Hybrid Agents for Image Restoration
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Multimodal and embodied agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Existing Image Restoration (IR) studies typically focus on task-specific or universal modes individually, relying on the mode selection of users and lacking the cooperation between multiple task-specific/universal restoration modes. This leads to insufficient interaction for unprofessional users and limits their restoration capability for complicated real-world applications. In this work, we present HybridAgent, intending to incorporate multiple restoration modes into a unified image restoration model and achieve intelligent and efficient user interaction through our proposed hybrid agents. Concretely, we propose the hybrid rule of fast, slow, and feedback restoration agents. Here, the slow restoration agent optimizes the powerful multimodal large language model (MLLM) with our proposed instruction-tuning dataset to identify degradations within images with ambiguous user prompts and invokes proper restoration tools accordingly. The fast restoration agent is designed based on a lightweight large language model (LLM) via in-context learning to understand the user prompts with simple and clear requirements, which can obviate the unnecessary time/resource costs of MLLM. Moreover, we introduce the mixed distortion removal mode for our HybridAgents, which is crucial but not concerned in previous agent-based works. It can effectively prevent the error propagation of step-by-step image restoration and largely improve the efficiency of the agent system. We validate the effectiveness of HybridAgent with both synthetic and real-world IR tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 67 of its 94 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2025.
Builds on
67 of 94 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2024An Intelligent Agentic System for Complex Image Restoration Problems23 Oct
- 2024RestoreAgent: Autonomous Image Restoration Agent via Multimodal Large Language Models25 Jul
Other references · 65
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- 2024Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameterscited by 1,986
- 2016Photo-Realistic Single Image Super-Resolution Using a Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 1,908
- 2021SwinIR: Image Restoration Using Swin Transformercited by 1,887
- 2021Restormer: Efficient Transformer for High-Resolution Image Restorationcited by 1,627
- 2017Enhanced Deep Residual Networks for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 1,552
- 2016Beyond a Gaussian Denoiser: Residual Learning of Deep CNN for Image Denoisingcited by 1,358
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- 2021Real-ESRGAN: Training Real-World Blind Super-Resolution with Pure Synthetic Datacited by 970
- 2021Uformer: A General U-Shaped Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 866
- 2018Residual Dense Network for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 799
- 2018Deep Retinex Decomposition for Low-Light Enhancementcited by 723
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- 2023EmbodiedGPT: Vision-Language Pre-Training via Embodied Chain of Thoughtcited by 279
- 2023DiffIR: Efficient Diffusion Model for Image Restorationcited by 255
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- 2017Attentive Generative Adversarial Network for Raindrop Removal from a Single Imagecited by 204
- 2023Generative Diffusion Prior for Unified Image Restoration and Enhancementcited by 199
- 2019Fast Underwater Image Enhancement for Improved Visual Perceptioncited by 183
- 2023Efficient and Explicit Modelling of Image Hierarchies for Image Restorationcited by 145
- 2024InstructIR: High-Quality Image Restoration Following Human Instructionscited by 140
- 2015Compression Artifacts Reduction by a Deep Convolutional Networkcited by 136
- 2023PromptIR: Prompting for All-in-One Blind Image Restorationcited by 114
- 2023Diffusion Models for Image Restoration and Enhancement: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 109
- 2022Deep Image Deblurring: A Surveycited by 94
- 2024OneRestore: A Universal Restoration Framework for Composite Degradationcited by 92
- 2022Practical Blind Image Denoising via Swin-Conv-UNet and Data Synthesiscited by 86
- 2024Towards Open-ended Visual Quality Comparisoncited by 85
- 2018Cycle-Dehaze: Enhanced CycleGAN for Single Image Dehazingcited by 79
- 2023ProRes: Exploring Degradation-aware Visual Prompt for Universal Image Restorationcited by 77
- 2021Towards Flexible Blind JPEG Artifacts Removalcited by 76
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 12.
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- 2025NTIRE 2025 Challenge on Day and Night Raindrop Removal for Dual-Focused Images: Methods and Resultscited by 22
- 2026NTIRE 2026 Challenge on Short-form UGC Video Restoration in the Wild with Generative Models: Datasets, Methods and Resultscited by 14
- 2025Restore-R1: Efficient Image Restoration Agents via Reinforcement Learning with Multimodal LLM Perceptual Feedbackcited by 6
- 2025ClusIR: Towards Cluster-Guided All-in-One Image Restorationcited by 5
- 2026TIR-Agent: Training an Explorative and Efficient Agent for Image Restorationcited by 5
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5 more
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- 2026Look Before You Restore: Learning to Predict Before Acting for Agentic Image Restorationcited by 0
- 2026Look Before You Restore: Learning to Predict Before Acting for Agentic Image Restoration14 Oct 2026
- 2026EORestore-Agent: Fidelity-Guided Agentic Restoration of Remote Sensing Images with Composite Degradations5 Oct 2026
- 2026Causal-AgentIR: Self-Evolving Causal Memory for Adaptive Image Restoration Agents23 Jul 2026
- 2026Self-Evolving Agentic Image Restoration via Deliberate Planning and Intuitive Execution27 Jun 2026
- 2026HDRAgent: An Agentic Framework for Multi-Exposure HDR Imaging8 Jun 2026
- 2026EvoIR-Agent: Self-Evolving Image Restoration Agentic System via Experience-Driven Learning21 May 2026
- 2026NTIRE 2026 Challenge on Short-form UGC Video Restoration in the Wild with Generative Models: Datasets, Methods and Results12 Apr 2026
- 2026EpiAgent: An Agent-Centric System for Ancient Inscription Restoration10 Apr 2026
- 2026TIR-Agent: Training an Explorative and Efficient Agent for Image Restoration29 Mar 2026
- 2026VQ-Jarvis: Retrieval-Augmented Video Restoration Agent with Sharp Vision and Fast Thought24 Mar 2026
- 2026PaAgent: Portrait-Aware Image Restoration Agent via Subjective-Objective Reinforcement Learning17 Mar 2026
- 2026Derain-Agent: A Plug-and-Play Agent Framework for Rainy Image Restoration12 Mar 2026
5 more
- 2025Restore-R1: Efficient Image Restoration Agents via Reinforcement Learning with Multimodal LLM Perceptual Feedback21 Dec 2025
- 2025ClusIR: Towards Cluster-Guided All-in-One Image Restoration11 Dec 2025
- 2025OmniQuality-R: Advancing Reward Models Through All-Encompassing Quality Assessment12 Oct 2025
- 2025Clear Roads, Clear Vision: Advancements in Multi-Weather Restoration for Smart Transportation10 Oct 2025
- 2025NTIRE 2025 Challenge on Day and Night Raindrop Removal for Dual-Focused Images: Methods and Results17 Apr 2025
- 2026TIR-Agent: Training an Explorative and Efficient Agent for Image Restorationcited by 5
- 2026Self-Evolving Agentic Image Restoration via Deliberate Planning and Intuitive Executioncited by 4
- 2026EpiAgent: An Agent-Centric System for Ancient Inscription Restorationcited by 2
- 2026HDRAgent: An Agentic Framework for Multi-Exposure HDR Imagingcited by 0
- 2026EORestore-Agent: Fidelity-Guided Agentic Restoration of Remote Sensing Images with Composite Degradationscited by 0
- 2026Look Before You Restore: Learning to Predict Before Acting for Agentic Image Restorationcited by 0
- 2026Look Before You Restore: Learning to Predict Before Acting for Agentic Image Restoration14 Oct 2026
- 2026EORestore-Agent: Fidelity-Guided Agentic Restoration of Remote Sensing Images with Composite Degradations5 Oct 2026
- 2026Self-Evolving Agentic Image Restoration via Deliberate Planning and Intuitive Execution27 Jun 2026
- 2026HDRAgent: An Agentic Framework for Multi-Exposure HDR Imaging8 Jun 2026
- 2026EpiAgent: An Agent-Centric System for Ancient Inscription Restoration10 Apr 2026
- 2026TIR-Agent: Training an Explorative and Efficient Agent for Image Restoration29 Mar 2026
- 2025Restore-R1: Efficient Image Restoration Agents via Reinforcement Learning with Multimodal LLM Perceptual Feedbackcited by 6
- 2026PaAgent: Portrait-Aware Image Restoration Agent via Subjective-Objective Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
- 2026EvoIR-Agent: Self-Evolving Image Restoration Agentic System via Experience-Driven Learningcited by 0
- 2026EvoIR-Agent: Self-Evolving Image Restoration Agentic System via Experience-Driven Learning21 May 2026
- 2026PaAgent: Portrait-Aware Image Restoration Agent via Subjective-Objective Reinforcement Learning17 Mar 2026
- 2025Restore-R1: Efficient Image Restoration Agents via Reinforcement Learning with Multimodal LLM Perceptual Feedback21 Dec 2025
- 2025NTIRE 2025 Challenge on Day and Night Raindrop Removal for Dual-Focused Images: Methods and Resultscited by 22
- 2026NTIRE 2026 Challenge on Short-form UGC Video Restoration in the Wild with Generative Models: Datasets, Methods and Resultscited by 14
- 2025ClusIR: Towards Cluster-Guided All-in-One Image Restorationcited by 5
- 2025Clear Roads, Clear Vision: Advancements in Multi-Weather Restoration for Smart Transportationcited by 1
- 2026Derain-Agent: A Plug-and-Play Agent Framework for Rainy Image Restorationcited by 1
- 2026Causal-AgentIR: Self-Evolving Causal Memory for Adaptive Image Restoration Agentscited by 1
- 2026Causal-AgentIR: Self-Evolving Causal Memory for Adaptive Image Restoration Agents23 Jul 2026
- 2026NTIRE 2026 Challenge on Short-form UGC Video Restoration in the Wild with Generative Models: Datasets, Methods and Results12 Apr 2026
- 2026Derain-Agent: A Plug-and-Play Agent Framework for Rainy Image Restoration12 Mar 2026
- 2025ClusIR: Towards Cluster-Guided All-in-One Image Restoration11 Dec 2025
- 2025Clear Roads, Clear Vision: Advancements in Multi-Weather Restoration for Smart Transportation10 Oct 2025
- 2025NTIRE 2025 Challenge on Day and Night Raindrop Removal for Dual-Focused Images: Methods and Results17 Apr 2025
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