mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Learn Convolutional Neural Network for Face Anti-Spoofing

arXiv 1408.5601 ↗First posted 24 Aug 2014cs.CVcited by 80

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Abstract (arXiv)

Though having achieved some progresses, the hand-crafted texture features, e.g., LBP [23], LBP-TOP [11] are still unable to capture the most discriminative cues between genuine and fake faces. In this paper, instead of designing feature by ourselves, we rely on the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to learn features of high discriminative ability in a supervised manner. Combined with some data pre-processing, the face anti-spoofing performance improves drastically. In the experiments, over 70% relative decrease of Half Total Error Rate (HTER) is achieved on two challenging datasets, CASIA [36] and REPLAY-ATTACK [7] compared with the state-of-the-art. Meanwhile, the experimental results from inter-tests between two datasets indicates CNN can obtain features with better generalization ability. Moreover, the nets trained using combined data from two datasets have less biases between two datasets.

Key facts. Cited by 80 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Aug 2014.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 28; 2022: 19; 2023: 15; 2024: 10; 2025: 6; 2026: 2.

80 papers.

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  1. 2021Domain Generalization: A Surveycited by 760
  2. 2022Domain Generalization via Shuffled Style Assembly for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 73
  3. 2021Deep Learning for Face Anti-Spoofing: A Surveycited by 64
  4. 2021Self-Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 49
  5. 2021Adaptive Normalized Representation Learning for Generalizable Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 49
  6. 2021Dual Reweighting Domain Generalization for Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 47
  7. 2023Rethinking Domain Generalization for Face Anti-spoofing: Separability and Alignmentcited by 47
  8. 2021Generalizable Representation Learning for Mixture Domain Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 46
  9. 2021Contrastive Context-Aware Learning for 3D High-Fidelity Mask Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 43
  10. 2023Instance-Aware Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 42
  11. 2022Adaptive Transformers for Robust Few-shot Cross-domain Face Anti-spoofingcited by 38
  12. 2021Meta-Teacher For Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 33
38 more
  1. 2022Generative Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 33
  2. 2021Unified Detection of Digital and Physical Face Attackscited by 31
  3. 2021Learning Meta Pattern for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 29
  4. 2022Adaptive Mixture of Experts Learning for Generalizable Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 28
  5. 2021Feature Generation and Hypothesis Verification for Reliable Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 23
  6. 2023FM-ViT: Flexible Modal Vision Transformers for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 22
  7. 2024Test-Time Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 20
  8. 2022Digital and Physical Face Attacks: Reviewing and One Step Furthercited by 17
  9. 2023SynthASpoof: Developing Face Presentation Attack Detection Based on Privacy-friendly Synthetic Datacited by 17
  10. 2025FoundPAD: Foundation Models Reloaded for Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 14
  11. 2022One-Class Knowledge Distillation for Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 12
  12. 2023Surveillance Face Anti-spoofingcited by 12
  13. 2021Consistency Regularization for Deep Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 10
  14. 2022A temporal chrominance trigger for clean-label backdoor attack against anti-spoof rebroadcast detectioncited by 10
  15. 2021Camera Invariant Feature Learning for Generalized Face Anti-spoofingcited by 9
  16. 2021Federated Generalized Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 9
  17. 2021On the Generalisation Capabilities of Fisher Vector based Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 8
  18. 2021FRT-PAD: Effective Presentation Attack Detection Driven by Face Related Taskcited by 7
  19. 2022VLAD-VSA: Cross-Domain Face Presentation Attack Detection with Vocabulary Separation and Adaptationcited by 7
  20. 2023Face Presentation Attack Detection by Excavating Causal Clues and Adapting Embedding Statisticscited by 7
  21. 2024DiffFAS: Face Anti-Spoofing via Generative Diffusion Modelscited by 7
  22. 2021Unsupervised Compound Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 6
  23. 2021Myope Models -- Are face presentation attack detection models short-sighted?cited by 6
  24. 2024Generalized Face Anti-spoofing via Finer Domain Partition and Disentangling Liveness-irrelevant Factorscited by 6
  25. 2021Taming Self-Supervised Learning for Presentation Attack Detection: De-Folding and De-Mixingcited by 5
  26. 2022Learning Multiple Explainable and Generalizable Cues for Face Anti-spoofingcited by 5
  27. 2022Generalized Face Anti-Spoofing via Multi-Task Learning and One-Side Meta Triplet Losscited by 5
  28. 2023M3FAS: An Accurate and Robust MultiModal Mobile Face Anti-Spoofing Systemcited by 5
  29. 2024Confidence Aware Learning for Reliable Face Anti-spoofingcited by 5
  30. 2024Generalized Face Liveness Detection via De-fake Face Generatorcited by 4
  31. 2025DADM: Dual Alignment of Domain and Modality for Face Anti-spoofingcited by 4
  32. 2021A Compact Deep Learning Model for Face Spoofing Detectioncited by 3
  33. 2021Shuffled Patch-Wise Supervision for Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 3
  34. 2021Review of Face Presentation Attack Detection Competitionscited by 3
  35. 2022Learning Polysemantic Spoof Trace: A Multi-Modal Disentanglement Network for Face Anti-spoofingcited by 3
  36. 2023AdvFAS: A robust face anti-spoofing framework against adversarial examplescited by 3
  37. 2025InstructFLIP: Exploring Unified Vision-Language Model for Face Anti-spoofingcited by 3
  38. 2021Domain Generalization with Pseudo-Domain Label for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 2

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