GCR: Gradient Coreset Based Replay Buffer Selection For Continual Learning
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Continual learning (CL) aims to develop techniques by which a single model adapts to an increasing number of tasks encountered sequentially, thereby potentially leveraging learnings across tasks in a resource-efficient manner. A major challenge for CL systems is catastrophic forgetting, where earlier tasks are forgotten while learning a new task. To address this, replay-based CL approaches maintain and repeatedly retrain on a small buffer of data selected across encountered tasks. We propose Gradient Coreset Replay (GCR), a novel strategy for replay buffer selection and update using a carefully designed optimization criterion. Specifically, we select and maintain a "coreset" that closely approximates the gradient of all the data seen so far with respect to current model parameters, and discuss key strategies needed for its effective application to the continual learning setting. We show significant gains (2%-4% absolute) over the state-of-the-art in the well-studied offline continual learning setting. Our findings also effectively transfer to online / streaming CL settings, showing upto 5% gains over existing approaches. Finally, we demonstrate the value of supervised contrastive loss for continual learning, which yields a cumulative gain of up to 5% accuracy when combined with our subset selection strategy.
Key facts. Cited by 95 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Nov 2021.
Builds on
29 of 52 references.
References · 29
- 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,498
- 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,787
- 2020Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 2,829
- 2016Learning without Forgettingcited by 2,496
- 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,333
- 2017Gradient Episodic Memory for Continual Learningcited by 1,898
- 2018Efficient Lifelong Learning with A-GEMcited by 1,058
- 2020Dark Experience for General Continual Learning: a Strong, Simple Baselinecited by 911
- 2018Riemannian Walk for Incremental Learning: Understanding Forgetting and Intransigencecited by 742
- 2018Overcoming catastrophic forgetting with hard attention to the taskcited by 681
- 2019Three scenarios for continual learningcited by 614
- 2019Gradient based sample selection for online continual learningcited by 571
17 more
- 2018Learning to Learn without Forgetting by Maximizing Transfer and Minimizing Interferencecited by 521
- 2019Online Continual Learning with Maximally Interfered Retrievalcited by 379
- 2021GRAD-MATCH: Gradient Matching based Data Subset Selection for Efficient Deep Model Trainingcited by 274
- 2017Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting by Incremental Moment Matchingcited by 243
- 2020GLISTER: Generalization based Data Subset Selection for Efficient and Robust Learningcited by 226
- 2019Compacting, Picking and Growing for Unforgetting Continual Learningcited by 207
- 2020Coresets via Bilevel Optimization for Continual Learning and Streamingcited by 192
- 2021Online Coreset Selection for Rehearsal-based Continual Learningcited by 117
- 2016Coresets for Scalable Bayesian Logistic Regressioncited by 79
- 2021RETRIEVE: Coreset Selection for Efficient and Robust Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 74
- 2018Bayesian Coreset Construction via Greedy Iterative Geodesic Ascentcited by 68
- 2020CPR: Classifier-Projection Regularization for Continual Learningcited by 62
- 2017Automated Scalable Bayesian Inference via Hilbert Coresetscited by 55
- 2020SpaceNet: Make Free Space For Continual Learningcited by 53
- 2019Continual Learning with Adaptive Weights (CLAW)cited by 38
- 2019Sparse Variational Inference: Bayesian Coresets from Scratchcited by 28
- 2020Continual Learning with Gated Incremental Memories for sequential data processingcited by 12
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 6; 2023: 26; 2024: 34; 2025: 20; 2026: 9.
95 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 872
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
- 2023Robust Test-Time Adaptation in Dynamic Scenarioscited by 189
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual Learningcited by 69
- 2025SD-LoRA: Scalable Decoupled Low-Rank Adaptation for Class Incremental Learningcited by 63
- 2024Recent Advances of Foundation Language Models-based Continual Learning: A Surveycited by 46
- 2023When Prompt-based Incremental Learning Does Not Meet Strong Pretrainingcited by 41
- 2023Continual Semantic Segmentation with Automatic Memory Sample Selectioncited by 39
- 2023Continual Self-supervised Learning: Towards Universal Multi-modal Medical Data Representation Learningcited by 34
- 2023Regularizing Second-Order Influences for Continual Learningcited by 21
- 2023Summarizing Stream Data for Memory-Constrained Online Continual Learningcited by 19
- 2024Adapter Merging with Centroid Prototype Mapping for Scalable Class-Incremental Learningcited by 18
38 more
- 2024SMART: Submodular Data Mixture Strategy for Instruction Tuningcited by 17
- 2024Revisiting Neural Networks for Continual Learning: An Architectural Perspectivecited by 17
- 2022SCALE: Online Self-Supervised Lifelong Learning without Prior Knowledgecited by 16
- 2025Upweighting Easy Samples in Fine-Tuning Mitigates Forgettingcited by 16
- 2023Heterogeneous Forgetting Compensation for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 15
- 2025Task-Agnostic Guided Feature Expansion for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 15
- 2024MoFO: Momentum-Filtered Optimizer for Mitigating Forgetting in LLM Fine-Tuningcited by 14
- 2024Continual All-in-One Adverse Weather Removal with Knowledge Replay on a Unified Network Structurecited by 13
- 2024Provable Contrastive Continual Learningcited by 13
- 2022Optimizing Class Distribution in Memory for Multi-Label Online Continual Learningcited by 12
- 2022Continual Learning by Modeling Intra-Class Variationcited by 12
- 2023Coreset Sampling from Open-Set for Fine-Grained Self-Supervised Learningcited by 12
- 2024Contrastive Continual Learning with Importance Sampling and Prototype-Instance Relation Distillationcited by 11
- 2022D3Former: Debiased Dual Distilled Transformer for Incremental Learningcited by 10
- 2023Continual Learning for Predictive Maintenance: Overview and Challengescited by 10
- 2024Never-Ending Behavior-Cloning Agent for Robotic Manipulationcited by 10
- 2022Memory Population in Continual Learning via Outlier Eliminationcited by 9
- 2023MILO: Model-Agnostic Subset Selection Framework for Efficient Model Training and Tuningcited by 9
- 2024Embracing Massive Medical Datacited by 9
- 2023Continual Learning in Open-vocabulary Classification with Complementary Memory Systemscited by 8
- 2024Mitigating Background Shift in Class-Incremental Semantic Segmentationcited by 8
- 2024Continual Learning with Neuromorphic Computing: Foundations, Methods, and Emerging Applicationscited by 8
- 2024Memory-efficient Continual Learning with Neural Collapse Contrastivecited by 8
- 2023Selective experience replay compression using coresets for lifelong deep reinforcement learning in medical imagingcited by 7
- 2023Holistic Transfer: Towards Non-Disruptive Fine-Tuning with Partial Target Datacited by 7
- 2024Preventing Catastrophic Forgetting through Memory Networks in Continuous Detectioncited by 7
- 2024Predicting the Susceptibility of Examples to Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 7
- 2024Budgeted Online Continual Learning by Adaptive Layer Freezing and Frequency-based Samplingcited by 7
- 2023Color Prompting for Data-Free Continual Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Person Re-Identificationcited by 6
- 2023TriRE: A Multi-Mechanism Learning Paradigm for Continual Knowledge Retention and Promotioncited by 6
- 2023Online Continual Knowledge Learning for Language Modelscited by 6
- 2024One VLM to Keep it Learning: Generation and Balancing for Data-free Continual Visual Question Answeringcited by 6
- 2025Memory Storyboard: Leveraging Temporal Segmentation for Streaming Self-Supervised Learning from Egocentric Videoscited by 6
- 2025Coreset-Based Task Selection for Sample-Efficient Meta-Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
- 2024Contributing Dimension Structure of Deep Feature for Coreset Selectioncited by 5
- 2024CORE: Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Learning through Cognitive Replaycited by 5
- 2024Lifelong Intelligence Beyond the Edge using Hyperdimensional Computingcited by 5
- 2024SPD-CFL: Stepwise Parameter Dropout for Efficient Continual Federated Learningcited by 5
50 most cited of 95 All 95 (JSON)
- 2026Lodestar: An Online-Learning LLM Inference Router31 May 2026
- 2026Understanding Imbalanced Forgetting in Rehearsal-Based Class-Incremental Learning14 May 2026
- 2026DIMoE-Adapters: Dynamic Expert Evolution for Continual Learning in Vision-Language Models8 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Forgetting in Continual Medical Image Segmentation: A Comprehensive Benchmark Study7 May 2026
- 2026SLE-FNO: Single-Layer Extensions for Task-Agnostic Continual Learning in Fourier Neural Operators20 Mar 2026
- 2026Temporal Imbalance of Positive and Negative Supervision in Class-Incremental Learning2 Mar 2026
- 2026Understanding the Role of Rehearsal Scale in Continual Learning under Varying Model Capacities24 Feb 2026
- 2026Policy Gradient with Adaptive Entropy Annealing for Continual Fine-Tuning15 Feb 2026
- 2026Provable Effects of Data Replay in Continual Learning: A Feature Learning Perspective2 Feb 2026
- 2025Offline Behavioral Data Selection20 Dec 2025
- 2025SAMix: Calibrated and Accurate Continual Learning via Sphere-Adaptive Mixup and Neural Collapse17 Oct 2025
- 2025Global Pre-fixing, Local Adjusting: A Simple yet Effective Contrastive Strategy for Continual Learning18 Sep 2025
38 more
- 2025Consistency-Driven Calibration and Matching for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning24 Jun 2025
- 2025Replay Can Provably Increase Forgetting4 Jun 2025
- 2025Rethinking Continual Learning with Progressive Neural Collapse30 May 2025
- 2025Continual Learning Beyond Experience Rehearsal and Full Model Surrogates28 May 2025
- 2025What is the role of memorization in Continual Learning?23 May 2025
- 2025Prototype Augmented Hypernetworks for Continual Learning12 May 2025
- 2025Noise-Tolerant Coreset-Based Class Incremental Continual Learning23 Apr 2025
- 2025Self-Controlled Dynamic Expansion Model for Continual Learning14 Apr 2025
- 2025Task-Agnostic Guided Feature Expansion for Class-Incremental Learning2 Mar 2025
- 2025From Offline to Online Memory-Free and Task-Free Continual Learning via Fine-Grained Hypergradients26 Feb 2025
- 2025Neural Networks for Learnable and Scalable Influence Estimation of Instruction Fine-Tuning Data14 Feb 2025
- 2025Upweighting Easy Samples in Fine-Tuning Mitigates Forgetting5 Feb 2025
- 2025Coreset-Based Task Selection for Sample-Efficient Meta-Reinforcement Learning4 Feb 2025
- 2025On Learning Representations for Tabular Data Distillation23 Jan 2025
- 2025SD-LoRA: Scalable Decoupled Low-Rank Adaptation for Class Incremental Learning22 Jan 2025
- 2025Memory Storyboard: Leveraging Temporal Segmentation for Streaming Self-Supervised Learning from Egocentric Videos21 Jan 2025
- 2025Incrementally Learning Multiple Diverse Data Domains via Multi-Source Dynamic Expansion Model15 Jan 2025
- 2024Adapter Merging with Centroid Prototype Mapping for Scalable Class-Incremental Learning24 Dec 2024
- 2024Memory-efficient Continual Learning with Neural Collapse Contrastive3 Dec 2024
- 2024CIT: Rethinking Class-incremental Semantic Segmentation with a Class Independent Transformation5 Nov 2024
- 2024One VLM to Keep it Learning: Generation and Balancing for Data-free Continual Visual Question Answering4 Nov 2024
- 2024Budgeted Online Continual Learning by Adaptive Layer Freezing and Frequency-based Sampling19 Oct 2024
- 2024Continual Learning with Neuromorphic Computing: Foundations, Methods, and Emerging Applications11 Oct 2024
- 2024Core Tokensets for Data-efficient Sequential Training of Transformers8 Oct 2024
- 2024STONE: A Submodular Optimization Framework for Active 3D Object Detection4 Oct 2024
- 2024Structural-Entropy-Based Sample Selection for Efficient and Effective Learning3 Oct 2024
- 2024MoFO: Momentum-Filtered Optimizer for Mitigating Forgetting in LLM Fine-Tuning30 Jul 2024
- 2024An Effective Dynamic Gradient Calibration Method for Continual Learning30 Jul 2024
- 2024Mitigating Background Shift in Class-Incremental Semantic Segmentation16 Jul 2024
- 2024Embracing Massive Medical Data5 Jul 2024
- 2024Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Object Detection with Adaptive Monitoring and Randomized Restoration24 Jun 2024
- 2024Predicting the Susceptibility of Examples to Catastrophic Forgetting14 Jun 2024
- 2024Center-Sensitive Kernel Optimization for Efficient On-Device Incremental Learning13 Jun 2024
- 2024Provable Contrastive Continual Learning29 May 2024
- 2024Recent Advances of Foundation Language Models-based Continual Learning: A Survey28 May 2024
- 2024Mitigating Interference in the Knowledge Continuum through Attention-Guided Incremental Learning22 May 2024
- 2024SPD-CFL: Stepwise Parameter Dropout for Efficient Continual Federated Learning15 May 2024
- 2024IMEX-Reg: Implicit-Explicit Regularization in the Function Space for Continual Learning28 Apr 2024
50 newest of 95 All 95 (JSON)
- 2025Offline Behavioral Data Selectioncited by 0
- 2025Offline Behavioral Data Selection20 Dec 2025
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 872
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
- 2023Robust Test-Time Adaptation in Dynamic Scenarioscited by 189
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual Learningcited by 69
- 2025SD-LoRA: Scalable Decoupled Low-Rank Adaptation for Class Incremental Learningcited by 63
- 2024Recent Advances of Foundation Language Models-based Continual Learning: A Surveycited by 46
- 2023When Prompt-based Incremental Learning Does Not Meet Strong Pretrainingcited by 41
- 2023Continual Semantic Segmentation with Automatic Memory Sample Selectioncited by 39
- 2023Continual Self-supervised Learning: Towards Universal Multi-modal Medical Data Representation Learningcited by 34
- 2023Regularizing Second-Order Influences for Continual Learningcited by 21
- 2023Summarizing Stream Data for Memory-Constrained Online Continual Learningcited by 19
- 2024Adapter Merging with Centroid Prototype Mapping for Scalable Class-Incremental Learningcited by 18
12 most cited of 88 All 88 (JSON)
- 2026Lodestar: An Online-Learning LLM Inference Router31 May 2026
- 2026Understanding Imbalanced Forgetting in Rehearsal-Based Class-Incremental Learning14 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Forgetting in Continual Medical Image Segmentation: A Comprehensive Benchmark Study7 May 2026
- 2026SLE-FNO: Single-Layer Extensions for Task-Agnostic Continual Learning in Fourier Neural Operators20 Mar 2026
- 2026Temporal Imbalance of Positive and Negative Supervision in Class-Incremental Learning2 Mar 2026
- 2026Understanding the Role of Rehearsal Scale in Continual Learning under Varying Model Capacities24 Feb 2026
- 2026Provable Effects of Data Replay in Continual Learning: A Feature Learning Perspective2 Feb 2026
- 2025SAMix: Calibrated and Accurate Continual Learning via Sphere-Adaptive Mixup and Neural Collapse17 Oct 2025
- 2025Global Pre-fixing, Local Adjusting: A Simple yet Effective Contrastive Strategy for Continual Learning18 Sep 2025
- 2025Consistency-Driven Calibration and Matching for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning24 Jun 2025
- 2025Replay Can Provably Increase Forgetting4 Jun 2025
- 2025Rethinking Continual Learning with Progressive Neural Collapse30 May 2025
12 newest of 88 All 88 (JSON)