mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

GCR: Gradient Coreset Based Replay Buffer Selection For Continual Learning

arXiv 2111.11210 ↗First posted 18 Nov 2021cs.LG cs.AIcited by 95

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Abstract (arXiv)

Continual learning (CL) aims to develop techniques by which a single model adapts to an increasing number of tasks encountered sequentially, thereby potentially leveraging learnings across tasks in a resource-efficient manner. A major challenge for CL systems is catastrophic forgetting, where earlier tasks are forgotten while learning a new task. To address this, replay-based CL approaches maintain and repeatedly retrain on a small buffer of data selected across encountered tasks. We propose Gradient Coreset Replay (GCR), a novel strategy for replay buffer selection and update using a carefully designed optimization criterion. Specifically, we select and maintain a "coreset" that closely approximates the gradient of all the data seen so far with respect to current model parameters, and discuss key strategies needed for its effective application to the continual learning setting. We show significant gains (2%-4% absolute) over the state-of-the-art in the well-studied offline continual learning setting. Our findings also effectively transfer to online / streaming CL settings, showing upto 5% gains over existing approaches. Finally, we demonstrate the value of supervised contrastive loss for continual learning, which yields a cumulative gain of up to 5% accuracy when combined with our subset selection strategy.

Key facts. Cited by 95 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Nov 2021.

Builds on

29 of 52 references.

References · 29

  1. 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,498
  2. 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,787
  3. 2020Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 2,829
  4. 2016Learning without Forgettingcited by 2,496
  5. 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,333
  6. 2017Gradient Episodic Memory for Continual Learningcited by 1,898
  7. 2018Efficient Lifelong Learning with A-GEMcited by 1,058
  8. 2020Dark Experience for General Continual Learning: a Strong, Simple Baselinecited by 911
  9. 2018Riemannian Walk for Incremental Learning: Understanding Forgetting and Intransigencecited by 742
  10. 2018Overcoming catastrophic forgetting with hard attention to the taskcited by 681
  11. 2019Three scenarios for continual learningcited by 614
  12. 2019Gradient based sample selection for online continual learningcited by 571
17 more
  1. 2018Learning to Learn without Forgetting by Maximizing Transfer and Minimizing Interferencecited by 521
  2. 2019Online Continual Learning with Maximally Interfered Retrievalcited by 379
  3. 2021GRAD-MATCH: Gradient Matching based Data Subset Selection for Efficient Deep Model Trainingcited by 274
  4. 2017Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting by Incremental Moment Matchingcited by 243
  5. 2020GLISTER: Generalization based Data Subset Selection for Efficient and Robust Learningcited by 226
  6. 2019Compacting, Picking and Growing for Unforgetting Continual Learningcited by 207
  7. 2020Coresets via Bilevel Optimization for Continual Learning and Streamingcited by 192
  8. 2021Online Coreset Selection for Rehearsal-based Continual Learningcited by 117
  9. 2016Coresets for Scalable Bayesian Logistic Regressioncited by 79
  10. 2021RETRIEVE: Coreset Selection for Efficient and Robust Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 74
  11. 2018Bayesian Coreset Construction via Greedy Iterative Geodesic Ascentcited by 68
  12. 2020CPR: Classifier-Projection Regularization for Continual Learningcited by 62
  13. 2017Automated Scalable Bayesian Inference via Hilbert Coresetscited by 55
  14. 2020SpaceNet: Make Free Space For Continual Learningcited by 53
  15. 2019Continual Learning with Adaptive Weights (CLAW)cited by 38
  16. 2019Sparse Variational Inference: Bayesian Coresets from Scratchcited by 28
  17. 2020Continual Learning with Gated Incremental Memories for sequential data processingcited by 12

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 6; 2023: 26; 2024: 34; 2025: 20; 2026: 9.

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  1. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 872
  2. 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
  3. 2023Robust Test-Time Adaptation in Dynamic Scenarioscited by 189
  4. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual Learningcited by 69
  5. 2025SD-LoRA: Scalable Decoupled Low-Rank Adaptation for Class Incremental Learningcited by 63
  6. 2024Recent Advances of Foundation Language Models-based Continual Learning: A Surveycited by 46
  7. 2023When Prompt-based Incremental Learning Does Not Meet Strong Pretrainingcited by 41
  8. 2023Continual Semantic Segmentation with Automatic Memory Sample Selectioncited by 39
  9. 2023Continual Self-supervised Learning: Towards Universal Multi-modal Medical Data Representation Learningcited by 34
  10. 2023Regularizing Second-Order Influences for Continual Learningcited by 21
  11. 2023Summarizing Stream Data for Memory-Constrained Online Continual Learningcited by 19
  12. 2024Adapter Merging with Centroid Prototype Mapping for Scalable Class-Incremental Learningcited by 18
38 more
  1. 2024SMART: Submodular Data Mixture Strategy for Instruction Tuningcited by 17
  2. 2024Revisiting Neural Networks for Continual Learning: An Architectural Perspectivecited by 17
  3. 2022SCALE: Online Self-Supervised Lifelong Learning without Prior Knowledgecited by 16
  4. 2025Upweighting Easy Samples in Fine-Tuning Mitigates Forgettingcited by 16
  5. 2023Heterogeneous Forgetting Compensation for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 15
  6. 2025Task-Agnostic Guided Feature Expansion for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 15
  7. 2024MoFO: Momentum-Filtered Optimizer for Mitigating Forgetting in LLM Fine-Tuningcited by 14
  8. 2024Continual All-in-One Adverse Weather Removal with Knowledge Replay on a Unified Network Structurecited by 13
  9. 2024Provable Contrastive Continual Learningcited by 13
  10. 2022Optimizing Class Distribution in Memory for Multi-Label Online Continual Learningcited by 12
  11. 2022Continual Learning by Modeling Intra-Class Variationcited by 12
  12. 2023Coreset Sampling from Open-Set for Fine-Grained Self-Supervised Learningcited by 12
  13. 2024Contrastive Continual Learning with Importance Sampling and Prototype-Instance Relation Distillationcited by 11
  14. 2022D3Former: Debiased Dual Distilled Transformer for Incremental Learningcited by 10
  15. 2023Continual Learning for Predictive Maintenance: Overview and Challengescited by 10
  16. 2024Never-Ending Behavior-Cloning Agent for Robotic Manipulationcited by 10
  17. 2022Memory Population in Continual Learning via Outlier Eliminationcited by 9
  18. 2023MILO: Model-Agnostic Subset Selection Framework for Efficient Model Training and Tuningcited by 9
  19. 2024Embracing Massive Medical Datacited by 9
  20. 2023Continual Learning in Open-vocabulary Classification with Complementary Memory Systemscited by 8
  21. 2024Mitigating Background Shift in Class-Incremental Semantic Segmentationcited by 8
  22. 2024Continual Learning with Neuromorphic Computing: Foundations, Methods, and Emerging Applicationscited by 8
  23. 2024Memory-efficient Continual Learning with Neural Collapse Contrastivecited by 8
  24. 2023Selective experience replay compression using coresets for lifelong deep reinforcement learning in medical imagingcited by 7
  25. 2023Holistic Transfer: Towards Non-Disruptive Fine-Tuning with Partial Target Datacited by 7
  26. 2024Preventing Catastrophic Forgetting through Memory Networks in Continuous Detectioncited by 7
  27. 2024Predicting the Susceptibility of Examples to Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 7
  28. 2024Budgeted Online Continual Learning by Adaptive Layer Freezing and Frequency-based Samplingcited by 7
  29. 2023Color Prompting for Data-Free Continual Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Person Re-Identificationcited by 6
  30. 2023TriRE: A Multi-Mechanism Learning Paradigm for Continual Knowledge Retention and Promotioncited by 6
  31. 2023Online Continual Knowledge Learning for Language Modelscited by 6
  32. 2024One VLM to Keep it Learning: Generation and Balancing for Data-free Continual Visual Question Answeringcited by 6
  33. 2025Memory Storyboard: Leveraging Temporal Segmentation for Streaming Self-Supervised Learning from Egocentric Videoscited by 6
  34. 2025Coreset-Based Task Selection for Sample-Efficient Meta-Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
  35. 2024Contributing Dimension Structure of Deep Feature for Coreset Selectioncited by 5
  36. 2024CORE: Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Learning through Cognitive Replaycited by 5
  37. 2024Lifelong Intelligence Beyond the Edge using Hyperdimensional Computingcited by 5
  38. 2024SPD-CFL: Stepwise Parameter Dropout for Efficient Continual Federated Learningcited by 5

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