How Well Do Sparse Imagenet Models Transfer?
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Abstract (arXiv)
Transfer learning is a classic paradigm by which models pretrained on large "upstream" datasets are adapted to yield good results on "downstream" specialized datasets. Generally, more accurate models on the "upstream" dataset tend to provide better transfer accuracy "downstream". In this work, we perform an in-depth investigation of this phenomenon in the context of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on the ImageNet dataset, which have been pruned - that is, compressed by sparsifying their connections. We consider transfer using unstructured pruned models obtained by applying several state-of-the-art pruning methods, including magnitude-based, second-order, re-growth, lottery-ticket, and regularization approaches, in the context of twelve standard transfer tasks. In a nutshell, our study shows that sparse models can match or even outperform the transfer performance of dense models, even at high sparsities, and, while doing so, can lead to significant inference and even training speedups. At the same time, we observe and analyze significant differences in the behaviour of different pruning methods.
Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 46 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Nov 2021.
Builds on
46 of 75 references.
References · 46
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,441
- 2017MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applicationscited by 3,827
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- 2016Wide Residual Networkscited by 3,057
- 2018YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvementcited by 2,652
- 2018The Lottery Ticket Hypothesis: Finding Sparse, Trainable Neural Networkscited by 2,250
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- 2015Learning both Weights and Connections for Efficient Neural Networkscited by 1,998
- 2013Fine-Grained Visual Classification of Aircraftcited by 1,701
- 2019Do ImageNet Classifiers Generalize to ImageNet?cited by 1,507
34 more
- 2020WILDS: A Benchmark of in-the-Wild Distribution Shiftscited by 1,366
- 2021A Survey of Quantization Methods for Efficient Neural Network Inferencecited by 798
- 2019Big Transfer (BiT): General Visual Representation Learningcited by 766
- 2017To prune, or not to prune: exploring the efficacy of pruning for model compressioncited by 596
- 2018Do Better ImageNet Models Transfer Better?cited by 560
- 2021Sparsity in Deep Learning: Pruning and growth for efficient inference and training in neural networkscited by 521
- 2019Rigging the Lottery: Making All Tickets Winnerscited by 491
- 2019The State of Sparsity in Deep Neural Networkscited by 471
- 2019YOLACT: Real-time Instance Segmentationcited by 441
- 2020Movement Pruning: Adaptive Sparsity by Fine-Tuningcited by 398
- 2018AMC: AutoML for Model Compression and Acceleration on Mobile Devicescited by 375
- 2020Are we done with ImageNet?cited by 329
- 2020Do Adversarially Robust ImageNet Models Transfer Better?cited by 315
- 2020The Lottery Ticket Hypothesis for Pre-trained BERT Networkscited by 275
- 2017Variational Dropout Sparsifies Deep Neural Networkscited by 265
- 2021When Vision Transformers Outperform ResNets without Pre-training or Strong Data Augmentationscited by 259
- 2021Accelerating Sparse Deep Neural Networkscited by 213
- 2019What Do Compressed Deep Neural Networks Forget?cited by 164
- 2020Characterising Bias in Compressed Modelscited by 162
- 2020Soft Threshold Weight Reparameterization for Learnable Sparsitycited by 150
- 2020Dynamic Model Pruning with Feedbackcited by 125
- 2019EigenDamage: Structured Pruning in the Kronecker-Factored Eigenbasiscited by 98
- 2020On Robustness and Transferability of Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 98
- 2020The Lottery Tickets Hypothesis for Supervised and Self-supervised Pre-training in Computer Vision Modelscited by 91
- 2019Fast Sparse ConvNetscited by 86
- 2021Top-KAST: Top-K Always Sparse Trainingcited by 79
- 2021Lost in Pruning: The Effects of Pruning Neural Networks beyond Test Accuracycited by 62
- 2021AC/DC: Alternating Compressed/DeCompressed Training of Deep Neural Networkscited by 58
- 2019DeepHoyer: Learning Sparser Neural Network with Differentiable Scale-Invariant Sparsity Measurescited by 56
- 2021Factors of Influence for Transfer Learning across Diverse Appearance Domains and Task Typescited by 54
- 2021M-FAC: Efficient Matrix-Free Approximations of Second-Order Informationcited by 54
- 2020The Lottery Ticket Hypothesis for Object Recognitioncited by 34
- 2019Sparse Transfer Learning via Winning Lottery Ticketscited by 27
- 2016Training Skinny Deep Neural Networks with Iterative Hard Thresholding Methodscited by 15
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 17; 2024: 12; 2025: 9; 2026: 7.
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