INDIC QA BENCHMARK: A Multilingual Benchmark to Evaluate Question Answering capability of LLMs for Indic Languages
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well on unseen tasks in English, but their abilities in non English languages are less explored due to limited benchmarks and training data. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Indic QA Benchmark, a large dataset for context grounded question answering in 11 major Indian languages, covering both extractive and abstractive tasks. Evaluations of multilingual LLMs, including instruction finetuned versions, revealed weak performance in low resource languages due to a strong English language bias in their training data. We also investigated the Translate Test paradigm,where inputs are translated to English for processing and the results are translated back into the source language for output. This approach outperformed multilingual LLMs, particularly in low resource settings. By releasing Indic QA, we aim to promote further research into LLMs question answering capabilities in low resource languages. This benchmark offers a critical resource to address existing limitations and foster multilingual understanding.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Jul 2024.
Builds on
25 of 37 references.
References · 25
- 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
- 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,767
- 2016SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Textcited by 4,115
- 2019Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scalecited by 3,907
- 2023Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 2,185
- 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 1,968
- 2018Know What You Don't Know: Unanswerable Questions for SQuADcited by 1,538
- 2021BEIR: A Heterogenous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Modelscited by 1,225
- 2024M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillationcited by 1,050
- 2023The RefinedWeb Dataset for Falcon LLM: Outperforming Curated Corpora with Web Data, and Web Data Onlycited by 755
- 2019Latent Retrieval for Weakly Supervised Open Domain Question Answeringcited by 691
- 2019On the Cross-lingual Transferability of Monolingual Representationscited by 575
13 more
- 2019MLQA: Evaluating Cross-lingual Extractive Question Answeringcited by 339
- 2023IndicTrans2: Towards High-Quality and Accessible Machine Translation Models for all 22 Scheduled Indian Languagescited by 149
- 2020XOR QA: Cross-lingual Open-Retrieval Question Answeringcited by 121
- 2024Aya 23: Open Weight Releases to Further Multilingual Progresscited by 121
- 2021mMARCO: A Multilingual Version of the MS MARCO Passage Ranking Datasetcited by 116
- 2022Towards Leaving No Indic Language Behind: Building Monolingual Corpora, Benchmark and Models for Indic Languagescited by 99
- 2023Do Multilingual Language Models Think Better in English?cited by 87
- 2024IndicGenBench: A Multilingual Benchmark to Evaluate Generation Capabilities of LLMs on Indic Languagescited by 55
- 2024IndicLLMSuite: A Blueprint for Creating Pre-training and Fine-Tuning Datasets for Indian Languagescited by 52
- 2024Airavata: Introducing Hindi Instruction-tuned LLMcited by 32
- 2021English Machine Reading Comprehension Datasets: A Surveycited by 26
- 2024Breaking the Language Barrier: Can Direct Inference Outperform Pre-Translation in Multilingual LLM Applications?cited by 12
- 2022On the Role of Parallel Data in Cross-lingual Transfer Learningcited by 11
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 13; 2026: 7.
24 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2024Adapting Multilingual LLMs to Low-Resource Languages using Continued Pre-training and Synthetic Corpuscited by 24
- 2024L3Cube-IndicQuest: A Benchmark Question Answering Dataset for Evaluating Knowledge of LLMs in Indic Contextcited by 10
- 2024Evaluating Tokenizer Performance of Large Language Models Across Official Indian Languagescited by 10
- 2025Bhaasha, Bhasa, Zaban: A Survey for Low-Resourced Languages in South Asia -- Current Stage and Challengescited by 6
- 2025PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Modelcited by 5
- 2025Script Gap: Evaluating LLM Triage on Indian Languages in Native vs Romanized Scripts in a Real World Settingcited by 5
- 2025IndicSQuAD: A Comprehensive Multilingual Question Answering Dataset for Indic Languagescited by 4
- 2025Multilingual State Space Models for Structured Question Answering in Indic Languagescited by 3
- 2025ParamBench: A Graduate-Level Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Understanding on Indic Subjectscited by 2
- 2025Benchmarking Hindi LLMs: A New Suite of Datasets and a Comparative Analysiscited by 2
- 2025IndicParam: Benchmark to evaluate LLMs on low-resource Indic Languagescited by 2
- 2025Long-context Non-factoid Question Answering in Indic Languagescited by 1
12 more
- 2025ELR-1000: A Community-Generated Dataset for Endangered Indic Indigenous Languagescited by 1
- 2026Language Models Entangle Language and Culturecited by 1
- 2024OmniEvalKit: A Modular, Lightweight Toolbox for Evaluating Large Language Model and its Omni-Extensionscited by 0
- 2025Eka-Eval: An Evaluation Framework for Low-Resource Multilingual Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2025Adapting Small Language Models to Low-Resource Domains: A Case Study in Hindi Tourism QAcited by 0
- 2025Tourism Question Answer System in Indian Language using Domain-Adapted Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026LittiChoQA: Literary Texts in Indic Languages Chosen for Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026A P=aninian Foundation for Indic Language Processingcited by 0
- 2026L3Cube-IndicQuest v2: A Large-Scale Multilingual Benchmark for Evaluating Factual Knowledge of Large Language Models Across Indic Languagescited by 0
- 2026Gurukul AI: An Interactive AI-Driven Educational Platform for Indian Education Systemcited by 0
- 2026MMTClinic: Multimodal, Multilingual Time Series Question Answering and Reasoning Benchmark for Clinical Domaincited by 0
- 2026V=akQA: A Benchmark and Evaluation Study for Telugu Spoken Factoid Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026V=akQA: A Benchmark and Evaluation Study for Telugu Spoken Factoid Question Answering17 Sep 2026
- 2026MMTClinic: Multimodal, Multilingual Time Series Question Answering and Reasoning Benchmark for Clinical Domain4 Sep 2026
- 2026L3Cube-IndicQuest v2: A Large-Scale Multilingual Benchmark for Evaluating Factual Knowledge of Large Language Models Across Indic Languages16 Aug 2026
- 2026Gurukul AI: An Interactive AI-Driven Educational Platform for Indian Education System18 Jul 2026
- 2026A P=aninian Foundation for Indic Language Processing23 Jun 2026
- 2026Language Models Entangle Language and Culture20 Jan 2026
- 2026LittiChoQA: Literary Texts in Indic Languages Chosen for Question Answering6 Jan 2026
- 2025Script Gap: Evaluating LLM Triage on Indian Languages in Native vs Romanized Scripts in a Real World Setting11 Dec 2025
- 2025ELR-1000: A Community-Generated Dataset for Endangered Indic Indigenous Languages30 Nov 2025
- 2025IndicParam: Benchmark to evaluate LLMs on low-resource Indic Languages29 Nov 2025
- 2025Tourism Question Answer System in Indian Language using Domain-Adapted Foundation Models28 Nov 2025
- 2025Adapting Small Language Models to Low-Resource Domains: A Case Study in Hindi Tourism QA29 Oct 2025
12 more
- 2025Bhaasha, Bhasa, Zaban: A Survey for Low-Resourced Languages in South Asia -- Current Stage and Challenges15 Sep 2025
- 2025Benchmarking Hindi LLMs: A New Suite of Datasets and a Comparative Analysis27 Aug 2025
- 2025ParamBench: A Graduate-Level Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Understanding on Indic Subjects22 Aug 2025
- 2025PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model16 Jul 2025
- 2025Eka-Eval: An Evaluation Framework for Low-Resource Multilingual Large Language Models2 Jul 2025
- 2025IndicSQuAD: A Comprehensive Multilingual Question Answering Dataset for Indic Languages6 May 2025
- 2025Long-context Non-factoid Question Answering in Indic Languages18 Apr 2025
- 2025Multilingual State Space Models for Structured Question Answering in Indic Languages1 Feb 2025
- 2024OmniEvalKit: A Modular, Lightweight Toolbox for Evaluating Large Language Model and its Omni-Extensions9 Dec 2024
- 2024Evaluating Tokenizer Performance of Large Language Models Across Official Indian Languages19 Nov 2024
- 2024Adapting Multilingual LLMs to Low-Resource Languages using Continued Pre-training and Synthetic Corpus18 Oct 2024
- 2024L3Cube-IndicQuest: A Benchmark Question Answering Dataset for Evaluating Knowledge of LLMs in Indic Context13 Sep 2024
- 2024L3Cube-IndicQuest: A Benchmark Question Answering Dataset for Evaluating Knowledge of LLMs in Indic Contextcited by 10
- 2024Evaluating Tokenizer Performance of Large Language Models Across Official Indian Languagescited by 10
- 2025Bhaasha, Bhasa, Zaban: A Survey for Low-Resourced Languages in South Asia -- Current Stage and Challengescited by 6
- 2025PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Modelcited by 5
- 2025Script Gap: Evaluating LLM Triage on Indian Languages in Native vs Romanized Scripts in a Real World Settingcited by 5
- 2025IndicSQuAD: A Comprehensive Multilingual Question Answering Dataset for Indic Languagescited by 4
- 2025Multilingual State Space Models for Structured Question Answering in Indic Languagescited by 3
- 2025ParamBench: A Graduate-Level Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Understanding on Indic Subjectscited by 2
- 2025Benchmarking Hindi LLMs: A New Suite of Datasets and a Comparative Analysiscited by 2
- 2025IndicParam: Benchmark to evaluate LLMs on low-resource Indic Languagescited by 2
- 2025Long-context Non-factoid Question Answering in Indic Languagescited by 1
- 2025ELR-1000: A Community-Generated Dataset for Endangered Indic Indigenous Languagescited by 1
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2026V=akQA: A Benchmark and Evaluation Study for Telugu Spoken Factoid Question Answering17 Sep 2026
- 2026L3Cube-IndicQuest v2: A Large-Scale Multilingual Benchmark for Evaluating Factual Knowledge of Large Language Models Across Indic Languages16 Aug 2026
- 2026Gurukul AI: An Interactive AI-Driven Educational Platform for Indian Education System18 Jul 2026
- 2026A P=aninian Foundation for Indic Language Processing23 Jun 2026
- 2026Language Models Entangle Language and Culture20 Jan 2026
- 2026LittiChoQA: Literary Texts in Indic Languages Chosen for Question Answering6 Jan 2026
- 2025Script Gap: Evaluating LLM Triage on Indian Languages in Native vs Romanized Scripts in a Real World Setting11 Dec 2025
- 2025ELR-1000: A Community-Generated Dataset for Endangered Indic Indigenous Languages30 Nov 2025
- 2025IndicParam: Benchmark to evaluate LLMs on low-resource Indic Languages29 Nov 2025
- 2025Tourism Question Answer System in Indian Language using Domain-Adapted Foundation Models28 Nov 2025
- 2025Adapting Small Language Models to Low-Resource Domains: A Case Study in Hindi Tourism QA29 Oct 2025
- 2025Bhaasha, Bhasa, Zaban: A Survey for Low-Resourced Languages in South Asia -- Current Stage and Challenges15 Sep 2025
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)