IQL-TD-MPC: Implicit Q-Learning for Hierarchical Model Predictive Control
On the map: Offline RL and imitation learning from data → Diffusion and flow policies for offline RL
Abstract (arXiv)
Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great promise due to its sample efficiency, but still struggles with long-horizon sparse-reward tasks, especially in offline settings where the agent learns from a fixed dataset. We hypothesize that model-based RL agents struggle in these environments due to a lack of long-term planning capabilities, and that planning in a temporally abstract model of the environment can alleviate this issue. In this paper, we make two key contributions: 1) we introduce an offline model-based RL algorithm, IQL-TD-MPC, that extends the state-of-the-art Temporal Difference Learning for Model Predictive Control (TD-MPC) with Implicit Q-Learning (IQL); 2) we propose to use IQL-TD-MPC as a Manager in a hierarchical setting with any off-the-shelf offline RL algorithm as a Worker. More specifically, we pre-train a temporally abstract IQL-TD-MPC Manager to predict "intent embeddings", which roughly correspond to subgoals, via planning. We empirically show that augmenting state representations with intent embeddings generated by an IQL-TD-MPC manager significantly improves off-the-shelf offline RL agents' performance on some of the most challenging D4RL benchmark tasks. For instance, the offline RL algorithms AWAC, TD3-BC, DT, and CQL all get zero or near-zero normalized evaluation scores on the medium and large antmaze tasks, while our modification gives an average score over 40.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and flow policies for offline RL, one of 13 directions in Offline RL and imitation learning from data. Builds on 31 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Jun 2023.
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31 of 45 references.
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Other references · 30
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,650
- 2013Estimating or Propagating Gradients Through Stochastic Neurons for Conditional Computationcited by 2,031
- 2020Offline Reinforcement Learning: Tutorial, Review, and Perspectives on Open Problemscited by 1,873
- 2020Conservative Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,777
- 2021Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modelingcited by 1,528
- 2020D4RL: Datasets for Deep Data-Driven Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,406
- 2019Mastering Atari, Go, Chess and Shogi by Planning with a Learned Modelcited by 1,327
- 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning with Implicit Q-Learningcited by 1,245
- 2018Learning Latent Dynamics for Planning from Pixelscited by 1,221
- 2021A Minimalist Approach to Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 882
- 2018Recurrent World Models Facilitate Policy Evolutioncited by 761
18 more
- 2019Advantage-Weighted Regression: Simple and Scalable Off-Policy Reinforcement Learningcited by 750
- 2020AWAC: Accelerating Online Reinforcement Learning with Offline Datasetscited by 647
- 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning as One Big Sequence Modeling Problemcited by 636
- 2022Temporal Difference Learning for Model Predictive Controlcited by 375
- 2022Transformers are Sample-Efficient World Modelscited by 317
- 2019Learning Latent Plans from Playcited by 310
- 2021Mastering Atari Games with Limited Datacited by 235
- 2022A Survey on Offline Reinforcement Learning: Taxonomy, Review, and Open Problemscited by 228
- 2020Accelerating Reinforcement Learning with Learned Skill Priorscited by 220
- 2020Model-Based Offline Planningcited by 126
- 2015Model Predictive Path Integral Control using Covariance Variable Importance Samplingcited by 122
- 2022CORL: Research-oriented Deep Offline Reinforcement Learning Librarycited by 117
- 2022Deep Hierarchical Planning from Pixelscited by 96
- 2019IRIS: Implicit Reinforcement without Interaction at Scale for Learning Control from Offline Robot Manipulation Datacited by 85
- 2022Latent Plans for Task-Agnostic Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 81
- 2020Model-Augmented Actor-Critic: Backpropagating through Pathscited by 61
- 2022A Policy-Guided Imitation Approach for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 58
- 2022Efficient Planning in a Compact Latent Action Spacecited by 57
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 4; 2025: 3; 2026: 4.
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- 2023TD-MPC2: Scalable, Robust World Models for Continuous Controlcited by 482
- 2025What Drives Success in Physical Planning with Joint-Embedding Predictive World Models?cited by 37
- 2026Hierarchical Planning with Latent World Modelscited by 34
- 2024Diffusion World Model: Future Modeling Beyond Step-by-Step Rollout for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 31
- 2024Model-based Offline Reinforcement Learning with Lower Expectile Q-Learningcited by 17
- 2025Scalable Offline Model-Based RL with Action Chunkscited by 12
- 2023Efficient Planning with Latent Diffusioncited by 11
- 2023H-GAP: Humanoid Control with a Generalist Plannercited by 11
- 2024Bisimulation metric for Model Predictive Controlcited by 6
- 2025VIPO: Value Function Inconsistency Penalized Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2024Learning Off-policy with Model-based Intrinsic Motivation For Active Online Explorationcited by 1
- 2026RAY-TOLD: Ray-Based Latent Dynamics for Dense Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance with TDMPCcited by 0
- 2026Think Fast, Plan Selectively: Adaptive Deliberation for Efficient Data-Driven MPC26 Sep 2026
- 2026Reinforcement Learning: From Algorithms To Foundation Models20 Jul 2026
- 2026RAY-TOLD: Ray-Based Latent Dynamics for Dense Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance with TDMPC30 Apr 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Planning with Latent World Models3 Apr 2026
- 2025What Drives Success in Physical Planning with Joint-Embedding Predictive World Models?30 Dec 2025
- 2025Scalable Offline Model-Based RL with Action Chunks8 Dec 2025
- 2025VIPO: Value Function Inconsistency Penalized Offline Reinforcement Learning16 Apr 2025
- 2024Bisimulation metric for Model Predictive Control6 Oct 2024
- 2024Model-based Offline Reinforcement Learning with Lower Expectile Q-Learning30 Jun 2024
- 2024Learning Off-policy with Model-based Intrinsic Motivation For Active Online Exploration31 Mar 2024
- 2024Diffusion World Model: Future Modeling Beyond Step-by-Step Rollout for Offline Reinforcement Learning5 Feb 2024
- 2023H-GAP: Humanoid Control with a Generalist Planner5 Dec 2023
2 more
- 2023TD-MPC2: Scalable, Robust World Models for Continuous Control25 Oct 2023
- 2023Efficient Planning with Latent Diffusion30 Sep 2023
- 2023TD-MPC2: Scalable, Robust World Models for Continuous Controlcited by 482
- 2025What Drives Success in Physical Planning with Joint-Embedding Predictive World Models?cited by 37
- 2026Hierarchical Planning with Latent World Modelscited by 34
- 2024Diffusion World Model: Future Modeling Beyond Step-by-Step Rollout for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 31
- 2026Reinforcement Learning: From Algorithms To Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026Think Fast, Plan Selectively: Adaptive Deliberation for Efficient Data-Driven MPCcited by 0
- 2026Think Fast, Plan Selectively: Adaptive Deliberation for Efficient Data-Driven MPC26 Sep 2026
- 2026Reinforcement Learning: From Algorithms To Foundation Models20 Jul 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Planning with Latent World Models3 Apr 2026
- 2025What Drives Success in Physical Planning with Joint-Embedding Predictive World Models?30 Dec 2025
- 2024Diffusion World Model: Future Modeling Beyond Step-by-Step Rollout for Offline Reinforcement Learning5 Feb 2024
- 2023TD-MPC2: Scalable, Robust World Models for Continuous Control25 Oct 2023
- 2023Efficient Planning with Latent Diffusioncited by 11
- 2023Efficient Planning with Latent Diffusion30 Sep 2023
- 2023H-GAP: Humanoid Control with a Generalist Plannercited by 11
- 2024Bisimulation metric for Model Predictive Controlcited by 6
- 2024Learning Off-policy with Model-based Intrinsic Motivation For Active Online Explorationcited by 1
- 2026RAY-TOLD: Ray-Based Latent Dynamics for Dense Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance with TDMPCcited by 0
- 2026RAY-TOLD: Ray-Based Latent Dynamics for Dense Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance with TDMPC30 Apr 2026
- 2024Bisimulation metric for Model Predictive Control6 Oct 2024
- 2024Learning Off-policy with Model-based Intrinsic Motivation For Active Online Exploration31 Mar 2024
- 2023H-GAP: Humanoid Control with a Generalist Planner5 Dec 2023
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Offline RL with Hierarchical Action Chunking
- 2026Dream-MPC: Gradient-Based Model Predictive Control with Latent Imagination
- 2022A Survey on Model-based Reinforcement Learning
- 2024ACL-QL: Adaptive Conservative Level in Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learning
- 2026Efficient Hierarchical Implicit Flow Q-learning for Offline Goal-conditioned Reinforcement Learning
- 2023IDQL: Implicit Q-Learning as an Actor-Critic Method with Diffusion Policies
- 2025TD-MPC-Opt: Distilling Model-Based Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning Agents
- 2025PIQL: Projective Implicit Q-Learning with Support Constraint for Offline Reinforcement Learning