FlexMap: Robust HD Map Construction under Flexible Camera Configurations
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Abstract (arXiv)
High-definition (HD) maps provide essential semantic information about road structures for autonomous driving, but existing HD map construction methods typically require calibrated multi-camera rigs and explicit 2D-to-BEV transformations. Such pipelines degrade when camera views are missing or pose estimates are inaccurate, limiting their use across heterogeneous fleet configurations. We introduce FlexMap, a vectorized HD mapping framework that adapts to varying camera configurations without architectural changes or per-configuration retraining and does not require camera parameters as model input. FlexMap replaces explicit geometric projection with a geometry foundation model that encodes cross-view 3D structure. A spatial-temporal enhancement module then separates cross-view spatial reasoning from temporal aggregation, while a camera-aware decoder uses the token produced for each input view to adapt its attention without camera poses. Experiments on nuScenes and Argoverse 2 show that FlexMap outperforms pose-dependent baselines using estimated poses and maintains comparable accuracy across all evaluated camera configurations, including those with missing views.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Jan 2026.
Builds on
37 of 42 references.
References · 37
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,764
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
- 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,410
- 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,526
- 2025VGGT: Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 1,475
- 2022BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformerscited by 1,213
- 2022BEVFusion: Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion with Unified Bird's-Eye View Representationcited by 844
- 2023Argoverse 2: Next Generation Datasets for Self-Driving Perception and Forecastingcited by 701
- 2022MapTR: Structured Modeling and Learning for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 311
- 2025MapAnything: Universal Feed-Forward Metric 3D Reconstructioncited by 295
- 2021HDMapNet: An Online HD Map Construction and Evaluation Frameworkcited by 280
- 2022Cross-view Transformers for real-time Map-view Semantic Segmentationcited by 264
25 more
- 2022VectorMapNet: End-to-end Vectorized HD Map Learningcited by 243
- 2021FIERY: Future Instance Prediction in Bird's-Eye View from Surround Monocular Camerascited by 239
- 2023MapTRv2: An End-to-End Framework for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 192
- 2023StreamMapNet: Streaming Mapping Network for Vectorized Online HD Map Constructioncited by 143
- 2021Urban Driver: Learning to Drive from Real-world Demonstrations Using Policy Gradientscited by 122
- 2023Benchmarking Robustness of 3D Object Detection to Common Corruptions in Autonomous Drivingcited by 112
- 2023PivotNet: Vectorized Pivot Learning for End-to-end HD Map Constructioncited by 84
- 2022Efficient and Robust 2D-to-BEV Representation Learning via Geometry-guided Kernel Transformercited by 80
- 2024HIMap: HybrId Representation Learning for End-to-end Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 48
- 2024Leveraging Enhanced Queries of Point Sets for Vectorized Map Constructioncited by 46
- 2024Stream Query Denoising for Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 43
- 2023Online Vectorized HD Map Construction using Geometrycited by 42
- 2023Understanding the Robustness of 3D Object Detection with Bird's-Eye-View Representations in Autonomous Drivingcited by 37
- 2024Is Your HD Map Constructor Reliable under Sensor Corruptions?cited by 28
- 2022Deep Interactive Motion Prediction and Planning: Playing Games with Motion Prediction Modelscited by 27
- 2024The RoboDrive Challenge: Drive Anytime Anywhere in Any Conditioncited by 23
- 2025DVGT: Driving Visual Geometry Transformercited by 20
- 2023MetaBEV: Solving Sensor Failures for BEV Detection and Map Segmentationcited by 14
- 2024Unveiling the Hidden: Online Vectorized HD Map Construction with Clip-Level Token Interaction and Propagationcited by 12
- 2025SafeMap: Robust HD Map Construction from Incomplete Observationscited by 12
- 2025What Really Matters for Robust Multi-Sensor HD Map Construction?cited by 9
- 2025InteractionMap: Improving Online Vectorized HDMap Construction with Interactioncited by 8
- 2024High Definition Map Mapping and Update: A General Overview and Future Directionscited by 7
- 2025VGD: Visual Geometry Gaussian Splatting for Feed-Forward Surround-view Driving Reconstructioncited by 7
- 2025RTMap: Real-Time Recursive Mapping with Change Detection and Localizationcited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
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- 2024MemFusionMap: Working Memory Fusion for Online Vectorized HD Map Construction
- 2024Neural HD Map Generation from Multiple Vectorized Tiles Locally Produced by Autonomous Vehicles
- 2025Goal-Based Vision-Language Driving
- 2024Online Temporal Fusion for Vectorized Map Construction in Mapless Autonomous Driving
- 2025RoadSceneBench: A Lightweight Benchmark for Mid-Level Road Scene Understanding