mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Talking About Large Language Models

arXiv 2212.03551 ↗First posted 7 Dec 2022cs.CL cs.LGcited by 174

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Abstract (arXiv)

Thanks to rapid progress in artificial intelligence, we have entered an era when technology and philosophy intersect in interesting ways. Sitting squarely at the centre of this intersection are large language models (LLMs). The more adept LLMs become at mimicking human language, the more vulnerable we become to anthropomorphism, to seeing the systems in which they are embedded as more human-like than they really are. This trend is amplified by the natural tendency to use philosophically loaded terms, such as "knows", "believes", and "thinks", when describing these systems. To mitigate this trend, this paper advocates the practice of repeatedly stepping back to remind ourselves of how LLMs, and the systems of which they form a part, actually work. The hope is that increased scientific precision will encourage more philosophical nuance in the discourse around artificial intelligence, both within the field and in the public sphere.

Key facts. Cited by 174 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Dec 2022.

Builds on

26 of 43 references.

References · 26

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  3. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  4. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  5. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  6. 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,304
  7. 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,337
  8. 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
  9. 2022Locating and Editing Factual Associations in GPTcited by 2,609
  10. 2020Learning to summarize from human feedbackcited by 2,562
  11. 2022Emergent Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 2,483
  12. 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,302
14 more
  1. 2019ViLBERT: Pretraining Task-Agnostic Visiolinguistic Representations for Vision-and-Language Taskscited by 2,219
  2. 2022LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applicationscited by 1,218
  3. 2021Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gophercited by 1,199
  4. 2021Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Modelscited by 957
  5. 2022In-context Learning and Induction Headscited by 930
  6. 2021Show Your Work: Scratchpads for Intermediate Computation with Language Modelscited by 871
  7. 2022Improving alignment of dialogue agents via targeted human judgementscited by 527
  8. 2022Selection-Inference: Exploiting Large Language Models for Interpretable Logical Reasoningcited by 331
  9. 2022Data Distributional Properties Drive Emergent In-Context Learning in Transformerscited by 303
  10. 2021Implicit Representations of Meaning in Neural Language Modelscited by 179
  11. 2022Faithful Reasoning Using Large Language Modelscited by 130
  12. 2022Meaning without reference in large language modelscited by 76
  13. 2020Word meaning in minds and machinescited by 51
  14. 2022Abstraction for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 19

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 41; 2024: 57; 2025: 44; 2026: 31.

174 papers.

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  1. 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,537
  2. 2023Large Language Models for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 389
  3. 2023Logic-LM: Empowering Large Language Models with Symbolic Solvers for Faithful Logical Reasoningcited by 379
  4. 2023Role-Play with Large Language Modelscited by 290
  5. 2023Evaluating the Moral Beliefs Encoded in LLMscited by 211
  6. 2023Embers of Autoregression: Understanding Large Language Models Through the Problem They are Trained to Solvecited by 175
  7. 2024Survey on Large Language Model-Enhanced Reinforcement Learning: Concept, Taxonomy, and Methodscited by 114
  8. 2023A Survey of Safety and Trustworthiness of Large Language Models through the Lens of Verification and Validationcited by 91
  9. 2023When Large Language Models Meet Personalization: Perspectives of Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 89
  10. 2023Deep Model Fusion: A Surveycited by 89
  11. 2024Beyond Accuracy: Evaluating the Reasoning Behavior of Large Language Models -- A Surveycited by 82
  12. 2024Scientific Large Language Models: A Survey on Biological & Chemical Domainscited by 80
38 more
  1. 2023Still No Lie Detector for Language Models: Probing Empirical and Conceptual Roadblockscited by 77
  2. 2025Reasoning-Augmented Conversation for Multi-Turn Jailbreak Attacks on Large Language Modelscited by 61
  3. 2024Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy? The Misleading Success of Simulating Social Interactions With LLMscited by 59
  4. 2023On the Creativity of Large Language Modelscited by 57
  5. 2023A Comprehensive Survey on Vector Database: Storage and Retrieval Technique, Challengecited by 55
  6. 2024Determinants of LLM-assisted Decision-Makingcited by 55
  7. 2023Evaluating Instruction-Tuned Large Language Models on Code Comprehension and Generationcited by 49
  8. 2024Large Language Models and Cognitive Science: A Comprehensive Review of Similarities, Differences, and Challengescited by 48
  9. 2023Honesty Is the Best Policy: Defining and Mitigating AI Deceptioncited by 40
  10. 2025Fostering Appropriate Reliance on Large Language Models: The Role of Explanations, Sources, and Inconsistenciescited by 39
  11. 2024Large Language Models for Medicine: A Surveycited by 38
  12. 2024Argumentative Large Language Models for Explainable and Contestable Claim Verificationcited by 36
  13. 2025The Personality Illusion: Revealing Dissociation Between Self-Reports & Behavior in LLMscited by 35
  14. 2024ChatSUMO: Large Language Model for Automating Traffic Scenario Generation in Simulation of Urban MObilitycited by 34
  15. 2023Mirages: On Anthropomorphism in Dialogue Systemscited by 30
  16. 2023Challenges with unsupervised LLM knowledge discoverycited by 30
  17. 2024History, Development, and Principles of Large Language Models-An Introductory Surveycited by 30
  18. 2024Standards for Belief Representations in LLMscited by 30
  19. 2023Dissociating language and thought in large language modelscited by 27
  20. 2024How do Large Language Models Navigate Conflicts between Honesty and Helpfulness?cited by 27
  21. 2025Exploring the Roles of Large Language Models in Reshaping Transportation Systems: A Survey, Framework, and Roadmapcited by 26
  22. 2023It Takes Two to Tango: Navigating Conceptualizations of NLP Tasks and Measurements of Performancecited by 25
  23. 2025Multi-turn Evaluation of Anthropomorphic Behaviours in Large Language Modelscited by 25
  24. 2024Privacy Preserving Prompt Engineering: A Surveycited by 24
  25. 2024HumanEvalComm: Benchmarking the Communication Competence of Code Generation for LLMs and LLM Agentcited by 24
  26. 2024The Reasons that Agents Act: Intention and Instrumental Goalscited by 23
  27. 2024A Survey on Human Preference Learning for Large Language Modelscited by 23
  28. 2023The Machine Psychology of Cooperation: Can GPT models operationalise prompts for altruism, cooperation, competitiveness and selfishness in economic games?cited by 22
  29. 2023Creating a Large Language Model of a Philosophercited by 20
  30. 2023ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models as Evolutionary Engines for Online Interactive Collaborative Game Designcited by 20
  31. 2024From "AI" to Probabilistic Automation: How Does Anthropomorphization of Technical Systems Descriptions Influence Trust?cited by 18
  32. 2023Machine Psychologycited by 16
  33. 2023Reason out Your Layout: Evoking the Layout Master from Large Language Models for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 16
  34. 2024Simulacra as Conscious Exoticacited by 16
  35. 2024Large Language Model Benchmarks in Medical Taskscited by 16
  36. 2024Can LLMs make trade-offs involving stipulated pain and pleasure states?cited by 16
  37. 2024Code Simulation Challenges for Large Language Modelscited by 15
  38. 2022Do language models have coherent mental models of everyday things?cited by 13

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