HateCheckHIn: Evaluating Hindi Hate Speech Detection Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
Due to the sheer volume of online hate, the AI and NLP communities have started building models to detect such hateful content. Recently, multilingual hate is a major emerging challenge for automated detection where code-mixing or more than one language have been used for conversation in social media. Typically, hate speech detection models are evaluated by measuring their performance on the held-out test data using metrics such as accuracy and F1-score. While these metrics are useful, it becomes difficult to identify using them where the model is failing, and how to resolve it. To enable more targeted diagnostic insights of such multilingual hate speech models, we introduce a set of functionalities for the purpose of evaluation. We have been inspired to design this kind of functionalities based on real-world conversation on social media. Considering Hindi as a base language, we craft test cases for each functionality. We name our evaluation dataset HateCheckHIn. To illustrate the utility of these functionalities , we test state-of-the-art transformer based m-BERT model and the Perspective API.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Apr 2022.
Builds on
14 of 34 references.
References · 14
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2020Beyond Accuracy: Behavioral Testing of NLP models with CheckListcited by 979
- 2017Automated Hate Speech Detection and the Problem of Offensive Languagecited by 724
- 2020HateXplain: A Benchmark Dataset for Explainable Hate Speech Detectioncited by 403
- 2020HateCheck: Functional Tests for Hate Speech Detection Modelscited by 215
- 2019SemEval-2019 Task 6: Identifying and Categorizing Offensive Language in Social Media (OffensEval)cited by 206
- 2018Hate Speech Dataset from a White Supremacy Forumcited by 196
- 2019Predictive Biases in Natural Language Processing Models: A Conceptual Framework and Overviewcited by 137
- 2020Offensive Language Identification in Greekcited by 49
- 2019Offensive Language and Hate Speech Detection for Danishcited by 48
- 2019Tackling Online Abuse: A Survey of Automated Abuse Detection Methodscited by 33
- 2020Hostility Detection Dataset in Hindicited by 31
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 4.
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- 2024Airavata: Introducing Hindi Instruction-tuned LLMcited by 32
- 2024BanTH: A Multi-label Hate Speech Detection Dataset for Transliterated Banglacited by 10
- 2022A Graph-Based Context-Aware Model to Understand Online Conversationscited by 7
- 2023Evaluating ChatGPT's Performance for Multilingual and Emoji-based Hate Speech Detectioncited by 6
- 2024LlamaLens: Specialized Multilingual LLM for Analyzing News and Social Media Contentcited by 6
- 2024Decoding the Diversity: A Review of the Indic AI Research Landscapecited by 4
- 2024Improving code-mixed hate detection by native sample mixing: A case study for Hindi-English code-mixed scenariocited by 2
- 2024Revealing the impact of synthetic native samples and multi-tasking strategies in Hindi-English code-mixed humour and sarcasm detectioncited by 2
- 2025Rethinking Hate Speech Detection on Social Media: Can LLMs Replace Traditional Models?cited by 2
- 2026Multilingual Hate Speech Detection and Counterspeech Generation: A Comprehensive Survey and Practical Guidecited by 1
- 2026Bye Bye Perspective API: Lessons for Building and Governing Measurement Infrastructurecited by 1
- 2025Think Outside the Data: Colonial Biases and Systemic Issues in Automated Moderation Pipelines for Low-Resource Languagescited by 0
3 more
- 2025Leveraging the Potential of Prompt Engineering for Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languagescited by 0
- 2026TeamHerald@CHIPSAL 2026: Hate Speech Detection and Sentiment Analysis of Nepali Memes using Transformer-based Architectures and Ensemble Learningcited by 0
- 2026Used, Mentioned, or Condemned? A Controlled Contrast-Set Diagnostic for the Use-Mention Distinction in Code-Mixed Hinglish Misogyny Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Used, Mentioned, or Condemned? A Controlled Contrast-Set Diagnostic for the Use-Mention Distinction in Code-Mixed Hinglish Misogyny Detection6 Sep 2026
- 2026TeamHerald@CHIPSAL 2026: Hate Speech Detection and Sentiment Analysis of Nepali Memes using Transformer-based Architectures and Ensemble Learning7 Jun 2026
- 2026Bye Bye Perspective API: Lessons for Building and Governing Measurement Infrastructure28 Apr 2026
- 2026Multilingual Hate Speech Detection and Counterspeech Generation: A Comprehensive Survey and Practical Guide1 Mar 2026
- 2025Leveraging the Potential of Prompt Engineering for Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languages30 Jun 2025
- 2025Rethinking Hate Speech Detection on Social Media: Can LLMs Replace Traditional Models?15 Jun 2025
- 2025Think Outside the Data: Colonial Biases and Systemic Issues in Automated Moderation Pipelines for Low-Resource Languages23 Jan 2025
- 2024Revealing the impact of synthetic native samples and multi-tasking strategies in Hindi-English code-mixed humour and sarcasm detection17 Dec 2024
- 2024LlamaLens: Specialized Multilingual LLM for Analyzing News and Social Media Content20 Oct 2024
- 2024BanTH: A Multi-label Hate Speech Detection Dataset for Transliterated Bangla17 Oct 2024
- 2024Decoding the Diversity: A Review of the Indic AI Research Landscape13 Jun 2024
- 2024Improving code-mixed hate detection by native sample mixing: A case study for Hindi-English code-mixed scenario31 May 2024
3 more
- 2024Airavata: Introducing Hindi Instruction-tuned LLMcited by 32
- 2024BanTH: A Multi-label Hate Speech Detection Dataset for Transliterated Banglacited by 10
- 2022A Graph-Based Context-Aware Model to Understand Online Conversationscited by 7
- 2023Evaluating ChatGPT's Performance for Multilingual and Emoji-based Hate Speech Detectioncited by 6
- 2024LlamaLens: Specialized Multilingual LLM for Analyzing News and Social Media Contentcited by 6
- 2024Decoding the Diversity: A Review of the Indic AI Research Landscapecited by 4
- 2024Improving code-mixed hate detection by native sample mixing: A case study for Hindi-English code-mixed scenariocited by 2
- 2024Revealing the impact of synthetic native samples and multi-tasking strategies in Hindi-English code-mixed humour and sarcasm detectioncited by 2
- 2026Multilingual Hate Speech Detection and Counterspeech Generation: A Comprehensive Survey and Practical Guidecited by 1
- 2026Bye Bye Perspective API: Lessons for Building and Governing Measurement Infrastructurecited by 1
- 2025Leveraging the Potential of Prompt Engineering for Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languagescited by 0
- 2026TeamHerald@CHIPSAL 2026: Hate Speech Detection and Sentiment Analysis of Nepali Memes using Transformer-based Architectures and Ensemble Learningcited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Used, Mentioned, or Condemned? A Controlled Contrast-Set Diagnostic for the Use-Mention Distinction in Code-Mixed Hinglish Misogyny Detection6 Sep 2026
- 2026TeamHerald@CHIPSAL 2026: Hate Speech Detection and Sentiment Analysis of Nepali Memes using Transformer-based Architectures and Ensemble Learning7 Jun 2026
- 2026Bye Bye Perspective API: Lessons for Building and Governing Measurement Infrastructure28 Apr 2026
- 2026Multilingual Hate Speech Detection and Counterspeech Generation: A Comprehensive Survey and Practical Guide1 Mar 2026
- 2025Leveraging the Potential of Prompt Engineering for Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languages30 Jun 2025
- 2024Revealing the impact of synthetic native samples and multi-tasking strategies in Hindi-English code-mixed humour and sarcasm detection17 Dec 2024
- 2024LlamaLens: Specialized Multilingual LLM for Analyzing News and Social Media Content20 Oct 2024
- 2024BanTH: A Multi-label Hate Speech Detection Dataset for Transliterated Bangla17 Oct 2024
- 2024Decoding the Diversity: A Review of the Indic AI Research Landscape13 Jun 2024
- 2024Improving code-mixed hate detection by native sample mixing: A case study for Hindi-English code-mixed scenario31 May 2024
- 2024Airavata: Introducing Hindi Instruction-tuned LLM26 Jan 2024
- 2023Evaluating ChatGPT's Performance for Multilingual and Emoji-based Hate Speech Detection22 May 2023
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)