The Devil is in the Task: Exploiting Reciprocal Appearance-Localization Features for Monocular 3D Object Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
Low-cost monocular 3D object detection plays a fundamental role in autonomous driving, whereas its accuracy is still far from satisfactory. In this paper, we dig into the 3D object detection task and reformulate it as the sub-tasks of object localization and appearance perception, which benefits to a deep excavation of reciprocal information underlying the entire task. We introduce a Dynamic Feature Reflecting Network, named DFR-Net, which contains two novel standalone modules: (i) the Appearance-Localization Feature Reflecting module (ALFR) that first separates taskspecific features and then self-mutually reflects the reciprocal features; (ii) the Dynamic Intra-Trading module (DIT) that adaptively realigns the training processes of various sub-tasks via a self-learning manner. Extensive experiments on the challenging KITTI dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization of DFR-Net. We rank 1st among all the monocular 3D object detectors in the KITTI test set (till March 16th, 2021). The proposed method is also easy to be plug-and-play in many cutting-edge 3D detection frameworks at negligible cost to boost performance. The code will be made publicly available.
Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Dec 2021.
Builds on
27 of 38 references.
References · 27
- 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
- 2015SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detectorcited by 3,125
- 2018YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvementcited by 2,652
- 2019Objects as Pointscited by 1,172
- 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 939
- 2016Multi-View 3D Object Detection Network for Autonomous Drivingcited by 721
- 2018Deep Ordinal Regression Network for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 721
- 2017Frustum PointNets for 3D Object Detection from RGB-D Datacited by 640
- 2018Pseudo-LiDAR from Visual Depth Estimation: Bridging the Gap in 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 455
- 2021Categorical Depth Distribution Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 326
- 20163D Bounding Box Estimation Using Deep Learning and Geometrycited by 277
- 2019M3D-RPN: Monocular 3D Region Proposal Network for Object Detectioncited by 251
15 more
- 2019Disentangling Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 215
- 2019Pseudo-LiDAR++: Accurate Depth for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 188
- 2019Learning Depth-Guided Convolutions for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 169
- 2020MonoPair: Monocular 3D Object Detection Using Pairwise Spatial Relationshipscited by 153
- 2020RTM3D: Real-time Monocular 3D Detection from Object Keypoints for Autonomous Drivingcited by 150
- 2019Accurate Monocular Object Detection via Color-Embedded 3D Reconstruction for Autonomous Drivingcited by 137
- 2018ROI-10D: Monocular Lifting of 2D Detection to 6D Pose and Metric Shapecited by 123
- 2020Kinematic 3D Object Detection in Monocular Videocited by 116
- 2019Monocular 3D Object Detection with Pseudo-LiDAR Point Cloudcited by 113
- 2020Rethinking Pseudo-LiDAR Representationcited by 109
- 2019Monocular 3D Object Detection Leveraging Accurate Proposals and Shape Reconstructioncited by 106
- 2018MonoGRNet: A Geometric Reasoning Network for Monocular 3D Object Localizationcited by 84
- 2019Deep Fitting Degree Scoring Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 67
- 2020Associate-3Ddet: Perceptual-to-Conceptual Association for 3D Point Cloud Object Detectioncited by 31
- 20203DCFS: Fast and Robust Joint 3D Semantic-Instance Segmentation via Coupled Feature Selectioncited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 19; 2023: 9; 2024: 4; 2025: 2.
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- 2022BEVDet4D: Exploit Temporal Cues in Multi-camera 3D Object Detectioncited by 340
- 2022Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wildcited by 159
- 20223D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 132
- 2022MonoDTR: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Aware Transformercited by 108
- 20223D Object Detection from Images for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 66
- 2022DEVIANT: Depth EquiVarIAnt NeTwork for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 48
- 2022Cross-Modality Knowledge Distillation Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 48
- 2022Diversity Matters: Fully Exploiting Depth Clues for Reliable Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 45
- 2022DID-M3D: Decoupling Instance Depth for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 39
- 2022Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth from Motioncited by 38
- 2022MonoGround: Detecting Monocular 3D Objects from the Groundcited by 37
- 2022Pseudo-Stereo for Monocular 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
22 more
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- 2022Homography Loss for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 24
- 2022Mix-Teaching: A Simple, Unified and Effective Semi-Supervised Learning Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 23
- 2023ByteTrackV2: 2D and 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 20
- 2023Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Object Detection using Multi-View Projection and Direction Consistencycited by 18
- 2023MonoLSS: Learnable Sample Selection For Monocular 3D Detectioncited by 18
- 2023Delving into Motion-Aware Matching for Monocular 3D Object Trackingcited by 11
- 2023SSD-MonoDETR: Supervised Scale-aware Deformable Transformer for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 9
- 2023Monocular 3D Object Detection with Bounding Box Denoising in 3D by Perceivercited by 7
- 2022Ground Plane Matters: Picking Up Ground Plane Prior in Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 5
- 2024RePLAy: Remove Projective LiDAR Depthmap Artifacts via Exploiting Epipolar Geometrycited by 4
- 2022Delving into the Pre-training Paradigm of Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 2
- 2022An Empirical Study of Pseudo-Labeling for Image-based 3D Object Detectioncited by 2
- 2024Sparse Points to Dense Clouds: Enhancing 3D Detection with Limited LiDAR Datacited by 2
- 2024Fully Test-Time Adaptation for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 2
- 2024Improving Batch Normalization with TTA for Robust Object Detection in Self-Drivingcited by 1
- 2025AuxDepthNet: Real-Time Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Sensitive Featurescited by 1
- 2022MonoSIM: Simulating Learning Behaviors of Heterogeneous Point Cloud Object Detectors for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2023OriCon3D: Effective 3D Object Detection using Orientation and Confidencecited by 0
- 2023Understanding Depth Map Progressively: Adaptive Distance Interval Separation for Monocular 3d Object Detectioncited by 0
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- 20253DRot: Rediscovering the Missing Primitive for RGB-Based 3D Augmentationcited by 0
- 20253DRot: Rediscovering the Missing Primitive for RGB-Based 3D Augmentation2 Aug 2025
- 2025AuxDepthNet: Real-Time Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Sensitive Features7 Jan 2025
- 2024Improving Batch Normalization with TTA for Robust Object Detection in Self-Driving28 Nov 2024
- 2024RePLAy: Remove Projective LiDAR Depthmap Artifacts via Exploiting Epipolar Geometry27 Jul 2024
- 2024Fully Test-Time Adaptation for Monocular 3D Object Detection30 May 2024
- 2024Sparse Points to Dense Clouds: Enhancing 3D Detection with Limited LiDAR Data10 Apr 2024
- 2023MonoLSS: Learnable Sample Selection For Monocular 3D Detection22 Dec 2023
- 2023Delving into Motion-Aware Matching for Monocular 3D Object Tracking22 Aug 2023
- 2023SVDM: Single-View Diffusion Model for Pseudo-Stereo 3D Object Detection5 Jul 2023
- 2023Understanding Depth Map Progressively: Adaptive Distance Interval Separation for Monocular 3d Object Detection19 Jun 2023
- 2023SSD-MonoDETR: Supervised Scale-aware Deformable Transformer for Monocular 3D Object Detection12 May 2023
- 2023OriCon3D: Effective 3D Object Detection using Orientation and Confidence27 Apr 2023
22 more
- 2023Monocular 3D Object Detection with Bounding Box Denoising in 3D by Perceiver3 Apr 2023
- 2023ByteTrackV2: 2D and 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Box27 Mar 2023
- 2023Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Object Detection using Multi-View Projection and Direction Consistency15 Mar 2023
- 2022Cross-Modality Knowledge Distillation Network for Monocular 3D Object Detection14 Nov 2022
- 2022Ground Plane Matters: Picking Up Ground Plane Prior in Monocular 3D Object Detection3 Nov 2022
- 2022MonoSIM: Simulating Learning Behaviors of Heterogeneous Point Cloud Object Detectors for Monocular 3D Object Detection19 Aug 2022
- 2022An Empirical Study of Pseudo-Labeling for Image-based 3D Object Detection15 Aug 2022
- 2022Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth from Motion26 Jul 2022
- 2022DEVIANT: Depth EquiVarIAnt NeTwork for Monocular 3D Object Detection21 Jul 2022
- 2022Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wild21 Jul 2022
- 2022DID-M3D: Decoupling Instance Depth for Monocular 3D Object Detection18 Jul 2022
- 2022Mix-Teaching: A Simple, Unified and Effective Semi-Supervised Learning Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detection10 Jul 2022
- 20223D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Survey19 Jun 2022
- 2022MonoGround: Detecting Monocular 3D Objects from the Ground15 Jun 2022
- 2022Delving into the Pre-training Paradigm of Monocular 3D Object Detection8 Jun 2022
- 2022Diversity Matters: Fully Exploiting Depth Clues for Reliable Monocular 3D Object Detection19 May 2022
- 2022Homography Loss for Monocular 3D Object Detection2 Apr 2022
- 2022BEVDet4D: Exploit Temporal Cues in Multi-camera 3D Object Detection31 Mar 2022
- 2022MonoDTR: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Aware Transformer21 Mar 2022
- 2022MonoJSG: Joint Semantic and Geometric Cost Volume for Monocular 3D Object Detection16 Mar 2022
- 2022Pseudo-Stereo for Monocular 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Driving4 Mar 2022
- 20223D Object Detection from Images for Autonomous Driving: A Survey7 Feb 2022
- 2022BEVDet4D: Exploit Temporal Cues in Multi-camera 3D Object Detectioncited by 340
- 2022Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wildcited by 159
- 20223D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 132
- 2022MonoDTR: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Aware Transformercited by 108
- 20223D Object Detection from Images for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 66
- 2022DEVIANT: Depth EquiVarIAnt NeTwork for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 48
- 2022Cross-Modality Knowledge Distillation Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 48
- 2022Diversity Matters: Fully Exploiting Depth Clues for Reliable Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 45
- 2022DID-M3D: Decoupling Instance Depth for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 39
- 2022Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth from Motioncited by 38
- 2022MonoGround: Detecting Monocular 3D Objects from the Groundcited by 37
- 2022Pseudo-Stereo for Monocular 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
12 most cited of 33 All 33 (JSON)
- 20253DRot: Rediscovering the Missing Primitive for RGB-Based 3D Augmentation2 Aug 2025
- 2025AuxDepthNet: Real-Time Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Sensitive Features7 Jan 2025
- 2024Improving Batch Normalization with TTA for Robust Object Detection in Self-Driving28 Nov 2024
- 2024RePLAy: Remove Projective LiDAR Depthmap Artifacts via Exploiting Epipolar Geometry27 Jul 2024
- 2024Fully Test-Time Adaptation for Monocular 3D Object Detection30 May 2024
- 2024Sparse Points to Dense Clouds: Enhancing 3D Detection with Limited LiDAR Data10 Apr 2024
- 2023MonoLSS: Learnable Sample Selection For Monocular 3D Detection22 Dec 2023
- 2023Delving into Motion-Aware Matching for Monocular 3D Object Tracking22 Aug 2023
- 2023Understanding Depth Map Progressively: Adaptive Distance Interval Separation for Monocular 3d Object Detection19 Jun 2023
- 2023SSD-MonoDETR: Supervised Scale-aware Deformable Transformer for Monocular 3D Object Detection12 May 2023
- 2023OriCon3D: Effective 3D Object Detection using Orientation and Confidence27 Apr 2023
- 2023Monocular 3D Object Detection with Bounding Box Denoising in 3D by Perceiver3 Apr 2023
12 newest of 33 All 33 (JSON)