mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Airavata: Introducing Hindi Instruction-tuned LLM

arXiv 2401.15006 ↗First posted 26 Jan 2024cs.CL cs.AIcited by 32

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

We announce the initial release of "Airavata," an instruction-tuned LLM for Hindi. Airavata was created by fine-tuning OpenHathi with diverse, instruction-tuning Hindi datasets to make it better suited for assistive tasks. Along with the model, we also share the IndicInstruct dataset, which is a collection of diverse instruction-tuning datasets to enable further research for Indic LLMs. Additionally, we present evaluation benchmarks and a framework for assessing LLM performance across tasks in Hindi. Currently, Airavata supports Hindi, but we plan to expand this to all 22 scheduled Indic languages. You can access all artifacts at https://ai4bharat.github.io/airavata.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jan 2024.

Builds on

27 of 38 references.

References · 27

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  3. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
  4. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
  5. 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,886
  6. 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,100
  7. 2022Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 3,720
  8. 2023Mistral 7Bcited by 3,164
  9. 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 3,024
  10. 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,975
  11. 2019BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questionscited by 2,183
  12. 2022No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translationcited by 1,312
15 more
  1. 2023Enhancing Chat Language Models by Scaling High-quality Instructional Conversationscited by 839
  2. 2023The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuningcited by 739
  3. 2023OpenAssistant Conversations -- Democratizing Large Language Model Alignmentcited by 721
  4. 2021The FLORES-101 Evaluation Benchmark for Low-Resource and Multilingual Machine Translationcited by 560
  5. 2023Zephyr: Direct Distillation of LM Alignmentcited by 506
  6. 2023LMSYS-Chat-1M: A Large-Scale Real-World LLM Conversation Datasetcited by 461
  7. 2023MEGA: Multilingual Evaluation of Generative AIcited by 293
  8. 2022OPT-IML: Scaling Language Model Instruction Meta Learning through the Lens of Generalizationcited by 236
  9. 2023IndicTrans2: Towards High-Quality and Accessible Machine Translation Models for all 22 Scheduled Indian Languagescited by 152
  10. 2022Towards Leaving No Indic Language Behind: Building Monolingual Corpora, Benchmark and Models for Indic Languagescited by 102
  11. 2023Bactrian-X: Multilingual Replicable Instruction-Following Models with Low-Rank Adaptationcited by 81
  12. 2023PolyLM: An Open Source Polyglot Large Language Modelcited by 64
  13. 2022IndicNLG Benchmark: Multilingual Datasets for Diverse NLG Tasks in Indic Languagescited by 42
  14. 2023An Empirical Study of Metrics to Measure Representational Harms in Pre-Trained Language Modelscited by 24
  15. 2022HateCheckHIn: Evaluating Hindi Hate Speech Detection Modelscited by 15

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 13; 2025: 13; 2026: 6.

32 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024IndicGenBench: A Multilingual Benchmark to Evaluate Generation Capabilities of LLMs on Indic Languagescited by 56
  2. 2024IndicLLMSuite: A Blueprint for Creating Pre-training and Fine-Tuning Datasets for Indian Languagescited by 52
  3. 2024PARIKSHA: A Large-Scale Investigation of Human-LLM Evaluator Agreement on Multilingual and Multi-Cultural Datacited by 37
  4. 2024TRUCE: Private Benchmarking to Prevent Contamination and Improve Comparative Evaluation of LLMscited by 24
  5. 2024INDIC QA BENCHMARK: A Multilingual Benchmark to Evaluate Question Answering capability of LLMs for Indic Languagescited by 24
  6. 2025NileChat: Towards Linguistically Diverse and Culturally Aware LLMs for Local Communitiescited by 13
  7. 2025One Tokenizer To Rule Them All: Emergent Language Plasticity via Multilingual Tokenizerscited by 12
  8. 2024SUTRA: Scalable Multilingual Language Model Architecturecited by 11
  9. 2024Aurora-M: Open Source Continual Pre-training for Multilingual Language and Codecited by 10
  10. 2025Krutrim LLM: Multilingual Foundational Model for over a Billion Peoplecited by 10
  11. 2025Chitrarth: Bridging Vision and Language for a Billion Peoplecited by 10
  12. 2025Llama-3-Nanda-10B-Chat: An Open Generative Large Language Model for Hindicited by 10
20 more
  1. 2025Crowdsource, Crawl, or Generate? Creating SEA-VL, a Multicultural Vision-Language Dataset for Southeast Asiacited by 9
  2. 2024A Three-Pronged Approach to Cross-Lingual Adaptation with Multilingual LLMscited by 6
  3. 2025Chitranuvad: Adapting Multi-Lingual LLMs for Multimodal Translationcited by 6
  4. 2024Paramanu: Compact and Competitive Monolingual Language Models for Low-Resource Morphologically Rich Indian Languagescited by 5
  5. 2024Multilingual Mathematical Reasoning: Advancing Open-Source LLMs in Hindi and Englishcited by 5
  6. 2025Chandomitra: Towards Generating Structured Sanskrit Poetry from Natural Language Inputscited by 5
  7. 2025Multilingual Tokenization through the Lens of Indian Languages: Challenges and Insightscited by 2
  8. 2025AMBEDKAR-A Multi-level Bias Elimination through a Decoding Approach with Knowledge Augmentation for Robust Constitutional Alignment of Language Modelscited by 2
  9. 2025BhashaKritika: Building Synthetic Pretraining Data at Scale for Indic Languagescited by 2
  10. 2026BrahmicTokenizer-131K: An Indic-Capable Drop-In Replacement for o200k_basecited by 2
  11. 2024Suvach -- Generated Hindi QA benchmarkcited by 1
  12. 2025Faster Machine Translation Ensembling with Reinforcement Learning and Competitive Correctioncited by 1
  13. 2025UrduLLaMA 1.0: Dataset Curation, Preprocessing, and Evaluation in Low-Resource Settingscited by 1
  14. 2026Buy versus Build an LLM: A Decision Framework for Governmentscited by 1
  15. 2024SUKHSANDESH: An Avatar Therapeutic Question Answering Platform for Sexual Education in Rural Indiacited by 0
  16. 2024Multilingual Non-Factoid Question Answering with Answer Paragraph Selectioncited by 0
  17. 2026IndRegBias: A Dataset for Studying Indian Regional Biases in English and Code-Mixed Social Media Commentscited by 0
  18. 2026Chitrakshara: A Large Multilingual Multimodal Dataset for Indian languagescited by 0
  19. 2026HiMed: Incentivizing Hindi Reasoning in Medical LLMscited by 0
  20. 2026Rethinking Indic AI from a Lens of Cultural Heritage Preservationcited by 0