Practical Blind Image Denoising via Swin-Conv-UNet and Data Synthesis
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
While recent years have witnessed a dramatic upsurge of exploiting deep neural networks toward solving image denoising, existing methods mostly rely on simple noise assumptions, such as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), JPEG compression noise and camera sensor noise, and a general-purpose blind denoising method for real images remains unsolved. In this paper, we attempt to solve this problem from the perspective of network architecture design and training data synthesis. Specifically, for the network architecture design, we propose a swin-conv block to incorporate the local modeling ability of residual convolutional layer and non-local modeling ability of swin transformer block, and then plug it as the main building block into the widely-used image-to-image translation UNet architecture. For the training data synthesis, we design a practical noise degradation model which takes into consideration different kinds of noise (including Gaussian, Poisson, speckle, JPEG compression, and processed camera sensor noises) and resizing, and also involves a random shuffle strategy and a double degradation strategy. Extensive experiments on AGWN removal and real image denoising demonstrate that the new network architecture design achieves state-of-the-art performance and the new degradation model can help to significantly improve the practicability. We believe our work can provide useful insights into current denoising research.
Key facts. Cited by 85 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 33 of its 68 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Mar 2022.
Builds on
33 of 68 references.
References · 33
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
- 2016Identity Mappings in Deep Residual Networkscited by 1,960
- 2021SwinIR: Image Restoration Using Swin Transformercited by 1,869
- 2021Restormer: Efficient Transformer for High-Resolution Image Restorationcited by 1,618
- 2017Enhanced Deep Residual Networks for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 1,543
- 2016Beyond a Gaussian Denoiser: Residual Learning of Deep CNN for Image Denoisingcited by 1,352
- 2021Swin-Unet: Unet-like Pure Transformer for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 1,218
- 2021Real-ESRGAN: Training Real-World Blind Super-Resolution with Pure Synthetic Datacited by 961
- 2020Pre-Trained Image Processing Transformercited by 891
- 2021Uformer: A General U-Shaped Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 864
21 more
- 2021Designing a Practical Degradation Model for Deep Blind Image Super-Resolutioncited by 524
- 2017FFDNet: Toward a Fast and Flexible Solution for CNN based Image Denoisingcited by 509
- 2020Plug-and-Play Image Restoration with Deep Denoiser Priorcited by 467
- 2018Noise2Void - Learning Denoising from Single Noisy Imagescited by 359
- 2021CMT: Convolutional Neural Networks Meet Vision Transformerscited by 310
- 2018Toward Convolutional Blind Denoising of Real Photographscited by 274
- 2018Unprocessing Images for Learned Raw Denoisingcited by 250
- 2021Incorporating Convolution Designs into Visual Transformerscited by 248
- 2019Residual Non-local Attention Networks for Image Restorationcited by 236
- 2021LocalViT: Analyzing Locality in Vision Transformerscited by 228
- 2017Benchmarking Denoising Algorithms with Real Photographscited by 209
- 2015Trainable Nonlinear Reaction Diffusion: A Flexible Framework for Fast and Effective Image Restorationcited by 194
- 2018Residual Dense Network for Image Restorationcited by 181
- 2018Non-Local Recurrent Network for Image Restorationcited by 160
- 2016Learning a No-Reference Quality Metric for Single-Image Super-Resolutioncited by 143
- 2019Variational Denoising Network: Toward Blind Noise Modeling and Removalcited by 117
- 2018Neural Nearest Neighbors Networkscited by 98
- 2021Towards Flexible Blind JPEG Artifacts Removalcited by 76
- 2021BossNAS: Exploring Hybrid CNN-transformers with Block-wisely Self-supervised Neural Architecture Searchcited by 63
- 2021Dynamic Attentive Graph Learning for Image Restorationcited by 48
- 2016Non-Local Color Image Denoising with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 39
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 6; 2023: 15; 2024: 15; 2025: 24; 2026: 25.
85 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2024Scaling Up to Excellence: Practicing Model Scaling for Photo-Realistic Image Restoration In the Wildcited by 281
- 2023DiffBIR: Towards Blind Image Restoration with Generative Diffusion Priorcited by 255
- 2023HAT: Hybrid Attention Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 64
- 2023Masked Image Training for Generalizable Deep Image Denoisingcited by 57
- 2025Is Noise Conditioning Necessary for Denoising Generative Models?cited by 42
- 2025JarvisIR: Elevating Autonomous Driving Perception with Intelligent Image Restorationcited by 32
- 2025The Tenth NTIRE 2025 Image Denoising Challenge Reportcited by 21
- 2023SRFormerV2: Taking a Closer Look at Permuted Self-Attention for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 18
- 2023Improving Misaligned Multi-modality Image Fusion with One-stage Progressive Dense Registrationcited by 17
- 2022Scaling Laws For Deep Learning Based Image Reconstructioncited by 14
- 2023Scale-Equivariant Imaging: Self-Supervised Learning for Image Super-Resolution and Deblurringcited by 14
- 2025Hybrid Agents for Image Restorationcited by 14
38 more
- 2024PFStorer: Personalized Face Restoration and Super-Resolutioncited by 13
- 2023BSRAW: Improving Blind RAW Image Super-Resolutioncited by 11
- 2026NTIRE 2026 3D Restoration and Reconstruction in Real-world Adverse Conditions: RealX3D Challenge Resultscited by 11
- 2023Self-Supervised Scalable Deep Compressed Sensingcited by 8
- 2024Interpreting Low-level Vision Models with Causal Effect Mapscited by 8
- 2023Evaluating Similitude and Robustness of Deep Image Denoising Models via Adversarial Attackcited by 6
- 2023Fully 1×1 Convolutional Network for Lightweight Image Super-Resolutioncited by 6
- 2024The R2D2 deep neural network series paradigm for fast precision imaging in radio astronomycited by 6
- 2024MIPI 2024 Challenge on Demosaic for HybridEVS Camera: Methods and Resultscited by 6
- 2024FiRe: Fixed-points of Restoration Priors for Solving Inverse Problemscited by 6
- 2025Beyond Degradation Redundancy: Contrastive Prompt Learning for All-in-One Image Restorationcited by 6
- 2022Learning Task-Oriented Flows to Mutually Guide Feature Alignment in Synthesized and Real Video Denoisingcited by 5
- 2022Practical exposure correction via compensationcited by 5
- 2026Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoisingcited by 5
- 2022Semi-UFormer: Semi-supervised Uncertainty-aware Transformer for Image Dehazingcited by 4
- 2022Linear Combinations of Patches are Unreasonably Effective for Single-Image Denoisingcited by 4
- 2023Inheriting Bayer's Legacy-Joint Remosaicing and Denoising for Quad Bayer Image Sensorcited by 4
- 2023Restoring Images Captured in Arbitrary Hybrid Adverse Weather Conditions in One Gocited by 4
- 2024Kernel-U-Net: Multivariate Time Series Forecasting using Custom Kernelscited by 4
- 2024Self-Calibrated Variance-Stabilizing Transformations for Real-World Image Denoisingcited by 4
- 2024Image Denoising Using Green Channel Priorcited by 4
- 2025Enhancing Infrared Vision: Progressive Prompt Fusion Network and Benchmarkcited by 3
- 2026TPGDiff: Hierarchical Triple-Prior Guided Diffusion for Image Restorationcited by 3
- 2026ATD: Improved Transformer with Adaptive Token Dictionary for Image Restorationcited by 3
- 2022Deep Variation Prior: Joint Image Denoising and Noise Variance Estimation without Clean Datacited by 2
- 2025Enhancing kelp forest detection in remote sensing images using crowdsourced labels with Mixed Vision Transformers and ConvNeXt segmentation modelscited by 2
- 2025Striving for Faster and Better: A One-Layer Architecture with Auto Re-parameterization for Low-Light Image Enhancementcited by 2
- 2025Limited-angle x-ray nano-tomography with machine-learning enabled iterative reconstruction enginecited by 2
- 2025Classic Video Denoising in a Machine Learning World: Robust, Fast, and Controllablecited by 2
- 2025Multi-View Learning with Context-Guided Receptance for Image Denoisingcited by 2
- 2025Lightweight Quad Bayer HybridEVS Demosaicing via State Space Augmented Cross-Attentioncited by 2
- 2026What Time Is It? How Data Geometry Makes Time Conditioning Optional for Flow Matchingcited by 2
- 2024On normalization-equivariance properties of supervised and unsupervised denoising methods: a surveycited by 1
- 2024Scalable Non-Cartesian Magnetic Resonance Imaging with R2D2cited by 1
- 2024FM2S: Towards Spatially-Correlated Noise Modeling in Zero-Shot Fluorescence Microscopy Image Denoisingcited by 1
- 2024USEFUSE: Uniform Stride for Enhanced Performance in Fused Layer Architecture of Deep Neural Networkscited by 1
- 2025DeepExtractor: Time-domain reconstruction of signals and glitches in gravitational wave data with deep learningcited by 1
- 2025Reconstruct Anything Model: a lightweight general model for computational imagingcited by 1
50 most cited of 85 All 85 (JSON)
- 2026Benchmarking RAW and RGB Restoration in Image Signal Processors2 Sep 2026
- 2026NTIRE 2026 Low-light Enhancement: Twilight Cowboy Challenge10 Aug 2026
- 2026Trainable Nonexpansive Denoisers for Contractive Image Reconstruction25 Jul 2026
- 2026Stabilizing Deep Reconstruction Operators with Contractive Anchoring25 Jul 2026
- 2026A Reference-Free Framework for Evaluating Single-Frame ISP Pipelines25 Jul 2026
- 2026Small, Bias-Free, Blind and Convolutional Denoiser: A compact ConvNeXt U-Net for blind Gaussian color-image denoising24 Jul 2026
- 2026The Devil is in the Dark Pixels: Toward Brightness Bias-Robust Denoising15 Jul 2026
- 2026Why Low-Light Cameras Go Color Blind: Removing Color Bias in Raw Denoising13 Jul 2026
- 2026GALOSH: Blind, Training-Free Denoising of Raw Bayer and sRGB Images by Parallel-Friendly Local Shrinkage4 Jul 2026
- 2026FlowDec: Temporal Conditional Flow Decorruptor for Robust Continuous Vision-Language Navigation21 Jun 2026
- 2026The Third Challenge on Image Denoising at NTIRE 2026: Methods and Results14 Jun 2026
- 2026What Time Is It? How Data Geometry Makes Time Conditioning Optional for Flow Matching8 May 2026
38 more
- 2026Learning-based Statistical Refinement for Denoising5 May 2026
- 2026Exploring Time Conditioning in Diffusion Generative Models from Disjoint Noisy Data Manifolds28 Apr 2026
- 2026IR-Flow: Bridging Discriminative and Generative Image Restoration via Rectified Flow21 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoising13 Apr 2026
- 2026NTIRE 2026 3D Restoration and Reconstruction in Real-world Adverse Conditions: RealX3D Challenge Results5 Apr 2026
- 2026Derain-Agent: A Plug-and-Play Agent Framework for Rainy Image Restoration12 Mar 2026
- 2026Exploiting Intermediate Reconstructions in Optical Coherence Tomography for Test-Time Adaption of Medical Image Segmentation5 Mar 2026
- 2026ATD: Improved Transformer with Adaptive Token Dictionary for Image Restoration3 Mar 2026
- 2026Teacher-Guided Causal Interventions for Image Denoising: Orthogonal Content-Noise Disentanglement in Vision Transformers1 Mar 2026
- 2026Foundation Models for Medical Imaging: Status, Challenges, and Directions17 Feb 2026
- 2026CryoLVM: Self-supervised Learning from Cryo-EM Density Maps with Large Vision Models2 Feb 2026
- 2026Blind Ultrasound Image Enhancement via Self-Supervised Physics-Guided Degradation Modeling29 Jan 2026
- 2026TPGDiff: Hierarchical Triple-Prior Guided Diffusion for Image Restoration28 Jan 2026
- 2025SonarSweep: Fusing Sonar and Vision for Robust 3D Reconstruction via Plane Sweeping1 Nov 2025
- 2025Boosting Fidelity for Pre-Trained-Diffusion-Based Low-Light Image Enhancement via Condition Refinement20 Oct 2025
- 2025Enhancing Infrared Vision: Progressive Prompt Fusion Network and Benchmark10 Oct 2025
- 2025Transforming Noise Distributions with Histogram Matching: Towards a Single Denoiser for All8 Oct 2025
- 2025GARD: Gamma-based Anatomical Restoration and Denoising for Retinal OCT12 Sep 2025
- 2025Lightweight Quad Bayer HybridEVS Demosaicing via State Space Augmented Cross-Attention8 Aug 2025
- 2025Towards Robust Image Denoising with Scale Equivariance5 Aug 2025
- 2025Physical Degradation Model-Guided Interferometric Hyperspectral Reconstruction with Unfolding Transformer27 Jun 2025
- 2025Multi-View Learning with Context-Guided Receptance for Image Denoising5 May 2025
- 2025Modeling and Performance Analysis for Semantic Communications Based on Empirical Results29 Apr 2025
- 2025The Tenth NTIRE 2025 Image Denoising Challenge Report16 Apr 2025
- 2025Towards Realistic Low-Light Image Enhancement via ISP Driven Data Modeling16 Apr 2025
- 2025Beyond Degradation Redundancy: Contrastive Prompt Learning for All-in-One Image Restoration14 Apr 2025
- 2025JarvisIR: Elevating Autonomous Driving Perception with Intelligent Image Restoration5 Apr 2025
- 2025Classic Video Denoising in a Machine Learning World: Robust, Fast, and Controllable4 Apr 2025
- 2025Limited-angle x-ray nano-tomography with machine-learning enabled iterative reconstruction engine25 Mar 2025
- 2025Hybrid Agents for Image Restoration13 Mar 2025
- 2025Dream-IF: Dynamic Relative EnhAnceMent for Image Fusion13 Mar 2025
- 2025Interlaced R2D2 DNN Series for Scalable Non-Cartesian MRI with Sensitivity Self-calibration12 Mar 2025
- 2025Reconstruct Anything Model: a lightweight general model for computational imaging11 Mar 2025
- 2025Striving for Faster and Better: A One-Layer Architecture with Auto Re-parameterization for Low-Light Image Enhancement27 Feb 2025
- 2025Is Noise Conditioning Necessary for Denoising Generative Models?18 Feb 2025
- 2025DeepExtractor: Time-domain reconstruction of signals and glitches in gravitational wave data with deep learning30 Jan 2025
- 2025Enhancing kelp forest detection in remote sensing images using crowdsourced labels with Mixed Vision Transformers and ConvNeXt segmentation models23 Jan 2025
- 2024USEFUSE: Uniform Stride for Enhanced Performance in Fused Layer Architecture of Deep Neural Networks18 Dec 2024
50 newest of 85 All 85 (JSON)
- 2023DiffBIR: Towards Blind Image Restoration with Generative Diffusion Priorcited by 255
- 2025Is Noise Conditioning Necessary for Denoising Generative Models?cited by 42
- 2026TPGDiff: Hierarchical Triple-Prior Guided Diffusion for Image Restorationcited by 3
- 2026What Time Is It? How Data Geometry Makes Time Conditioning Optional for Flow Matchingcited by 2
- 2025GARD: Gamma-based Anatomical Restoration and Denoising for Retinal OCTcited by 1
- 2026Exploring Time Conditioning in Diffusion Generative Models from Disjoint Noisy Data Manifoldscited by 1
- 2025Boosting Fidelity for Pre-Trained-Diffusion-Based Low-Light Image Enhancement via Condition Refinementcited by 0
- 2026IR-Flow: Bridging Discriminative and Generative Image Restoration via Rectified Flowcited by 0
- 2026What Time Is It? How Data Geometry Makes Time Conditioning Optional for Flow Matching8 May 2026
- 2026Exploring Time Conditioning in Diffusion Generative Models from Disjoint Noisy Data Manifolds28 Apr 2026
- 2026IR-Flow: Bridging Discriminative and Generative Image Restoration via Rectified Flow21 Apr 2026
- 2026TPGDiff: Hierarchical Triple-Prior Guided Diffusion for Image Restoration28 Jan 2026
- 2025Boosting Fidelity for Pre-Trained-Diffusion-Based Low-Light Image Enhancement via Condition Refinement20 Oct 2025
- 2025GARD: Gamma-based Anatomical Restoration and Denoising for Retinal OCT12 Sep 2025
- 2025Is Noise Conditioning Necessary for Denoising Generative Models?18 Feb 2025
- 2023DiffBIR: Towards Blind Image Restoration with Generative Diffusion Prior29 Aug 2023
- 2025Hybrid Agents for Image Restorationcited by 14
- 2025Hybrid Agents for Image Restoration13 Mar 2025
- 2024Scaling Up to Excellence: Practicing Model Scaling for Photo-Realistic Image Restoration In the Wildcited by 281
- 2023HAT: Hybrid Attention Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 64
- 2023Masked Image Training for Generalizable Deep Image Denoisingcited by 57
- 2025The Tenth NTIRE 2025 Image Denoising Challenge Reportcited by 21
- 2023SRFormerV2: Taking a Closer Look at Permuted Self-Attention for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 18
- 2023Improving Misaligned Multi-modality Image Fusion with One-stage Progressive Dense Registrationcited by 17
- 2022Scaling Laws For Deep Learning Based Image Reconstructioncited by 14
- 2023Scale-Equivariant Imaging: Self-Supervised Learning for Image Super-Resolution and Deblurringcited by 14
- 2024PFStorer: Personalized Face Restoration and Super-Resolutioncited by 13
- 2023BSRAW: Improving Blind RAW Image Super-Resolutioncited by 11
- 2026NTIRE 2026 3D Restoration and Reconstruction in Real-world Adverse Conditions: RealX3D Challenge Resultscited by 11
- 2023Self-Supervised Scalable Deep Compressed Sensingcited by 8
12 most cited of 75 All 75 (JSON)
- 2026Benchmarking RAW and RGB Restoration in Image Signal Processors2 Sep 2026
- 2026NTIRE 2026 Low-light Enhancement: Twilight Cowboy Challenge10 Aug 2026
- 2026Trainable Nonexpansive Denoisers for Contractive Image Reconstruction25 Jul 2026
- 2026Stabilizing Deep Reconstruction Operators with Contractive Anchoring25 Jul 2026
- 2026A Reference-Free Framework for Evaluating Single-Frame ISP Pipelines25 Jul 2026
- 2026Small, Bias-Free, Blind and Convolutional Denoiser: A compact ConvNeXt U-Net for blind Gaussian color-image denoising24 Jul 2026
- 2026The Devil is in the Dark Pixels: Toward Brightness Bias-Robust Denoising15 Jul 2026
- 2026Why Low-Light Cameras Go Color Blind: Removing Color Bias in Raw Denoising13 Jul 2026
- 2026GALOSH: Blind, Training-Free Denoising of Raw Bayer and sRGB Images by Parallel-Friendly Local Shrinkage4 Jul 2026
- 2026FlowDec: Temporal Conditional Flow Decorruptor for Robust Continuous Vision-Language Navigation21 Jun 2026
- 2026The Third Challenge on Image Denoising at NTIRE 2026: Methods and Results14 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning-based Statistical Refinement for Denoising5 May 2026
12 newest of 75 All 75 (JSON)