DeepFusionMOT: A 3D Multi-Object Tracking Framework Based on Camera-LiDAR Fusion with Deep Association
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Abstract (arXiv)
In the recent literature, on the one hand, many 3D multi-object tracking (MOT) works have focused on tracking accuracy and neglected computation speed, commonly by designing rather complex cost functions and feature extractors. On the other hand, some methods have focused too much on computation speed at the expense of tracking accuracy. In view of these issues, this paper proposes a robust and fast camera-LiDAR fusion-based MOT method that achieves a good trade-off between accuracy and speed. Relying on the characteristics of camera and LiDAR sensors, an effective deep association mechanism is designed and embedded in the proposed MOT method. This association mechanism realizes tracking of an object in a 2D domain when the object is far away and only detected by the camera, and updating of the 2D trajectory with 3D information obtained when the object appears in the LiDAR field of view to achieve a smooth fusion of 2D and 3D trajectories. Extensive experiments based on the typical datasets indicate that our proposed method presents obvious advantages over the state-of-the-art MOT methods in terms of both tracking accuracy and processing speed. Our code is made publicly available for the benefit of the community.
Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Feb 2022.
Builds on
35 of 48 references.
References · 35
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- 2018YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvementcited by 2,652
- 2018Dynamic Graph CNN for Learning on Point Cloudscited by 2,220
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- 2017Cascade R-CNN: Delving into High Quality Object Detectioncited by 1,275
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- 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 939
- 2017Simple Online and Realtime Tracking with a Deep Association Metriccited by 908
- 2016Simple Online and Realtime Trackingcited by 862
- 2020HOTA: A Higher Order Metric for Evaluating Multi-Object Trackingcited by 546
- 2020FairMOT: On the Fairness of Detection and Re-Identification in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 489
23 more
- 2019Tracking without bells and whistlescited by 382
- 2020Point-GNN: Graph Neural Network for 3D Object Detection in a Point Cloudcited by 335
- 2019Towards Real-Time Multi-Object Trackingcited by 311
- 2019MOTS: Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentationcited by 222
- 2020Quasi-Dense Similarity Learning for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 220
- 2018DynaSLAM: Tracking, Mapping and Inpainting in Dynamic Scenescited by 130
- 2020GNN3DMOT: Graph Neural Network for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Multi-Feature Learningcited by 113
- 2021EagerMOT: 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Sensor Fusioncited by 83
- 2021Monocular Quasi-Dense 3D Object Trackingcited by 80
- 2020Probabilistic 3D Multi-Modal, Multi-Object Tracking for Autonomous Drivingcited by 73
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- 2020DOT: Dynamic Object Tracking for Visual SLAMcited by 16
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 8; 2024: 10; 2025: 7; 2026: 5.
33 papers.
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- 2022CAMO-MOT: Combined Appearance-Motion Optimization for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Camera-LiDAR Fusioncited by 50
- 2022ShaSTA: Modeling Shape and Spatio-Temporal Affinities for 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 21
- 2024MCTrack: A Unified 3D Multi-Object Tracking Framework for Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
- 2022GNN-PMB: A Simple but Effective Online 3D Multi-Object Tracker without Bells and Whistlescited by 15
- 2024Fast-Poly: A Fast Polyhedral Framework For 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 11
- 2023LEGO: Learning and Graph-Optimized Modular Tracker for Online Multi-Object Tracking with Point Cloudscited by 9
- 2024RobMOT: Robust 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Observational Noise and State Estimation Drift Mitigation on LiDAR PointCloudcited by 9
- 2025What Really Matters for Robust Multi-Sensor HD Map Construction?cited by 9
- 2023You Only Need Two Detectors to Achieve Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 8
- 2023DFR-FastMOT: Detection Failure Resistant Tracker for Fast Multi-Object Tracking Based on Sensor Fusioncited by 4
- 20233D Multiple Object Tracking on Autonomous Driving: A Literature Reviewcited by 4
- 20233D Multi-Object Tracking Based on Uncertainty-Guided Data Associationcited by 3
21 more
- 2023Benchmarking Robustness of AI-Enabled Multi-sensor Fusion Systems: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 3
- 2024StreamMOTP: Streaming and Unified Framework for Joint 3D Multi-Object Tracking and Trajectory Predictioncited by 3
- 2025HybridTrack: A Hybrid Approach for Robust Multi-Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2024RockTrack: A 3D Robust Multi-Camera-Ken Multi-Object Tracking Frameworkcited by 2
- 2024CrossTracker: Robust Multi-modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Cross Correctioncited by 2
- 2026Offline-Poly: A Polyhedral Framework For Offline 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2026Whareformer: Learning to Track What is Where in Long Egocentric Videoscited by 2
- 2023FishMOT: A Simple and Effective Method for Fish Tracking Based on IoU Matchingcited by 1
- 2023ShaSTA-Fuse: Camera-LiDAR Sensor Fusion to Model Shape and Spatio-Temporal Affinities for 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2024Multi-Object Tracking with Camera-LiDAR Fusion for Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2024Continuously Optimizing Radar Placement with Model Predictive Path Integralscited by 1
- 2024Simultaneous Diffusion Sampling for Conditional LiDAR Generationcited by 1
- 2025Easy-Poly: An Easy Polyhedral Framework For 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2025OptiPMB: Enhancing 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Optimized Poisson Multi-Bernoulli Filteringcited by 1
- 2025Towards Accurate State Estimation: Motion Dynamics Kalman Filter for 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2025Enhancing Multi-Camera Gymnast Tracking Through Domain Knowledge Integrationcited by 1
- 2026Fusion-Poly: A Polyhedral Framework Based on Spatial-Temporal Fusion for 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2026Does Appearance Help? A Systematic Study of Image-Based Re-Identification in Online 3D Multi-Pedestrian Trackingcited by 1
- 2026Polycepta: Object-Centric Appearance Estimation for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2024RegTrack: Simplicity Beneath Complexity in Robust Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2025S3MOT: Monocular 3D Object Tracking with Selective State Space Modelcited by 0
- 2026Whareformer: Learning to Track What is Where in Long Egocentric Videos9 Jul 2026
- 2026Polycepta: Object-Centric Appearance Estimation for Multi-Object Tracking22 Jun 2026
- 2026Does Appearance Help? A Systematic Study of Image-Based Re-Identification in Online 3D Multi-Pedestrian Tracking5 Jun 2026
- 2026Fusion-Poly: A Polyhedral Framework Based on Spatial-Temporal Fusion for 3D Multi-Object Tracking9 Mar 2026
- 2026Offline-Poly: A Polyhedral Framework For Offline 3D Multi-Object Tracking14 Feb 2026
- 2025Enhancing Multi-Camera Gymnast Tracking Through Domain Knowledge Integration20 Nov 2025
- 2025What Really Matters for Robust Multi-Sensor HD Map Construction?2 Jul 2025
- 2025Towards Accurate State Estimation: Motion Dynamics Kalman Filter for 3D Multi-Object Tracking12 May 2025
- 2025S3MOT: Monocular 3D Object Tracking with Selective State Space Model25 Apr 2025
- 2025OptiPMB: Enhancing 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Optimized Poisson Multi-Bernoulli Filtering17 Mar 2025
- 2025Easy-Poly: An Easy Polyhedral Framework For 3D Multi-Object Tracking25 Feb 2025
- 2025HybridTrack: A Hybrid Approach for Robust Multi-Object Tracking2 Jan 2025
21 more
- 2024CrossTracker: Robust Multi-modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Cross Correction28 Nov 2024
- 2024Simultaneous Diffusion Sampling for Conditional LiDAR Generation15 Oct 2024
- 2024MCTrack: A Unified 3D Multi-Object Tracking Framework for Autonomous Driving23 Sep 2024
- 2024RockTrack: A 3D Robust Multi-Camera-Ken Multi-Object Tracking Framework18 Sep 2024
- 2024RegTrack: Simplicity Beneath Complexity in Robust Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking1 Sep 2024
- 2024StreamMOTP: Streaming and Unified Framework for Joint 3D Multi-Object Tracking and Trajectory Prediction28 Jun 2024
- 2024Continuously Optimizing Radar Placement with Model Predictive Path Integrals29 May 2024
- 2024RobMOT: Robust 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Observational Noise and State Estimation Drift Mitigation on LiDAR PointCloud19 May 2024
- 2024Fast-Poly: A Fast Polyhedral Framework For 3D Multi-Object Tracking20 Mar 2024
- 2024Multi-Object Tracking with Camera-LiDAR Fusion for Autonomous Driving6 Mar 2024
- 2023ShaSTA-Fuse: Camera-LiDAR Sensor Fusion to Model Shape and Spatio-Temporal Affinities for 3D Multi-Object Tracking4 Oct 2023
- 20233D Multiple Object Tracking on Autonomous Driving: A Literature Review27 Sep 2023
- 2023FishMOT: A Simple and Effective Method for Fish Tracking Based on IoU Matching6 Sep 2023
- 2023LEGO: Learning and Graph-Optimized Modular Tracker for Online Multi-Object Tracking with Point Clouds19 Aug 2023
- 2023Benchmarking Robustness of AI-Enabled Multi-sensor Fusion Systems: Challenges and Opportunities6 Jun 2023
- 2023You Only Need Two Detectors to Achieve Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking18 Apr 2023
- 20233D Multi-Object Tracking Based on Uncertainty-Guided Data Association3 Mar 2023
- 2023DFR-FastMOT: Detection Failure Resistant Tracker for Fast Multi-Object Tracking Based on Sensor Fusion28 Feb 2023
- 2022ShaSTA: Modeling Shape and Spatio-Temporal Affinities for 3D Multi-Object Tracking8 Nov 2022
- 2022CAMO-MOT: Combined Appearance-Motion Optimization for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Camera-LiDAR Fusion6 Sep 2022
- 2022GNN-PMB: A Simple but Effective Online 3D Multi-Object Tracker without Bells and Whistles21 Jun 2022
- 2022CAMO-MOT: Combined Appearance-Motion Optimization for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Camera-LiDAR Fusioncited by 50
- 2022ShaSTA: Modeling Shape and Spatio-Temporal Affinities for 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 21
- 2024MCTrack: A Unified 3D Multi-Object Tracking Framework for Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
- 2022GNN-PMB: A Simple but Effective Online 3D Multi-Object Tracker without Bells and Whistlescited by 15
- 2024Fast-Poly: A Fast Polyhedral Framework For 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 11
- 2023LEGO: Learning and Graph-Optimized Modular Tracker for Online Multi-Object Tracking with Point Cloudscited by 9
- 2024RobMOT: Robust 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Observational Noise and State Estimation Drift Mitigation on LiDAR PointCloudcited by 9
- 2025What Really Matters for Robust Multi-Sensor HD Map Construction?cited by 9
- 2023You Only Need Two Detectors to Achieve Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 8
- 2023DFR-FastMOT: Detection Failure Resistant Tracker for Fast Multi-Object Tracking Based on Sensor Fusioncited by 4
- 20233D Multiple Object Tracking on Autonomous Driving: A Literature Reviewcited by 4
- 20233D Multi-Object Tracking Based on Uncertainty-Guided Data Associationcited by 3
12 most cited of 30 All 30 (JSON)
- 2026Whareformer: Learning to Track What is Where in Long Egocentric Videos9 Jul 2026
- 2026Polycepta: Object-Centric Appearance Estimation for Multi-Object Tracking22 Jun 2026
- 2026Does Appearance Help? A Systematic Study of Image-Based Re-Identification in Online 3D Multi-Pedestrian Tracking5 Jun 2026
- 2026Fusion-Poly: A Polyhedral Framework Based on Spatial-Temporal Fusion for 3D Multi-Object Tracking9 Mar 2026
- 2026Offline-Poly: A Polyhedral Framework For Offline 3D Multi-Object Tracking14 Feb 2026
- 2025Enhancing Multi-Camera Gymnast Tracking Through Domain Knowledge Integration20 Nov 2025
- 2025What Really Matters for Robust Multi-Sensor HD Map Construction?2 Jul 2025
- 2025Towards Accurate State Estimation: Motion Dynamics Kalman Filter for 3D Multi-Object Tracking12 May 2025
- 2025OptiPMB: Enhancing 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Optimized Poisson Multi-Bernoulli Filtering17 Mar 2025
- 2025Easy-Poly: An Easy Polyhedral Framework For 3D Multi-Object Tracking25 Feb 2025
- 2025HybridTrack: A Hybrid Approach for Robust Multi-Object Tracking2 Jan 2025
- 2024CrossTracker: Robust Multi-modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Cross Correction28 Nov 2024
12 newest of 30 All 30 (JSON)