mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Guarantees for Epsilon-Greedy Reinforcement Learning with Function Approximation

arXiv 2206.09421 ↗First posted 19 Jun 2022cs.LGcited by 29

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Abstract (arXiv)

Myopic exploration policies such as epsilon-greedy, softmax, or Gaussian noise fail to explore efficiently in some reinforcement learning tasks and yet, they perform well in many others. In fact, in practice, they are often selected as the top choices, due to their simplicity. But, for what tasks do such policies succeed? Can we give theoretical guarantees for their favorable performance? These crucial questions have been scarcely investigated, despite the prominent practical importance of these policies. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of such policies and provides the first regret and sample-complexity bounds for reinforcement learning with myopic exploration. Our results apply to value-function-based algorithms in episodic MDPs with bounded Bellman Eluder dimension. We propose a new complexity measure called myopic exploration gap, denoted by alpha, that captures a structural property of the MDP, the exploration policy and the given value function class. We show that the sample-complexity of myopic exploration scales quadratically with the inverse of this quantity, 1 / alpha^2. We further demonstrate through concrete examples that myopic exploration gap is indeed favorable in several tasks where myopic exploration succeeds, due to the corresponding dynamics and reward structure.

Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jun 2022.

Builds on

21 of 45 references.

References · 21

  1. 2015Continuous control with deep reinforcement learningcited by 3,279
  2. 2018QT-Opt: Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Based Robotic Manipulationcited by 730
  3. 2019Provably Efficient Reinforcement Learning with Linear Function Approximationcited by 514
  4. 2016Contextual Decision Processes with Low Bellman Rank are PAC-Learnablecited by 290
  5. 2018Time-uniform, nonparametric, nonasymptotic confidence sequencescited by 220
  6. 2020Reward Machines: Exploiting Reward Function Structure in Reinforcement Learningcited by 183
  7. 2021Bilinear Classes: A Structural Framework for Provable Generalization in RLcited by 176
  8. 2021Pessimistic Model-based Offline Reinforcement Learning under Partial Coveragecited by 160
  9. 2017Deep Exploration via Randomized Value Functionscited by 155
  10. 2020Learning to Utilize Shaping Rewards: A New Approach of Reward Shapingcited by 112
  11. 2020Naive Exploration is Optimal for Online LQRcited by 111
  12. 2019Non-Asymptotic Gap-Dependent Regret Bounds for Tabular MDPscited by 104
9 more
  1. 2020Instance-Dependent Complexity of Contextual Bandits and Reinforcement Learning: A Disagreement-Based Perspectivecited by 78
  2. 2018On Oracle-Efficient PAC RL with Rich Observationscited by 71
  3. 2021On the Expressivity of Markov Rewardcited by 71
  4. 2021Feel-Good Thompson Sampling for Contextual Bandits and Reinforcement Learningcited by 65
  5. 2021Beyond No Regret: Instance-Dependent PAC Reinforcement Learningcited by 41
  6. 2021Beyond Value-Function Gaps: Improved Instance-Dependent Regret Bounds for Episodic Reinforcement Learningcited by 33
  7. 2020Temporally-Extended ε-Greedy Explorationcited by 29
  8. 2015Online Nonparametric Regression with General Loss Functionscited by 14
  9. 2018When Simple Exploration is Sample Efficient: Identifying Sufficient Conditions for Random Exploration to Yield PAC RL Algorithmscited by 11

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 8; 2024: 11; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.

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  5. 2023On the Convergence and Sample Complexity Analysis of Deep Q-Networks with ε-Greedy Explorationcited by 17
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  7. 2024Overcoming the Sim-to-Real Gap: Leveraging Simulation to Learn to Explore for Real-World RLcited by 17
  8. 2022Understanding Deep Neural Function Approximation in Reinforcement Learning via ε-Greedy Explorationcited by 11
  9. 2024The Central Role of the Loss Function in Reinforcement Learningcited by 8
  10. 2024Q-Star Meets Scalable Posterior Sampling: Bridging Theory and Practice via HyperAgentcited by 6
  11. 2024Random Latent Exploration for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
  12. 2025Automatic Reward Shaping from Confounded Offline Datacited by 6
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  4. 2024Towards Sample-Efficiency and Generalization of Transfer and Inverse Reinforcement Learning: A Comprehensive Literature Reviewcited by 3
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  6. 2024Cooperative Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning in Content Ranking Optimizationcited by 2
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  8. 2023State Representations as Incentives for Reinforcement Learning Agents: A Sim2Real Analysis on Robotic Graspingcited by 1
  9. 2024Sample Efficient Myopic Exploration Through Multitask Reinforcement Learning with Diverse Taskscited by 1
  10. 2024A Generative Framework for Predictive Modeling of Multiple Chronic Conditions Using Graph Variational Autoencoder and Bandit-Optimized Graph Neural Networkcited by 1
  11. 2025H-FEX: A Symbolic Learning Method for Hamiltonian Systemscited by 1
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