mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Hybrid Agents for Image Restoration

arXiv 2503.10120 ↗First posted 13 Mar 2025cs.CV eess.IVcited by 17

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Multimodal and embodied agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Existing Image Restoration (IR) studies typically focus on task-specific or universal modes individually, relying on the mode selection of users and lacking the cooperation between multiple task-specific/universal restoration modes. This leads to insufficient interaction for unprofessional users and limits their restoration capability for complicated real-world applications. In this work, we present HybridAgent, intending to incorporate multiple restoration modes into a unified image restoration model and achieve intelligent and efficient user interaction through our proposed hybrid agents. Concretely, we propose the hybrid rule of fast, slow, and feedback restoration agents. Here, the slow restoration agent optimizes the powerful multimodal large language model (MLLM) with our proposed instruction-tuning dataset to identify degradations within images with ambiguous user prompts and invokes proper restoration tools accordingly. The fast restoration agent is designed based on a lightweight large language model (LLM) via in-context learning to understand the user prompts with simple and clear requirements, which can obviate the unnecessary time/resource costs of MLLM. Moreover, we introduce the mixed distortion removal mode for our HybridAgents, which is crucial but not concerned in previous agent-based works. It can effectively prevent the error propagation of step-by-step image restoration and largely improve the efficiency of the agent system. We validate the effectiveness of HybridAgent with both synthetic and real-world IR tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 67 of its 94 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2025.

Builds on

67 of 94 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024An Intelligent Agentic System for Complex Image Restoration Problems23 Oct
  2. 2024RestoreAgent: Autonomous Image Restoration Agent via Multimodal Large Language Models25 Jul

Other references · 65

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38 more
  1. 2024Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameterscited by 1,986
  2. 2016Photo-Realistic Single Image Super-Resolution Using a Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 1,908
  3. 2021SwinIR: Image Restoration Using Swin Transformercited by 1,887
  4. 2021Restormer: Efficient Transformer for High-Resolution Image Restorationcited by 1,627
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50 most cited of 65 All 65 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 12.

17 papers.

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  1. 2025NTIRE 2025 Challenge on Day and Night Raindrop Removal for Dual-Focused Images: Methods and Resultscited by 22
  2. 2026NTIRE 2026 Challenge on Short-form UGC Video Restoration in the Wild with Generative Models: Datasets, Methods and Resultscited by 14
  3. 2025Restore-R1: Efficient Image Restoration Agents via Reinforcement Learning with Multimodal LLM Perceptual Feedbackcited by 6
  4. 2025ClusIR: Towards Cluster-Guided All-in-One Image Restorationcited by 5
  5. 2026TIR-Agent: Training an Explorative and Efficient Agent for Image Restorationcited by 5
  6. 2026Self-Evolving Agentic Image Restoration via Deliberate Planning and Intuitive Executioncited by 4
  7. 2026PaAgent: Portrait-Aware Image Restoration Agent via Subjective-Objective Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
  8. 2026EpiAgent: An Agent-Centric System for Ancient Inscription Restorationcited by 2
  9. 2025Clear Roads, Clear Vision: Advancements in Multi-Weather Restoration for Smart Transportationcited by 1
  10. 2025OmniQuality-R: Advancing Reward Models Through All-Encompassing Quality Assessmentcited by 1
  11. 2026Derain-Agent: A Plug-and-Play Agent Framework for Rainy Image Restorationcited by 1
  12. 2026Causal-AgentIR: Self-Evolving Causal Memory for Adaptive Image Restoration Agentscited by 1
5 more
  1. 2026VQ-Jarvis: Retrieval-Augmented Video Restoration Agent with Sharp Vision and Fast Thoughtcited by 0
  2. 2026EvoIR-Agent: Self-Evolving Image Restoration Agentic System via Experience-Driven Learningcited by 0
  3. 2026HDRAgent: An Agentic Framework for Multi-Exposure HDR Imagingcited by 0
  4. 2026EORestore-Agent: Fidelity-Guided Agentic Restoration of Remote Sensing Images with Composite Degradationscited by 0
  5. 2026Look Before You Restore: Learning to Predict Before Acting for Agentic Image Restorationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Multi-Agent Image Restoration
  2. 2026HarnessIR: Harnessing Multimodal Foundation Models for Universal Real-World Image Restoration
  3. 2026DiTTo: Scalable Order-aware All-in-One Image Restoration Agent
  4. 2026OPERA: An Agent for Image Restoration with End-to-End Joint Planning-Execution Optimization
  5. 2025An Efficient and Mixed Heterogeneous Model for Image Restoration
  6. 2024LLMRA: Multi-modal Large Language Model based Restoration Assistant
  7. 2026Leveraging Multimodal Large Language Models for All-in-One Image Restoration via a Mixture of Frequency Experts
  8. 2024LossAgent: Towards Any Optimization Objectives for Image Processing with LLM Agents