mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Cross-Modality Fusion Transformer for Multispectral Object Detection

arXiv 2111.00273 ↗First posted 30 Oct 2021eess.IV cs.CVcited by 86

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Multispectral image pairs can provide the combined information, making object detection applications more reliable and robust in the open world. To fully exploit the different modalities, we present a simple yet effective cross-modality feature fusion approach, named Cross-Modality Fusion Transformer (CFT) in this paper. Unlike prior CNNs-based works, guided by the transformer scheme, our network learns long-range dependencies and integrates global contextual information in the feature extraction stage. More importantly, by leveraging the self attention of the transformer, the network can naturally carry out simultaneous intra-modality and inter-modality fusion, and robustly capture the latent interactions between RGB and Thermal domains, thereby significantly improving the performance of multispectral object detection. Extensive experiments and ablation studies on multiple datasets demonstrate that our approach is effective and achieves state-of-the-art detection performance. Our code and models are available at https://github.com/DocF/multispectral-object-detection.

Key facts. Cited by 86 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Oct 2021.

Builds on

29 of 50 references.

References · 29

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  3. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
  4. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,639
  5. 2015You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 4,852
  6. 2016Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)cited by 3,502
  7. 2015SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detectorcited by 3,130
  8. 2018YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvementcited by 2,659
  9. 2019ViLBERT: Pretraining Task-Agnostic Visiolinguistic Representations for Vision-and-Language Taskscited by 2,222
  10. 2013Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentationcited by 2,162
  11. 2020YOLOv4: Optimal Speed and Accuracy of Object Detectioncited by 1,630
  12. 2019Generalized Intersection over Union: A Metric and A Loss for Bounding Box Regressioncited by 1,368
17 more
  1. 2018ShuffleNet V2: Practical Guidelines for Efficient CNN Architecture Designcited by 1,136
  2. 2019EfficientDet: Scalable and Efficient Object Detectioncited by 1,020
  3. 2019VideoBERT: A Joint Model for Video and Language Representation Learningcited by 703
  4. 2020Multi-modal Transformer for Video Retrievalcited by 395
  5. 2019Cross-Modal Self-Attention Network for Referring Image Segmentationcited by 263
  6. 2021LLVIP: A Visible-infrared Paired Dataset for Low-light Visioncited by 231
  7. 2020Multi-modal Dense Video Captioningcited by 113
  8. 2020Learning to Generate Diverse Dance Motions with Transformercited by 85
  9. 2020Multispectral Fusion for Object Detection with Cyclic Fuse-and-Refine Blockscited by 85
  10. 2016Multispectral Deep Neural Networks for Pedestrian Detectioncited by 82
  11. 2021MDMMT: Multidomain Multimodal Transformer for Video Retrievalcited by 78
  12. 2018Illumination-aware Faster R-CNN for Robust Multispectral Pedestrian Detectioncited by 74
  13. 2020Into the Wild with AudioScope: Unsupervised Audio-Visual Separation of On-Screen Soundscited by 55
  14. 2018Multispectral Pedestrian Detection via Simultaneous Detection and Segmentationcited by 49
  15. 2019GFD-SSD: Gated Fusion Double SSD for Multispectral Pedestrian Detectioncited by 12
  16. 2019SSSDET: Simple Short and Shallow Network for Resource Efficient Vehicle Detection in Aerial Scenescited by 5
  17. 2021FFAVOD: Feature Fusion Architecture for Video Object Detectioncited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 8; 2024: 21; 2025: 26; 2026: 26.

86 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2022Multimodal Learning with Transformers: A Surveycited by 400
  2. 2023ICAFusion: Iterative Cross-Attention Guided Feature Fusion for Multispectral Object Detectioncited by 76
  3. 2024Fusion-Mamba for Cross-modality Object Detectioncited by 67
  4. 2024DAMSDet: Dynamic Adaptive Multispectral Detection Transformer with Competitive Query Selection and Adaptive Feature Fusioncited by 28
  5. 2024E2E-MFD: Towards End-to-End Synchronous Multimodal Fusion Detectioncited by 21
  6. 2022Cross-Modality High-Frequency Transformer for MR Image Super-Resolutioncited by 20
  7. 2022Emergent Visual Sensors for Autonomous Vehiclescited by 19
  8. 2024COMO: Cross-Mamba Interaction and Offset-Guided Fusion for Multimodal Object Detectioncited by 18
  9. 2024Removal then Selection: A Coarse-to-Fine Fusion Perspective for RGB-Infrared Object Detectioncited by 16
  10. 2023RGB-X Object Detection via Scene-Specific Fusion Modulescited by 15
  11. 2023MS-DETR: Multispectral Pedestrian Detection Transformer with Loosely Coupled Fusion and Modality-Balanced Optimizationcited by 14
  12. 2025WaveMamba: Wavelet-Driven Mamba Fusion for RGB-Infrared Object Detectioncited by 14
38 more
  1. 2022Unsupervised RGB-to-Thermal Domain Adaptation via Multi-Domain Attention Networkcited by 13
  2. 2024Causal Mode Multiplexer: A Novel Framework for Unbiased Multispectral Pedestrian Detectioncited by 13
  3. 2022Guided Hybrid Quantization for Object detection in Multimodal Remote Sensing Imagery via One-to-one Self-teachingcited by 12
  4. 2023Weakly Supervised Video Representation Learning with Unaligned Text for Sequential Videoscited by 10
  5. 2024When Pedestrian Detection Meets Multi-Modal Learning: Generalist Model and Benchmark Datasetcited by 10
  6. 2024Cross-Modal Fusion and Attention Mechanism for Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 10
  7. 2024Pedestrian Detection in Low-Light Conditions: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 8
  8. 2024CFMW: Cross-modality Fusion Mamba for Robust Object Detection under Adverse Weathercited by 8
  9. 2025M-SpecGene: Generalized Foundation Model for RGBT Multispectral Visioncited by 8
  10. 2023MuG: A Multimodal Classification Benchmark on Game Data with Tabular, Textual, and Visual Fieldscited by 6
  11. 2024MambaST: A Plug-and-Play Cross-Spectral Spatial-Temporal Fuser for Efficient Pedestrian Detectioncited by 6
  12. 2025Multispectral State-Space Feature Fusion: Bridging Shared and Cross-Parametric Interactions for Object Detectioncited by 6
  13. 2024MiPa: Mixed Patch Infrared-Visible Modality Agnostic Object Detectioncited by 5
  14. 2024DPDETR: Decoupled Position Detection Transformer for Infrared-Visible Object Detectioncited by 5
  15. 2025C3-OWD: A Curriculum Cross-modal Contrastive Learning Framework for Open-World Detectioncited by 5
  16. 2024SeaDATE: Remedy Dual-Attention Transformer with Semantic Alignment via Contrast Learning for Multimodal Object Detectioncited by 4
  17. 2024Mixture of Scale Experts for Alignment-free RGBT Video Object Detection and A Unified Benchmarkcited by 4
  18. 2024Optimizing Multispectral Object Detection: A Bag of Tricks and Comprehensive Benchmarkscited by 4
  19. 2025Cross-modal Offset-guided Dynamic Alignment and Fusion for Weakly Aligned UAV Object Detectioncited by 4
  20. 2023Fuse It or Lose It: Deep Fusion for Multimodal Simulation-Based Inferencecited by 3
  21. 2024MSCoTDet: Language-driven Multi-modal Fusion for Improved Multispectral Pedestrian Detectioncited by 3
  22. 2024DiffX: Guide Your Layout to Cross-Modal Generative Modelingcited by 3
  23. 2025YOLOv11-RGBT: Towards a Comprehensive Single-Stage Multispectral Object Detection Frameworkcited by 3
  24. 2025SMART-Ship: A Comprehensive Synchronized Multi-modal Aligned Remote Sensing Targets Dataset and Benchmark for Berthed Ships Analysiscited by 3
  25. 2023Multimodal Transformer Using Cross-Channel attention for Object Detection in Remote Sensing Imagescited by 2
  26. 2023Contrastive Learning-Based Spectral Knowledge Distillation for Multi-Modality and Missing Modality Scenarios in Semantic Segmentationcited by 2
  27. 2025COXNet: Cross-Layer Fusion with Adaptive Alignment and Scale Integration for RGBT Tiny Object Detectioncited by 2
  28. 2025IRDFusion: Iterative Relation-Map Difference guided Feature Fusion for Multispectral Object Detectioncited by 2
  29. 2025SFFR: Spatial-Frequency Feature Reconstruction for Multispectral Aerial Object Detectioncited by 2
  30. 2025Towards Robust Optical-SAR Object Detection under Missing Modalities: A Dynamic Quality-Aware Fusion Frameworkcited by 2
  31. 2026How Do Optical Flow and Textual Prompts Collaborate to Assist in Audio-Visual Semantic Segmentation?cited by 2
  32. 2024FoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation Model beyond Multimodal Siamese Networkcited by 1
  33. 2024IV-tuning: Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning for Infrared-Visible Taskscited by 1
  34. 2025AlignFreeNet: Is Cross-Modal Pre-Alignment Necessary? An End-to-End Alignment-Free Lightweight Network for Visible-Infrared Object Detectioncited by 1
  35. 2025DOD-SA: Infrared-Visible Decoupled Object Detection with Single-Modality Annotationscited by 1
  36. 2025Contrast-Guided Cross-Modal Distillation for Thermal Object Detectioncited by 1
  37. 2025On Modality Incomplete Infrared-Visible Object Detection: An Architecture Compatibility Perspectivecited by 1
  38. 2025Representation Space Constrained Learning with Modality Decoupling for Multimodal Object Detectioncited by 1

50 most cited of 86 All 86 (JSON)