mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SwinRDM: Integrate SwinRNN with Diffusion Model towards High-Resolution and High-Quality Weather Forecasting

arXiv 2306.03110 ↗First posted 5 Jun 2023cs.AI cs.CV physics.ao-phcited by 32

On the map: Diffusion models → Flow matching, time series and science

Abstract (arXiv)

Data-driven medium-range weather forecasting has attracted much attention in recent years. However, the forecasting accuracy at high resolution is unsatisfactory currently. Pursuing high-resolution and high-quality weather forecasting, we develop a data-driven model SwinRDM which integrates an improved version of SwinRNN with a diffusion model. SwinRDM performs predictions at 0.25-degree resolution and achieves superior forecasting accuracy to IFS (Integrated Forecast System), the state-of-the-art operational NWP model, on representative atmospheric variables including 500 hPa geopotential (Z500), 850 hPa temperature (T850), 2-m temperature (T2M), and total precipitation (TP), at lead times of up to 5 days. We propose to leverage a two-step strategy to achieve high-resolution predictions at 0.25-degree considering the trade-off between computation memory and forecasting accuracy. Recurrent predictions for future atmospheric fields are firstly performed at 1.40625-degree resolution, and then a diffusion-based super-resolution model is leveraged to recover the high spatial resolution and finer-scale atmospheric details. SwinRDM pushes forward the performance and potential of data-driven models for a large margin towards operational applications.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Flow matching, time series and science, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 34 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Jun 2023.

Builds on

34 of 40 references.

References · 34

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  2. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  3. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
  4. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  5. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  6. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  7. 2015Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Visioncited by 5,451
  8. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,067
  9. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  10. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
  11. 2016Photo-Realistic Single Image Super-Resolution Using a Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 1,898
  12. 2021SwinIR: Image Restoration Using Swin Transformercited by 1,869
22 more
  1. 2017Enhanced Deep Residual Networks for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 1,543
  2. 2021Image Super-Resolution via Iterative Refinementcited by 1,506
  3. 2021Palette: Image-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1,296
  4. 2018Image Super-Resolution Using Very Deep Residual Channel Attention Networkscited by 1,256
  5. 2018ESRGAN: Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,250
  6. 2014Image Super-Resolution Using Deep Convolutional Networkscited by 1,218
  7. 2021Cascaded Diffusion Models for High Fidelity Image Generationcited by 1,155
  8. 2020Improved Techniques for Training Score-Based Generative Modelscited by 1,036
  9. 2021Real-ESRGAN: Training Real-World Blind Super-Resolution with Pure Synthetic Datacited by 961
  10. 2015Accurate Image Super-Resolution Using Very Deep Convolutional Networkscited by 902
  11. 2022FourCastNet: A Global Data-driven High-resolution Weather Model using Adaptive Fourier Neural Operatorscited by 748
  12. 2020WeatherBench: A benchmark dataset for data-driven weather forecastingcited by 272
  13. 2021Deblurring via Stochastic Refinementcited by 248
  14. 2017Deep Learning for Precipitation Nowcasting: A Benchmark and A New Modelcited by 180
  15. 2022Forecasting Global Weather with Graph Neural Networkscited by 165
  16. 2020MetNet: A Neural Weather Model for Precipitation Forecastingcited by 128
  17. 2020Improving data-driven global weather prediction using deep convolutional neural networks on a cubed spherecited by 95
  18. 2022SwinVRNN: A Data-Driven Ensemble Forecasting Model via Learned Distribution Perturbationcited by 31
  19. 2022ARM: Any-Time Super-Resolution Methodcited by 19
  20. 2020A generative adversarial network approach to (ensemble) weather predictioncited by 18
  21. 2022WeatherBench Probability: A benchmark dataset for probabilistic medium-range weather forecasting along with deep learning baseline modelscited by 16
  22. 2020RainBench: Towards Global Precipitation Forecasting from Satellite Imagerycited by 7

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 10; 2025: 11; 2026: 4.

32 papers.

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  1. 2023FuXi: A cascade machine learning forecasting system for 15-day global weather forecastcited by 237
  2. 2023WeatherBench 2: A benchmark for the next generation of data-driven global weather modelscited by 227
  3. 2024A Survey on Diffusion Models for Time Series and Spatio-Temporal Datacited by 66
  4. 2023Foundation Models for Weather and Climate Data Understanding: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 32
  5. 2024Continuous Ensemble Weather Forecasting with Diffusion modelscited by 27
  6. 2024Uncertainty quantification for data-driven weather modelscited by 24
  7. 2023FuXi-Extreme: Improving extreme rainfall and wind forecasts with diffusion modelcited by 22
  8. 2023AI Foundation Models for Weather and Climate: Applications, Design, and Implementationcited by 19
  9. 2024DiffESM: Conditional Emulation of Temperature and Precipitation in Earth System Models with 3D Diffusion Modelscited by 15
  10. 2025Deep Learning and Foundation Models for Weather Prediction: A Surveycited by 15
  11. 2025Elucidated Rolling Diffusion Models for Probabilistic Forecasting of Complex Dynamicscited by 12
  12. 2024KARINA: An Efficient Deep Learning Model for Global Weather Forecastcited by 9
20 more
  1. 2025Satellite Observations Guided Diffusion Model for Accurate Meteorological States at Arbitrary Resolutioncited by 9
  2. 2025Generative emulation of chaotic dynamics with coherent priorcited by 7
  3. 2024HEAL-ViT: Vision Transformers on a spherical mesh for medium-range weather forecastingcited by 6
  4. 2024CaFA: Global Weather Forecasting with Factorized Attention on Spherecited by 6
  5. 2023On some limitations of data-driven weather forecasting modelscited by 4
  6. 2024IceDiff: High Resolution and High-Quality Sea Ice Forecasting with Generative Diffusion Priorcited by 3
  7. 2025How to use score-based diffusion in earth system science: A satellite nowcasting examplecited by 3
  8. 2025MODS: Multi-source Observations Conditional Diffusion Model for Meteorological State Downscalingcited by 3
  9. 2024Decomposing weather forecasting into advection and convection with neural networkscited by 2
  10. 2025Efficient Generative AI Boosts Probabilistic Forecasting of Sudden Stratospheric Warmingscited by 2
  11. 2026Probabilistic Precipitation Nowcasting with Rectified Flow Transformerscited by 2
  12. 2026Eddy-Resolving Global Ocean Forecasting with Multi-Scale Graph Neural Networkscited by 1
  13. 2026Super-Resolving Coarse-Resolution Weather Forecasts With Flow Matchingcited by 1
  14. 2026RainODE: Continuous-Time Precipitation Forecasting with Latent Neural ODEscited by 1
  15. 2023Multi-Modal Learning-based Reconstruction of High-Resolution Spatial Wind Speed Fieldscited by 0
  16. 2024DUNE: A Machine Learning Deep UNet++ based Ensemble Approach to Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Climate Forecastingcited by 0
  17. 2025Data-driven Mesoscale Weather Forecasting Combining Swin-Unet and Diffusion Modelscited by 0
  18. 2025DRAN: A Distribution and Relation Adaptive Network for Spatio-temporal Forecastingcited by 0
  19. 2025KunPeng: A Global Ocean Environmental Modelcited by 0
  20. 2025Diffusion-Based, Data-Assimilation-Enabled Super-Resolution of Hub-height Windscited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025CNCast: Leveraging 3D Swin Transformer and DiT for Enhanced Regional Weather Forecasting
  2. 2026Universal Diffusion-Based Probabilistic Downscaling
  3. 2026PuYun-LDM: A Latent Diffusion Model for High-Resolution Ensemble Weather Forecasts
  4. 2024DiffDA: a Diffusion Model for Weather-scale Data Assimilation
  5. 2024Weather Prediction with Diffusion Guided by Realistic Forecast Processes
  6. 2024Enhancing Weather Predictions: Super-Resolution via Deep Diffusion Models
  7. 2025Data-Efficient Ensemble Weather Forecasting with Diffusion Models
  8. 2026Stress-Testing Dynamical and Generative Downscaling Using Subseasonal Extreme Precipitation Forecasts