mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

ECG-QA: A Comprehensive Question Answering Dataset Combined With Electrocardiogram

arXiv 2306.15681 ↗First posted 21 Jun 2023q-bio.QM cs.LG eess.SPcited by 54

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Abstract (arXiv)

Question answering (QA) in the field of healthcare has received much attention due to significant advancements in natural language processing. However, existing healthcare QA datasets primarily focus on medical images, clinical notes, or structured electronic health record tables. This leaves the vast potential of combining electrocardiogram (ECG) data with these systems largely untapped. To address this gap, we present ECG-QA, the first QA dataset specifically designed for ECG analysis. The dataset comprises a total of 70 question templates that cover a wide range of clinically relevant ECG topics, each validated by an ECG expert to ensure their clinical utility. As a result, our dataset includes diverse ECG interpretation questions, including those that require a comparative analysis of two different ECGs. In addition, we have conducted numerous experiments to provide valuable insights for future research directions. We believe that ECG-QA will serve as a valuable resource for the development of intelligent QA systems capable of assisting clinicians in ECG interpretations. Dataset URL: https://github.com/Jwoo5/ecg-qa

Key facts. Cited by 54 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jun 2023.

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18 of 39 references.

References · 18

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
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  3. 2017Squeeze-and-Excitation Networkscited by 4,789
  4. 2016Wide Residual Networkscited by 3,070
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  6. 2021SLAKE: A Semantically-Labeled Knowledge-Enhanced Dataset for Medical Visual Question Answeringcited by 449
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  8. 2021MultiModalQA: Complex Question Answering over Text, Tables and Imagescited by 179
  9. 2020CLOCS: Contrastive Learning of Cardiac Signals Across Space, Time, and Patientscited by 171
  10. 2018emrQA: A Large Corpus for Question Answering on Electronic Medical Recordscited by 135
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  12. 2022Multi-Modal Masked Autoencoders for Medical Vision-and-Language Pre-Trainingcited by 104
6 more
  1. 2021Multi-modal Understanding and Generation for Medical Images and Text via Vision-Language Pre-Trainingcited by 96
  2. 2019Text-to-SQL Generation for Question Answering on Electronic Medical Recordscited by 77
  3. 2023EHRSQL: A Practical Text-to-SQL Benchmark for Electronic Health Recordscited by 45
  4. 2022Lead-agnostic Self-supervised Learning for Local and Global Representations of Electrocardiogramcited by 38
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 12; 2025: 14; 2026: 28.

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  1. 2024Large Language Models for Time Series: A Surveycited by 114
  2. 2024ChatTS: Aligning Time Series with LLMs via Synthetic Data for Enhanced Understanding and Reasoningcited by 103
  3. 2024Language Models Still Struggle to Zero-shot Reason about Time Seriescited by 88
  4. 2024TimeSeriesExam: A time series understanding examcited by 49
  5. 2024Position: What Can Large Language Models Tell Us about Time Series Analysiscited by 47
  6. 2024Teach Multimodal LLMs to Comprehend Electrocardiographic Imagescited by 28
  7. 2025Advancing Conversational Diagnostic AI with Multimodal Reasoningcited by 20
  8. 2024Large Language Model Benchmarks in Medical Taskscited by 17
  9. 2024FMBench: Benchmarking Fairness in Multimodal Large Language Models on Medical Taskscited by 11
  10. 2025anyECG-chat: A Generalist ECG-MLLM for Flexible ECG Input and Multi-Task Understandingcited by 10
  11. 2024FEDMEKI: A Benchmark for Scaling Medical Foundation Models via Federated Knowledge Injectioncited by 8
  12. 2025DocHop-QA: Towards Multi-Hop Reasoning over Multimodal Document Collectionscited by 8
38 more
  1. 2024Electrocardiogram Report Generation and Question Answering via Retrieval-Augmented Self-Supervised Modelingcited by 7
  2. 2025DanmakuTPPBench: A Multi-modal Benchmark for Temporal Point Process Modeling and Understandingcited by 7
  3. 2025ECG-Expert-QA: A Benchmark for Evaluating Medical Large Language Models in Heart Disease Diagnosiscited by 6
  4. 2026ARFBench: Benchmarking Time Series Question Answering Ability for Software Incident Responsecited by 6
  5. 2024FEDKIM: Adaptive Federated Knowledge Injection into Medical Foundation Modelscited by 5
  6. 2024Electrocardiogram-Language Model for Few-Shot Question Answering with Meta Learningcited by 5
  7. 2025Eliciting Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Time Series Analysis using Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
  8. 2025QuAnTS: Question Answering on Time Seriescited by 5
  9. 2025TsLLM: Augmenting LLMs for General Time Series Understanding and Predictioncited by 4
  10. 2026ECG-Reasoning-Benchmark: A Benchmark for Evaluating Clinical Reasoning Capabilities in ECG Interpretationcited by 4
  11. 2025HeartcareGPT: A Unified Multimodal ECG Suite for Dual Signal-Image Modeling and Understandingcited by 3
  12. 2026PulseLM: A Foundation Dataset and Benchmark for PPG-Text Learningcited by 3
  13. 2025Sensing Cardiac Health Across Scenarios and Devices: A Multi-Modal Foundation Model Pretrained on Heterogeneous Data from 1.7 Million Individualscited by 2
  14. 2025Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Electrocardiogram-Language Modelscited by 2
  15. 2026Aionoscope: Debugging Latent-State Accessibility in Time-Series Representationscited by 2
  16. 2025ECG-aBcDe: Overcoming Model Dependence, Encoding ECG into a Universal Language for Any LLMcited by 1
  17. 2026TS-Skill: A Benchmark for Evaluating Analytical Skills in Time-Series Question Answeringcited by 1
  18. 2025From Time Series Analysis to Question Answering: A Survey in the LLM Eracited by 0
  19. 2025Can VLM Pseudo-Labels Train a Time-Series QA Model That Outperforms the VLM?cited by 0
  20. 2026CAMEL: An ECG Language Model for Forecasting Cardiac Eventscited by 0
  21. 2026RA-QA: A Benchmarking System for Respiratory Audio Question Answering Under Real-World Heterogeneitycited by 0
  22. 2026KairosVL: Orchestrating Time Series and Semantics for Unified Reasoningcited by 0
  23. 2026Benchmarking LLM Summaries of Multimodal Clinical Time Series for Remote Monitoringcited by 0
  24. 2026RAMoEA-QA: Hierarchical Specialization for Robust Respiratory Audio Question Answeringcited by 0
  25. 2026Learning ECG Image Representations via Dual Physiological-Aware Alignmentscited by 0
  26. 2026VitalAgent: A Tool-Augmented Agent for Reactive and Proactive Physiological Monitoring over Wearable Health Datacited by 0
  27. 2026EVL-ECG: Efficient ECG Interpretation With Multi-Aspect Heterogeneous Knowledge Distillationcited by 0
  28. 2026Failures Reveal What Metrics Miss: An Evidence-Driven Agent for Recursive Refinement of ECG Classifierscited by 0
  29. 2026TimeRLM: Recursive Language Models Enable Precise Anomaly Localization in Long-Context Time-Seriescited by 0
  30. 2026Diagnosing as Cardiologists Do: ECG Agents with Doctor-Grounded Priors for Clinical Reasoning Across Diseases and Populationscited by 0
  31. 2026ECGQuest: Benchmarking and Fine-Tuning Language Models for Electrocardiographycited by 0
  32. 2026MMTClinic: Multimodal, Multilingual Time Series Question Answering and Reasoning Benchmark for Clinical Domaincited by 0
  33. 2026WearableQA: A Benchmark for Health Reasoning over Real-World Wearable Datacited by 0
  34. 2026HealthLoopQA: A Context-Aware Question Answering Benchmark for Interpreting Wearable Monitoring Data in Diabetes Carecited by 0
  35. 2026Large language models in medical time series analysiscited by 0
  36. 2026LabFactory: Building and Evaluating Executable AI Labscited by 0
  37. 2026AnesTRACE: Benchmarking Intraoperative Anesthesia from Multimodal Perception to Multi-step Decision-Makingcited by 0
  38. 2026ECG-Scroll: A Long-Horizon, Streaming Benchmark and Agent Environment for Interpretation of Ambulatory Electrocardiogramscited by 0

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