Diffusion Policies for Out-of-Distribution Generalization in Offline Reinforcement Learning
On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion and flow policies for robotics
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Abstract (arXiv)
Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods leverage previous experiences to learn better policies than the behavior policy used for data collection. However, they face challenges handling distribution shifts due to the lack of online interaction during training. To this end, we propose a novel method named State Reconstruction for Diffusion Policies (SRDP) that incorporates state reconstruction feature learning in the recent class of diffusion policies to address the problem of out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. Our method promotes learning of generalizable state representation to alleviate the distribution shift caused by OOD states. To illustrate the OOD generalization and faster convergence of SRDP, we design a novel 2D Multimodal Contextual Bandit environment and realize it on a 6-DoF real-world UR10 robot, as well as in simulation, and compare its performance with prior algorithms. In particular, we show the importance of the proposed state reconstruction via ablation studies. In addition, we assess the performance of our model on standard continuous control benchmarks (D4RL), namely the navigation of an 8-DoF ant and forward locomotion of half-cheetah, hopper, and walker2d, achieving state-of-the-art results. Finally, we demonstrate that our method can achieve 167% improvement over the competing baseline on a sparse continuous control navigation task where various regions of the state space are removed from the offline RL dataset, including the region encapsulating the goal.
Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and flow policies for robotics, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 38 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Jul 2023.
Builds on
38 of 56 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusion7 Mar
- 2022Diffusion Policies as an Expressive Policy Class for Offline Reinforcement Learning12 Aug
Other references · 36
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- 2020Offline Reinforcement Learning: Tutorial, Review, and Perspectives on Open Problemscited by 1,873
- 2020Conservative Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,777
- 2015Deep Reinforcement Learning with Double Q-learningcited by 1,704
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- 2019Generalization in Transfer Learningcited by 6
- 2023Rethinking Real-world Image Deraining via An Unpaired Degradation-Conditioned Diffusion Modelcited by 6
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 10; 2025: 18; 2026: 10.
40 papers.
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- 2024Diffusion-based Reinforcement Learning via Q-weighted Variational Policy Optimizationcited by 99
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- 2026Dreaming the Unseen: World Model-regularized Diffusion Policy for Out-of-Distribution Robustness22 Mar 2026
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- 2026Q-learning with Adjoint Matching20 Jan 2026
- 2026Contractive Diffusion Policies: Robust Action Diffusion via Contractive Score-Based Sampling with Differential Equations2 Jan 2026
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- 2025Diffusion Guidance Is a Controllable Policy Improvement Operator29 May 2025
- 2025Enhanced DACER Algorithm with High Diffusion Efficiency29 May 2025
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- 2025Prior-Guided Diffusion Planning for Offline Reinforcement Learning16 May 2025
- 2025Adaptive Diffusion Policy Optimization for Robotic Manipulation13 May 2025
- 2025CHD: Coupled Hierarchical Diffusion for Long-Horizon Tasks12 May 2025
- 2025Diffusion Models for Robotic Manipulation: A Survey11 Apr 2025
- 2025Flow Q-Learning4 Feb 2025
- 2024Are Expressive Models Truly Necessary for Offline RL?15 Dec 2024
- 2024Solving Continual Offline RL through Selective Weights Activation on Aligned Spaces21 Oct 2024
- 2024Diff-DAgger: Uncertainty Estimation with Diffusion Policy for Robotic Manipulation18 Oct 2024
- 2024Diffusion-based Episodes Augmentation for Offline Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning23 Aug 2024
- 2024DISCO: Language-Guided Manipulation with Diffusion Policies and Constrained Inpainting14 Jun 2024
- 2024Preferred-Action-Optimized Diffusion Policies for Offline Reinforcement Learning29 May 2024
- 2024Diffusion-based Reinforcement Learning via Q-weighted Variational Policy Optimization25 May 2024
- 2024Diffusion Meets DAgger: Supercharging Eye-in-hand Imitation Learning27 Feb 2024
- 2024Deep Generative Models for Offline Policy Learning: Tutorial, Survey, and Perspectives on Future Directions21 Feb 2024
- 2024Contrastive Diffuser: Planning Towards High Return States via Contrastive Learning5 Feb 2024
- 2023Diffusion Models for Reinforcement Learning: A Survey2 Nov 2023
- 2023Efficient Planning with Latent Diffusion30 Sep 2023
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- 2024Diff-DAgger: Uncertainty Estimation with Diffusion Policy for Robotic Manipulationcited by 29
- 2025GenPO: Generative Diffusion Models Meet On-Policy Reinforcement Learningcited by 16
- 2025Prior-Guided Diffusion Planning for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 13
- 2025Enhanced DACER Algorithm with High Diffusion Efficiencycited by 13
- 2023Efficient Planning with Latent Diffusioncited by 11
- 2024DISCO: Language-Guided Manipulation with Diffusion Policies and Constrained Inpaintingcited by 8
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
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- 2026Entropy-Regularized Adjoint Matching for Offline Reinforcement Learning7 May 2026
- 2026Training-Free Adaptation of Diffusion Models via Doob's h-Transform18 Feb 2026
- 2026Q-learning with Adjoint Matching20 Jan 2026
- 2026Contractive Diffusion Policies: Robust Action Diffusion via Contractive Score-Based Sampling with Differential Equations2 Jan 2026
- 2025Iterative Refinement of Flow Policies in Probability Space for Online Reinforcement Learning17 Oct 2025
- 2025Diffusion Bridge or Flow Matching? A Unifying Framework and Comparative Analysis29 Sep 2025
- 2025Steering Your Diffusion Policy with Latent Space Reinforcement Learning18 Jun 2025
- 2025Enhanced DACER Algorithm with High Diffusion Efficiency29 May 2025
- 2025GenPO: Generative Diffusion Models Meet On-Policy Reinforcement Learning24 May 2025
- 2025Prior-Guided Diffusion Planning for Offline Reinforcement Learning16 May 2025
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2025Diffusion Guidance Is a Controllable Policy Improvement Operatorcited by 51
- 2024Diffusion Meets DAgger: Supercharging Eye-in-hand Imitation Learningcited by 34
- 2025Scaling Offline RL via Efficient and Expressive Shortcut Modelscited by 27
- 2024Deep Generative Models for Offline Policy Learning: Tutorial, Survey, and Perspectives on Future Directionscited by 20
- 2025Unleashing Flow Policies with Distributional Criticscited by 7
- 2024Solving Continual Offline RL through Selective Weights Activation on Aligned Spacescited by 6
- 2024Contrastive Diffuser: Planning Towards High Return States via Contrastive Learningcited by 1
- 2026Improving Diffusion Planners by Self-Supervised Action Gating with Energiescited by 1
- 2024Are Expressive Models Truly Necessary for Offline RL?cited by 0
- 2025Decision Flow Policy Optimizationcited by 0
- 2025Forecasting in Offline Reinforcement Learning for Non-stationary Environmentscited by 0
- 2026ISEP: Implicit Support Expansion for Offline Reinforcement Learning via Stochastic Policy Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026ISEP: Implicit Support Expansion for Offline Reinforcement Learning via Stochastic Policy Optimization18 May 2026
- 2026Improving Diffusion Planners by Self-Supervised Action Gating with Energies3 Mar 2026
- 2025Forecasting in Offline Reinforcement Learning for Non-stationary Environments1 Dec 2025
- 2025Unleashing Flow Policies with Distributional Critics27 Sep 2025
- 2025Diffusion Guidance Is a Controllable Policy Improvement Operator29 May 2025
- 2025Scaling Offline RL via Efficient and Expressive Shortcut Models28 May 2025
- 2025Decision Flow Policy Optimization26 May 2025
- 2024Are Expressive Models Truly Necessary for Offline RL?15 Dec 2024
- 2024Solving Continual Offline RL through Selective Weights Activation on Aligned Spaces21 Oct 2024
- 2024Diffusion Meets DAgger: Supercharging Eye-in-hand Imitation Learning27 Feb 2024
- 2024Deep Generative Models for Offline Policy Learning: Tutorial, Survey, and Perspectives on Future Directions21 Feb 2024
- 2024Contrastive Diffuser: Planning Towards High Return States via Contrastive Learning5 Feb 2024
- 2026Flow Policy Gradients for Robot Controlcited by 14
- 2025CHD: Coupled Hierarchical Diffusion for Long-Horizon Taskscited by 6
- 2025DETACH: Cross-domain Learning for Long-Horizon Tasks via Mixture of Disentangled Expertscited by 5
- 2025A Unified and Fast-Sampling Diffusion Bridge Framework via Stochastic Optimal Controlcited by 1
- 2025DiffFP: Learning Behaviors from Scratch via Diffusion-based Fictitious Playcited by 0
- 2026Flow Policy Gradients for Robot Control2 Feb 2026
- 2025DiffFP: Learning Behaviors from Scratch via Diffusion-based Fictitious Play17 Nov 2025
- 2025DETACH: Cross-domain Learning for Long-Horizon Tasks via Mixture of Disentangled Experts11 Aug 2025
- 2025A Unified and Fast-Sampling Diffusion Bridge Framework via Stochastic Optimal Control23 May 2025
- 2025CHD: Coupled Hierarchical Diffusion for Long-Horizon Tasks12 May 2025
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