era of rapid technological advancement, the research landscape for writing assistants has become increasingly fragmented across various research communities. We seek to address this challenge by proposing a design space as a structured way to examine and explore the multidimensional space of intelligent and interactive writing assistants. Through a large community collaboration, we explore five aspects of writing assistants: task, user, technology, interaction, and ecosystem. Within each aspect, we define dimensions (i.e., fundamental components of an aspect) and codes (i.e., potential options for each dimension) by systematically reviewing 115 papers. Our design space aims to offer researchers and designers a practical tool to navigate, comprehend, and compare the various possibilities of writing assistants, and aid in the envisioning and design of new writing assistants.

Key facts. Cited by 76 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 83 of its 274 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Mar 2024.

Builds on

83 of 274 references.

References · 83

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  3. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
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38 more
  1. 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,579
  2. 2014On the Properties of Neural Machine Translation: Encoder-Decoder Approachescited by 1,303
  3. 2020BLEURT: Learning Robust Metrics for Text Generationcited by 1,196
  4. 2021Persistent Anti-Muslim Bias in Large Language Modelscited by 376
  5. 2023The Curse of Recursion: Training on Generated Data Makes Models Forgetcited by 343
  6. 2021All That's 'Human' Is Not Gold: Evaluating Human Evaluation of Generated Textcited by 287
  7. 2022CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilitiescited by 245
  8. 2022Co-Writing Screenplays and Theatre Scripts with Language Models: An Evaluation by Industry Professionalscited by 191
  9. 2023Does Writing with Language Models Reduce Content Diversity?cited by 190
  10. 2023Co-Writing with Opinionated Language Models Affects Users' Viewscited by 145
  11. 2024Homogenization Effects of Large Language Models on Human Creative Ideationcited by 127
  12. 2020Enabling Language Models to Fill in the Blankscited by 121
  13. 2023AI Transparency in the Age of LLMs: A Human-Centered Research Roadmapcited by 119
  14. 2022Human heuristics for AI-generated language are flawedcited by 104
  15. 2023Regulating ChatGPT and other Large Generative AI Modelscited by 102
  16. 2019Encode, Tag, Realize: High-Precision Text Editingcited by 99
  17. 2019Gmail Smart Compose: Real-Time Assisted Writingcited by 97
  18. 2021Sparks: Inspiration for Science Writing using Language Modelscited by 80
  19. 2022Do Language Models Plagiarize?cited by 72
  20. 2022Help me write a poem: Instruction Tuning as a Vehicle for Collaborative Poetry Writingcited by 71
  21. 2022Creative Writing with an AI-Powered Writing Assistant: Perspectives from Professional Writerscited by 69
  22. 2023CoEdIT: Text Editing by Task-Specific Instruction Tuningcited by 67
  23. 2023RewriteLM: An Instruction-Tuned Large Language Model for Text Rewritingcited by 67
  24. 2023Graphologue: Exploring Large Language Model Responses with Interactive Diagramscited by 65
  25. 2021The Impact of Multiple Parallel Phrase Suggestions on Email Input and Composition Behaviour of Native and Non-Native English Writerscited by 61
  26. 2022Data Feedback Loops: Model-driven Amplification of Dataset Biasescited by 59
  27. 2020Felix: Flexible Text Editing Through Tagging and Insertioncited by 58
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  31. 2016Smart Reply: Automated Response Suggestion for Emailcited by 54
  32. 2022Beyond Text Generation: Supporting Writers with Continuous Automatic Text Summariescited by 47
  33. 2022Read, Revise, Repeat: A System Demonstration for Human-in-the-loop Iterative Text Revisioncited by 46
  34. 2019Plan, Write, and Revise: an Interactive System for Open-Domain Story Generationcited by 43
  35. 2021FRUIT: Faithfully Reflecting Updated Information in Textcited by 39
  36. 2023Choice Over Control: How Users Write with Large Language Models using Diegetic and Non-Diegetic Promptingcited by 36
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  38. 2023ARIES: A Corpus of Scientific Paper Edits Made in Response to Peer Reviewscited by 34

50 most cited of 83 All 83 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 18; 2025: 34; 2026: 24.

76 papers.

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  1. 2024Mapping the Increasing Use of LLMs in Scientific Paperscited by 112
  2. 2024Building Machines that Learn and Think with Peoplecited by 73
  3. 2024Aligning LLM Agents by Learning Latent Preference from User Editscited by 66
  4. 2024Can AI writing be salvaged? Mitigating Idiosyncrasies and Improving Human-AI Alignment in the Writing Process through Editscited by 49
  5. 2024Cocoa: Co-Planning and Co-Execution with AI Agentscited by 38
  6. 2024How Far Are We From AGI: Are LLMs All We Need?cited by 31
  7. 2025On Benchmarking Human-Like Intelligence in Machinescited by 24
  8. 2025AI-Slop to AI-Polish? Aligning Language Models through Edit-Based Writing Rewards and Test-time Computationcited by 24
  9. 2024Patchview: LLM-Powered Worldbuilding with Generative Dust and Magnet Visualizationcited by 23
  10. 2025Is Your Paper Being Reviewed by an LLM? Benchmarking AI Text Detection in Peer Reviewcited by 18
  11. 2025Understanding the LLM-ification of CHI: Unpacking the Impact of LLMs at CHI through a Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 16
  12. 2024Position: Towards Bidirectional Human-AI Alignmentcited by 15
38 more
  1. 2025Co-Writing with AI, on Human Terms: Aligning Research with User Demands Across the Writing Processcited by 14
  2. 2024Collage is the New Writing: Exploring the Fragmentation of Text and User Interfaces in AI Toolscited by 13
  3. 2025Which Contributions Deserve Credit? Perceptions of Attribution in Human-AI Co-Creationcited by 13
  4. 2024How Does the Disclosure of AI Assistance Affect the Perceptions of Writing?cited by 12
  5. 2025ProPerSim: Developing Proactive and Personalized AI Assistants through User-Assistant Simulationcited by 10
  6. 2024The Dearth of the Author in AI-Supported Writingcited by 9
  7. 2025ArtMentor: AI-Assisted Evaluation of Artworks to Explore Multimodal Large Language Models Capabilitiescited by 9
  8. 2025SPHERE: An Evaluation Card for Human-AI Systemscited by 9
  9. 2026Can Good Writing Be Generative? Expert-Level AI Writing Emerges through Fine-Tuning on High-Quality Bookscited by 9
  10. 2025Writing as a testbed for open ended agentscited by 8
  11. 2025Where Do I 'Add the Egg'?: Exploring Agency and Ownership in AI Creative Co-Writing Systemscited by 7
  12. 2024ScriptViz: A Visualization Tool to Aid Scriptwriting based on a Large Movie Databasecited by 6
  13. 2025Toyteller: AI-powered Visual Storytelling Through Toy-Playing with Character Symbolscited by 6
  14. 2024ExploreSelf: Fostering User-driven Exploration and Reflection on Personal Challenges with Adaptive Guidance by Large Language Modelscited by 5
  15. 2025Generative AI Uses and Risks for Knowledge Workers in a Science Organizationcited by 5
  16. 2025CorpusStudio: Surfacing Emergent Patterns in a Corpus of Prior Work while Writingcited by 5
  17. 2025Penalizing Transparency? How AI Disclosure and Author Demographics Shape Human and AI Judgments About Writingcited by 5
  18. 2025Collaborative Document Editing with Multiple Users and AI Agentscited by 5
  19. 2025PaperDebugger: A Plugin-Based Multi-Agent System for In-Editor Academic Writing, Review, and Editingcited by 5
  20. 2024Gazelle: An Instruction Dataset for Arabic Writing Assistancecited by 4
  21. 2025Automatic Input Rewriting Improves Translation with Large Language Modelscited by 4
  22. 2025Phraselette: A Poet's Procedural Palettecited by 4
  23. 2025StorySage: Conversational Autobiography Writing Powered by a Multi-Agent Frameworkcited by 4
  24. 2025Constella: Supporting Storywriters' Interconnected Character Creation through LLM-based Multi-Agentscited by 4
  25. 2026Reactive Writers: How Co-Writing with AI Changes How We Engage with Ideascited by 4
  26. 2026Narrix: Remixing Narrative Strategies from Examples for Story Writingcited by 4
  27. 2025JRE-L: Journalist, Reader, and Editor LLMs in the Loop for Science Journalism for the General Audiencecited by 3
  28. 2025RONA: Pragmatically Diverse Image Captioning with Coherence Relationscited by 3
  29. 2025Towards AI-assisted Academic Writingcited by 3
  30. 2025"The Diagram is like Guardrails": Structuring GenAI-assisted Hypotheses Exploration with an Interactive Shared Representationcited by 3
  31. 2024Deceptive Patterns of Intelligent and Interactive Writing Assistantscited by 2
  32. 2025Advances in Artificial Intelligence: A Review for the Creative Industriescited by 2
  33. 2025The AI Memory Gap: Users Misremember What They Created With AI or Withoutcited by 2
  34. 2026Vidmento: Creating Video Stories Through Context-Aware Expansion With Generative Videocited by 2
  35. 2026Texterial: A Text-as-Material Interaction Paradigm for LLM-Mediated Writingcited by 2
  36. 2026Improving Attributed Long-form Question Answering with Intent Awarenesscited by 2
  37. 2025Exploring Mobile Touch Interaction with Large Language Modelscited by 1
  38. 2025Comparing Native and Non-native English Speakers' Behaviors in Collaborative Writing through Visual Analyticscited by 1

50 most cited of 76 All 76 (JSON)