KuaiRand: An Unbiased Sequential Recommendation Dataset with Randomly Exposed Videos
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recommender systems deployed in real-world applications can have inherent exposure bias, which leads to the biased logged data plaguing the researchers. A fundamental way to address this thorny problem is to collect users' interactions on randomly expose items, i.e., the missing-at-random data. A few works have asked certain users to rate or select randomly recommended items, e.g., Yahoo!, Coat, and OpenBandit. However, these datasets are either too small in size or lack key information, such as unique user ID or the features of users/items. In this work, we present KuaiRand, an unbiased sequential recommendation dataset containing millions of intervened interactions on randomly exposed videos, collected from the video-sharing mobile App, Kuaishou. Different from existing datasets, KuaiRand records 12 kinds of user feedback signals (e.g., click, like, and view time) on randomly exposed videos inserted in the recommendation feeds in two weeks. To facilitate model learning, we further collect rich features of users and items as well as users' behavior history. By releasing this dataset, we enable the research of advanced debiasing large-scale recommendation scenarios for the first time. Also, with its distinctive features, KuaiRand can support various other research directions such as interactive recommendation, long sequential behavior modeling, and multi-task learning. The dataset and its news will be available at https://kuairand.com.
Key facts. Cited by 72 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 Aug 2022.
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 6; 2024: 15; 2025: 25; 2026: 26.
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- 2023Multi-Task Recommendations with Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
- 2023Two-Stage Constrained Actor-Critic for Short Video Recommendationcited by 16
- 2023Reinforcing User Retention in a Billion Scale Short Video Recommender Systemcited by 15
- 2024Generative Regression Based Watch Time Prediction for Short-Video Recommendationcited by 13
- 2025HiD-VAE: Interpretable Generative Recommendation via Hierarchical and Disentangled Semantic IDscited by 12
- 2025Massive Memorization with Hundreds of Trillions of Parameters for Sequential Transducer Generative Recommenderscited by 10
- 2024EasyRL4Rec: An Easy-to-use Library for Reinforcement Learning Based Recommender Systemscited by 9
- 2026AgentX: Towards Agent-Driven Self-Iteration of Industrial Recommender Systemscited by 8
- 2023Debiasing Recommendation by Learning Identifiable Latent Confounderscited by 7
- 2024MerRec: A Large-scale Multipurpose Mercari Dataset for Consumer-to-Consumer Recommendation Systemscited by 6
- 2024Conditional Quantile Estimation for Uncertain Watch Time in Short-Video Recommendationcited by 6
- 2024ROLeR: Effective Reward Shaping in Offline Reinforcement Learning for Recommender Systemscited by 4
38 more
- 2025Relative Advantage Debiasing for Watch-Time Prediction in Short-Video Recommendationcited by 4
- 2024GPRec: Bi-level User Modeling for Deep Recommenderscited by 3
- 2025Diffusion Models in Recommendation Systems: A Surveycited by 3
- 2025Unleashing the Potential of Two-Tower Models: Diffusion-Based Cross-Interaction for Large-Scale Matchingcited by 3
- 2025Revisiting Self-attention for Cross-domain Sequential Recommendationcited by 3
- 2025You Don't Bring Me Flowers: Mitigating Unwanted Recommendations Through Conformal Risk Controlcited by 3
- 2023CDR: Conservative Doubly Robust Learning for Debiased Recommendationcited by 2
- 2024A Model-based Multi-Agent Personalized Short-Video Recommender Systemcited by 2
- 2025Policy-Guided Causal State Representation for Offline Reinforcement Learning Recommendationcited by 2
- 2025DARLR: Dual-Agent Offline Reinforcement Learning for Recommender Systems with Dynamic Rewardcited by 2
- 2025PERSCEN: Learning Personalized Interaction Pattern and Scenario Preference for Multi-Scenario Matchingcited by 2
- 2025G-UBS: Towards Robust Understanding of Implicit Feedback via Group-Aware User Behavior Simulationcited by 2
- 2026With a Little Help From My Friends: Collective Manipulation in Risk-Controlling Recommender Systemscited by 2
- 2026Causal Representation Learning for Generalisable Recommendationcited by 2
- 2023Exploring and Exploiting Data Heterogeneity in Recommendationcited by 1
- 2024Large-Scale Multi-Domain Recommendation: an Automatic Domain Feature Extraction and Personalized Integration Frameworkcited by 1
- 2024Better Late Than Never: Formulating and Benchmarking Recommendation Editingcited by 1
- 2024User-Creator Feature Polarization in Recommender Systems with Dual Influencecited by 1
- 2024Residual Multi-Task Learner for Applied Rankingcited by 1
- 2024Prompt Tuning for Item Cold-start Recommendationcited by 1
- 2025Energy-Guided Diffusion Sampling for Long-Term User Behavior Prediction in Reinforcement Learning-based Recommendationcited by 1
- 2025Integrating LLM and Diffusion-Based Agents for Social Simulationcited by 1
- 2025Offline A/B Testing of Slate Recommendation Systems with LLMs: Reducing the Dependency on Pre-Collected User Interaction Datacited by 1
- 2025Semantics Meet Signals: Dual Codebook Representationl Learning for Generative Recommendationcited by 1
- 2026LLM-Enhanced Reinforcement Learning for Long-Term User Satisfaction in Interactive Recommendationcited by 1
- 2026Choosing Online Experiment Designs under Interference in Ads, Recommendations, and Member-Experience Systemscited by 1
- 2026DiffoR: A Unified Continuous Generative Framework for Universal Ordinal Regressioncited by 1
- 2026Off-Policy Evaluation for Semantic ID Recommenders: Does the Model's Own Code Hierarchy Help?cited by 1
- 2024Causal Discovery in Recommender Systems: Example and Discussioncited by 0
- 2024DIIT: A Domain-Invariant Information Transfer Method for Industrial Cross-Domain Recommendationcited by 0
- 2024Performance-Driven QUBO for Recommender Systems on Quantum Annealerscited by 0
- 2025HyperZero: A Customized End-to-End Auto-Tuning System for Recommendation with Hourly Feedbackcited by 0
- 2025MultiScale Contextual Bandits for Long Term Objectivescited by 0
- 2025Reward Balancing Revisited: Enhancing Offline Reinforcement Learning for Recommender Systemscited by 0
- 2025On the Reliability of Sampling Strategies in Offline Recommender Evaluationcited by 0
- 2025Cross-Scenario Unified Modeling of User Interests at Billion Scalecited by 0
- 2025LIME: Link-based user-item Interaction Modeling with decoupled xor attention for Efficient test time scalingcited by 0
- 2025Revisiting Fairness-aware Interactive Recommendation: Item Lifecycle as a Control Knobcited by 0
50 most cited of 72 All 72 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond Temporal Proximity: Explanatory World Models for Credit Assignment in Reinforcement Learning9 Oct 2026
- 2026Reinforcement Learning with Conformal Action Sets: An Application to Sequential Recommendation6 Oct 2026
- 2026Discovered, Not Designed: Population Evolution for Collaborative and Compute-Intensive Model Discovery5 Oct 2026
- 2026DP-Rec: Towards Dynamic Patching for Efficient Long-Sequence Recommendation26 Sep 2026
- 2026FARE: Deep Reinforcement Learning For Fair Exposure Constrained Uncertainty Aware Financial Content Personalization25 Sep 2026
- 2026Recommendation World Models for Future-State Control25 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning Collective Dynamics with Differentiable Gaussian Representations23 Sep 2026
- 2026A Systematic Benchmark of Explainable Methods for Temporal Attribution in Sequential Recommendation Systems23 Sep 2026
- 2026Which LLM for Which Work? Budgeted Model Allocation under Uncertain Evaluation30 Aug 2026
- 2026Off-Policy Evaluation for Semantic ID Recommenders: Does the Model's Own Code Hierarchy Help?28 Aug 2026
- 2026Profiling What Matters: Context-Aware Item Profiles from Large-Scale Metadata for LLM Recommenders21 Aug 2026
- 2026Decoupled Temporal Encoding for Generative Recommendation17 Aug 2026
38 more
- 2026DualSpectralCF: Training-Free Sign-Aware Spectral Collaborative Filtering10 Aug 2026
- 2026ROCS: Request-Oriented Compute Sharing for Efficient Large-Scale Recommendation30 Jul 2026
- 2026AgentX: Towards Agent-Driven Self-Iteration of Industrial Recommender Systems25 Jun 2026
- 2026Decision-Calibrated Conformal Uncertainty for Pacing Decisions in Streaming Advertising8 Jun 2026
- 2026FlowTime: Towards Continuous Generative Watch Time Prediction via Flow-based Personalized Priors31 May 2026
- 2026DiffoR: A Unified Continuous Generative Framework for Universal Ordinal Regression29 May 2026
- 2026Causal Representation Learning for Generalisable Recommendation26 May 2026
- 2026Choosing Online Experiment Designs under Interference in Ads, Recommendations, and Member-Experience Systems24 May 2026
- 2026Compressed Video Aggregator: Content-driven Module for Efficient Micro-Video Recommendation9 May 2026
- 2026NestPipe: Large-Scale Recommendation Training on 1,500+ Accelerators via Nested Pipelining8 Apr 2026
- 2026With a Little Help From My Friends: Collective Manipulation in Risk-Controlling Recommender Systems30 Mar 2026
- 2026Fairness Begins with State: Purifying Latent Preferences for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning in Interactive Recommendation4 Mar 2026
- 2026Proactive Guiding Strategy for Item-side Fairness in Interactive Recommendation3 Mar 2026
- 2026LLM-Enhanced Reinforcement Learning for Long-Term User Satisfaction in Interactive Recommendation27 Jan 2026
- 2025No One Left Behind: How to Exploit the Incomplete and Skewed Multi-Label Data for Conversion Rate Prediction15 Dec 2025
- 2025Where to Explore: A Reach and Cost-Aware Approach for Unbiased Data Collection in Recommender Systems11 Dec 2025
- 2025Distillation-based Scenario-Adaptive Mixture-of-Experts for the Matching Stage of Multi-scenario Recommendation28 Nov 2025
- 2025Revisiting Fairness-aware Interactive Recommendation: Item Lifecycle as a Control Knob20 Nov 2025
- 2025Semantics Meet Signals: Dual Codebook Representationl Learning for Generative Recommendation15 Nov 2025
- 2025Offline A/B Testing of Slate Recommendation Systems with LLMs: Reducing the Dependency on Pre-Collected User Interaction Data6 Nov 2025
- 2025Massive Memorization with Hundreds of Trillions of Parameters for Sequential Transducer Generative Recommenders24 Oct 2025
- 2025LIME: Link-based user-item Interaction Modeling with decoupled xor attention for Efficient test time scaling21 Oct 2025
- 2025Integrating LLM and Diffusion-Based Agents for Social Simulation18 Oct 2025
- 2025Cross-Scenario Unified Modeling of User Interests at Billion Scale16 Oct 2025
- 2025Energy-Guided Diffusion Sampling for Long-Term User Behavior Prediction in Reinforcement Learning-based Recommendation9 Oct 2025
- 2025Relative Advantage Debiasing for Watch-Time Prediction in Short-Video Recommendation14 Aug 2025
- 2025G-UBS: Towards Robust Understanding of Implicit Feedback via Group-Aware User Behavior Simulation7 Aug 2025
- 2025On the Reliability of Sampling Strategies in Offline Recommender Evaluation7 Aug 2025
- 2025HiD-VAE: Interpretable Generative Recommendation via Hierarchical and Disentangled Semantic IDs6 Aug 2025
- 2025You Don't Bring Me Flowers: Mitigating Unwanted Recommendations Through Conformal Risk Control9 Jul 2025
- 2025Reward Balancing Revisited: Enhancing Offline Reinforcement Learning for Recommender Systems27 Jun 2025
- 2025PERSCEN: Learning Personalized Interaction Pattern and Scenario Preference for Multi-Scenario Matching23 Jun 2025
- 2025Revisiting Self-attention for Cross-domain Sequential Recommendation27 May 2025
- 2025DARLR: Dual-Agent Offline Reinforcement Learning for Recommender Systems with Dynamic Reward12 May 2025
- 2025MultiScale Contextual Bandits for Long Term Objectives22 Mar 2025
- 2025Unleashing the Potential of Two-Tower Models: Diffusion-Based Cross-Interaction for Large-Scale Matching28 Feb 2025
- 2025Policy-Guided Causal State Representation for Offline Reinforcement Learning Recommendation4 Feb 2025
- 2025HyperZero: A Customized End-to-End Auto-Tuning System for Recommendation with Hourly Feedback30 Jan 2025
50 newest of 72 All 72 (JSON)
- 2024EasyRL4Rec: An Easy-to-use Library for Reinforcement Learning Based Recommender Systemscited by 9
- 2026Fairness Begins with State: Purifying Latent Preferences for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning in Interactive Recommendationcited by 0
- 2026FARE: Deep Reinforcement Learning For Fair Exposure Constrained Uncertainty Aware Financial Content Personalizationcited by 0
- 2026Reinforcement Learning with Conformal Action Sets: An Application to Sequential Recommendationcited by 0
- 2026Reinforcement Learning with Conformal Action Sets: An Application to Sequential Recommendation6 Oct 2026
- 2026FARE: Deep Reinforcement Learning For Fair Exposure Constrained Uncertainty Aware Financial Content Personalization25 Sep 2026
- 2026Fairness Begins with State: Purifying Latent Preferences for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning in Interactive Recommendation4 Mar 2026
- 2024EasyRL4Rec: An Easy-to-use Library for Reinforcement Learning Based Recommender Systems23 Feb 2024
- 2025DARLR: Dual-Agent Offline Reinforcement Learning for Recommender Systems with Dynamic Rewardcited by 2
- 2025Reward Balancing Revisited: Enhancing Offline Reinforcement Learning for Recommender Systemscited by 0
- 2026Recommendation World Models for Future-State Controlcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Temporal Proximity: Explanatory World Models for Credit Assignment in Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Temporal Proximity: Explanatory World Models for Credit Assignment in Reinforcement Learning9 Oct 2026
- 2026Recommendation World Models for Future-State Control25 Sep 2026
- 2025Reward Balancing Revisited: Enhancing Offline Reinforcement Learning for Recommender Systems27 Jun 2025
- 2025DARLR: Dual-Agent Offline Reinforcement Learning for Recommender Systems with Dynamic Reward12 May 2025
- 2023Multi-Task Recommendations with Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
- 2023Two-Stage Constrained Actor-Critic for Short Video Recommendationcited by 16
- 2023Reinforcing User Retention in a Billion Scale Short Video Recommender Systemcited by 15
- 2024Generative Regression Based Watch Time Prediction for Short-Video Recommendationcited by 13
- 2025HiD-VAE: Interpretable Generative Recommendation via Hierarchical and Disentangled Semantic IDscited by 12
- 2025Massive Memorization with Hundreds of Trillions of Parameters for Sequential Transducer Generative Recommenderscited by 10
- 2026AgentX: Towards Agent-Driven Self-Iteration of Industrial Recommender Systemscited by 8
- 2023Debiasing Recommendation by Learning Identifiable Latent Confounderscited by 7
- 2024MerRec: A Large-scale Multipurpose Mercari Dataset for Consumer-to-Consumer Recommendation Systemscited by 6
- 2024Conditional Quantile Estimation for Uncertain Watch Time in Short-Video Recommendationcited by 6
- 2025Relative Advantage Debiasing for Watch-Time Prediction in Short-Video Recommendationcited by 4
- 2024GPRec: Bi-level User Modeling for Deep Recommenderscited by 3
12 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2026Discovered, Not Designed: Population Evolution for Collaborative and Compute-Intensive Model Discovery5 Oct 2026
- 2026DP-Rec: Towards Dynamic Patching for Efficient Long-Sequence Recommendation26 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning Collective Dynamics with Differentiable Gaussian Representations23 Sep 2026
- 2026A Systematic Benchmark of Explainable Methods for Temporal Attribution in Sequential Recommendation Systems23 Sep 2026
- 2026Which LLM for Which Work? Budgeted Model Allocation under Uncertain Evaluation30 Aug 2026
- 2026Off-Policy Evaluation for Semantic ID Recommenders: Does the Model's Own Code Hierarchy Help?28 Aug 2026
- 2026Profiling What Matters: Context-Aware Item Profiles from Large-Scale Metadata for LLM Recommenders21 Aug 2026
- 2026Decoupled Temporal Encoding for Generative Recommendation17 Aug 2026
- 2026DualSpectralCF: Training-Free Sign-Aware Spectral Collaborative Filtering10 Aug 2026
- 2026ROCS: Request-Oriented Compute Sharing for Efficient Large-Scale Recommendation30 Jul 2026
- 2026AgentX: Towards Agent-Driven Self-Iteration of Industrial Recommender Systems25 Jun 2026
- 2026Decision-Calibrated Conformal Uncertainty for Pacing Decisions in Streaming Advertising8 Jun 2026
12 newest of 57 All 57 (JSON)