mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Domain Generalization via Shuffled Style Assembly for Face Anti-Spoofing

arXiv 2203.05340 ↗First posted 10 Mar 2022cs.CVcited by 73

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Abstract (arXiv)

With diverse presentation attacks emerging continually, generalizable face anti-spoofing (FAS) has drawn growing attention. Most existing methods implement domain generalization (DG) on the complete representations. However, different image statistics may have unique properties for the FAS tasks. In this work, we separate the complete representation into content and style ones. A novel Shuffled Style Assembly Network (SSAN) is proposed to extract and reassemble different content and style features for a stylized feature space. Then, to obtain a generalized representation, a contrastive learning strategy is developed to emphasize liveness-related style information while suppress the domain-specific one. Finally, the representations of the correct assemblies are used to distinguish between living and spoofing during the inferring. On the other hand, despite the decent performance, there still exists a gap between academia and industry, due to the difference in data quantity and distribution. Thus, a new large-scale benchmark for FAS is built up to further evaluate the performance of algorithms in reality. Both qualitative and quantitative results on existing and proposed benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods. The codes will be available at https://github.com/wangzhuo2019/SSAN.

Key facts. Cited by 73 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 72 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Mar 2022.

Builds on

42 of 72 references.

References · 42

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 7,005
  3. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 6,013
  4. 2016Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detectioncited by 5,036
  5. 2020Bootstrap your own latent: A new approach to self-supervised Learningcited by 4,750
  6. 2020Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attentioncited by 4,586
  7. 2020Exploring Simple Siamese Representation Learningcited by 2,866
  8. 2015Learning Deep Features for Discriminative Localizationcited by 2,436
  9. 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 2,010
  10. 2014Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by Backpropagationcited by 1,917
  11. 2016Instance Normalization: The Missing Ingredient for Fast Stylizationcited by 1,198
  12. 2016Joint Face Detection and Alignment using Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networkscited by 903
30 more
  1. 2018Deep Face Recognition: A Surveycited by 276
  2. 2018Joint 3D Face Reconstruction and Dense Alignment with Position Map Regression Networkcited by 195
  3. 2020Searching Central Difference Convolutional Networks for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 173
  4. 2018Learning Deep Models for Face Anti-Spoofing: Binary or Auxiliary Supervisioncited by 167
  5. 2020Single-Side Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 139
  6. 2020CelebA-Spoof: Large-Scale Face Anti-Spoofing Dataset with Rich Annotationscited by 109
  7. 2020NAS-FAS: Static-Dynamic Central Difference Network Search for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 105
  8. 2020Cross-domain Face Presentation Attack Detection via Multi-domain Disentangled Representation Learningcited by 93
  9. 2019Regularized Fine-grained Meta Face Anti-spoofingcited by 86
  10. 2014Learn Convolutional Neural Network for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 80
  11. 2019Biometric Face Presentation Attack Detection with Multi-Channel Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 79
  12. 2019Deep Tree Learning for Zero-shot Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 73
  13. 2020CASIA-SURF CeFA: A Benchmark for Multi-modal Cross-ethnicity Face Anti-spoofingcited by 66
  14. 2020Face Anti-Spoofing Via Disentangled Representation Learningcited by 65
  15. 2021Deep Learning for Face Anti-Spoofing: A Surveycited by 65
  16. 2020Permuted AdaIN: Reducing the Bias Towards Global Statistics in Image Classificationcited by 63
  17. 2020Face Anti-Spoofing with Human Material Perceptioncited by 62
  18. 2018A Dataset and Benchmark for Large-scale Multi-modal Face Anti-spoofingcited by 51
  19. 2021Self-Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 49
  20. 2021Adaptive Normalized Representation Learning for Generalizable Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 49
  21. 2021Dual-Cross Central Difference Network for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 47
  22. 2021Dual Reweighting Domain Generalization for Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 47
  23. 2021Generalizable Representation Learning for Mixture Domain Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 46
  24. 2019Learning Meta Model for Zero- and Few-shot Face Anti-spoofingcited by 44
  25. 2021Contrastive Context-Aware Learning for 3D High-Fidelity Mask Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 43
  26. 2021Meta-Teacher For Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 33
  27. 20203D Face Anti-spoofing with Factorized Bilinear Codingcited by 20
  28. 2021Few-Shot Domain Expansion for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 7
  29. 2019Generalized Presentation Attack Detection: a face anti-spoofing evaluation proposalcited by 4
  30. 2019Style Transfer Applied to Face Liveness Detection with User-Centered Modelscited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 7; 2023: 23; 2024: 21; 2025: 16; 2026: 6.

73 papers.

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  1. 2023AvatarReX: Real-time Expressive Full-body Avatarscited by 84
  2. 2023Rethinking Domain Generalization for Face Anti-spoofing: Separability and Alignmentcited by 48
  3. 2023FLIP: Cross-domain Face Anti-spoofing with Language Guidancecited by 45
  4. 2023Instance-Aware Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 42
  5. 2023A Sentence Speaks a Thousand Images: Domain Generalization through Distilling CLIP with Language Guidancecited by 40
  6. 2024SHIELD : An Evaluation Benchmark for Face Spoofing and Forgery Detection with Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 40
  7. 2024CFPL-FAS: Class Free Prompt Learning for Generalizable Face Anti-spoofingcited by 39
  8. 2024Gradient Alignment for Cross-Domain Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 27
  9. 2022Benchmarking Joint Face Spoofing and Forgery Detection with Visual and Physiological Cuescited by 24
  10. 2024FSFM: A Generalizable Face Security Foundation Model via Self-Supervised Facial Representation Learningcited by 23
  11. 2024DGMamba: Domain Generalization via Generalized State Space Modelcited by 21
  12. 2024Test-Time Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 20
38 more
  1. 2024Unified Physical-Digital Face Attack Detectioncited by 17
  2. 2024Towards Data-Centric Face Anti-Spoofing: Improving Cross-domain Generalization via Physics-based Data Synthesiscited by 16
  3. 2023Dual-path TokenLearner for Remote Photoplethysmography-based Physiological Measurement with Facial Videoscited by 15
  4. 2023Surveillance Face Anti-spoofingcited by 12
  5. 2023S-Adapter: Generalizing Vision Transformer for Face Anti-Spoofing with Statistical Tokenscited by 11
  6. 2022Cyclically Disentangled Feature Translation for Face Anti-spoofingcited by 10
  7. 2023Diverse Target and Contribution Scheduling for Domain Generalizationcited by 10
  8. 2023Visual Prompt Flexible-Modal Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 9
  9. 2023Domain Generalization Guided by Gradient Signal to Noise Ratio of Parameterscited by 9
  10. 2024DiffFAS: Face Anti-Spoofing via Generative Diffusion Modelscited by 7
  11. 2025Domain Generalization for Face Anti-spoofing via Content-aware Composite Prompt Engineeringcited by 7
  12. 2023Domain Generalization via Ensemble Stacking for Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 6
  13. 2024Benchmarking Cross-Domain Audio-Visual Deception Detectioncited by 6
  14. 2024Generalized Face Anti-spoofing via Finer Domain Partition and Disentangling Liveness-irrelevant Factorscited by 6
  15. 2025FaceShield: Explainable Face Anti-Spoofing with Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 6
  16. 2022Self-Supervised Face Presentation Attack Detection with Dynamic Grayscale Snippetscited by 5
  17. 2022Generalized Face Anti-Spoofing via Multi-Task Learning and One-Side Meta Triplet Losscited by 5
  18. 2024Selective Domain-Invariant Feature for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 5
  19. 2024Confidence Aware Learning for Reliable Face Anti-spoofingcited by 5
  20. 2025Optimal Transport-Guided Source-Free Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 5
  21. 2025Harnessing Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 5
  22. 2023Liveness score-based regression neural networks for face anti-spoofingcited by 4
  23. 2024Generalized Face Liveness Detection via De-fake Face Generatorcited by 4
  24. 2024Adversarial Attacks on Both Face Recognition and Face Anti-spoofing Modelscited by 4
  25. 2025DADM: Dual Alignment of Domain and Modality for Face Anti-spoofingcited by 4
  26. 2026Benchmarking Vision Foundation Models for Domain-Generalizable Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 4
  27. 2025Domain Generalization via Discrete Codebook Learningcited by 3
  28. 2025InstructFLIP: Exploring Unified Vision-Language Model for Face Anti-spoofingcited by 3
  29. 2022Domain Decorrelation with Potential Energy Rankingcited by 2
  30. 2023Robust face anti-spoofing framework with Convolutional Vision Transformercited by 2
  31. 2023TeG-DG: Textually Guided Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 2
  32. 2024Modeling Spoof Noise by De-spoofing Diffusion and its Application in Face Anti-spoofingcited by 2
  33. 2024Rethinking the Threat and Accessibility of Adversarial Attacks against Face Recognition Systemscited by 2
  34. 2022A Survey of Face Recognitioncited by 1
  35. 2023EnfoMax: Domain Entropy and Mutual Information Maximization for Domain Generalized Face Anti-spoofingcited by 1
  36. 2023Single Domain Dynamic Generalization for Iris Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 1
  37. 2023A Closer Look at Geometric Temporal Dynamics for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 1
  38. 2023Hyperbolic Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 1

50 most cited of 73 All 73 (JSON)