mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Voice Conversion Challenge 2020: Intra-lingual semi-parallel and cross-lingual voice conversion

arXiv 2008.12527 ↗First posted 28 Aug 2020eess.AS cs.SDcited by 75

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Abstract (arXiv)

The voice conversion challenge is a bi-annual scientific event held to compare and understand different voice conversion (VC) systems built on a common dataset. In 2020, we organized the third edition of the challenge and constructed and distributed a new database for two tasks, intra-lingual semi-parallel and cross-lingual VC. After a two-month challenge period, we received 33 submissions, including 3 baselines built on the database. From the results of crowd-sourced listening tests, we observed that VC methods have progressed rapidly thanks to advanced deep learning methods. In particular, speaker similarity scores of several systems turned out to be as high as target speakers in the intra-lingual semi-parallel VC task. However, we confirmed that none of them have achieved human-level naturalness yet for the same task. The cross-lingual conversion task is, as expected, a more difficult task, and the overall naturalness and similarity scores were lower than those for the intra-lingual conversion task. However, we observed encouraging results, and the MOS scores of the best systems were higher than 4.0. We also show a few additional analysis results to aid in understanding cross-lingual VC better.

Key facts. Cited by 75 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Aug 2020.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 18; 2022: 17; 2023: 14; 2024: 14; 2025: 9; 2026: 3.

75 papers.

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  1. 2021Emotional Voice Conversion: Theory, Databases and ESDcited by 113
  2. 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
  3. 2022FreeVC: Towards High-Quality Text-Free One-Shot Voice Conversioncited by 79
  4. 2022SUPERB-SG: Enhanced Speech processing Universal PERformance Benchmark for Semantic and Generative Capabilitiescited by 76
  5. 2021Translatotron 2: High-quality direct speech-to-speech translation with voice preservationcited by 69
  6. 2023Voice Conversion With Just Nearest Neighborscited by 67
  7. 2021StarGANv2-VC: A Diverse, Unsupervised, Non-parallel Framework for Natural-Sounding Voice Conversioncited by 57
  8. 2023DDDM-VC: Decoupled Denoising Diffusion Models with Disentangled Representation and Prior Mixup for Verified Robust Voice Conversioncited by 38
  9. 2024A Large-Scale Evaluation of Speech Foundation Modelscited by 38
  10. 2024XLSR-Mamba: A Dual-Column Bidirectional State Space Model for Spoofing Attack Detectioncited by 27
  11. 2023The Singing Voice Conversion Challenge 2023cited by 25
  12. 2021LDNet: Unified Listener Dependent Modeling in MOS Prediction for Synthetic Speechcited by 24
38 more
  1. 2021S3PRL-VC: Open-source Voice Conversion Framework with Self-supervised Speech Representationscited by 22
  2. 2021ESPnet2-TTS: Extending the Edge of TTS Researchcited by 22
  3. 2024SONICS: Synthetic Or Not -- Identifying Counterfeit Songscited by 21
  4. 2022Zero-Shot Voice Conditioning for Denoising Diffusion TTS Modelscited by 20
  5. 2022SpeechLMScore: Evaluating speech generation using speech language modelcited by 19
  6. 2025ALLM4ADD: Unlocking the Capabilities of Audio Large Language Models for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 17
  7. 2021Voice Conversion Can Improve ASR in Very Low-Resource Settingscited by 13
  8. 2021Style Equalization: Unsupervised Learning of Controllable Generative Sequence Modelscited by 11
  9. 2023Do You Remember? Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting for Fake Audio Detectioncited by 11
  10. 2022Learning the Beauty in Songs: Neural Singing Voice Beautifiercited by 10
  11. 2022Fusion of Self-supervised Learned Models for MOS Predictioncited by 10
  12. 2022A Comparative Study of Self-supervised Speech Representation Based Voice Conversioncited by 9
  13. 2023Multi-Dataset Co-Training with Sharpness-Aware Optimization for Audio Anti-spoofingcited by 9
  14. 2023Phoneme Hallucinator: One-shot Voice Conversion via Set Expansioncited by 9
  15. 2024Harder or Different? Understanding Generalization of Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 9
  16. 2022Cross-Speaker Emotion Transfer for Low-Resource Text-to-Speech Using Non-Parallel Voice Conversion with Pitch-Shift Data Augmentationcited by 8
  17. 2024SLIM: Style-Linguistics Mismatch Model for Generalized Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 8
  18. 2022DDOS: A MOS Prediction Framework utilizing Domain Adaptive Pre-training and Distribution of Opinion Scorescited by 7
  19. 2023MOSPC: MOS Prediction Based on Pairwise Comparisoncited by 7
  20. 2024Improving child speech recognition with augmented child-like speechcited by 7
  21. 2024Prompt Tuning for Audio Deepfake Detection: Computationally Efficient Test-time Domain Adaptation with Limited Target Datasetcited by 7
  22. 2022Deepfake: Definitions, Performance Metrics and Standards, Datasets and Benchmarks, and a Meta-Reviewcited by 6
  23. 2023DSVAE: Interpretable Disentangled Representation for Synthetic Speech Detectioncited by 6
  24. 2023Rhythm Modeling for Voice Conversioncited by 6
  25. 2023Towards General-Purpose Text-Instruction-Guided Voice Conversioncited by 6
  26. 2021Pathological voice adaptation with autoencoder-based voice conversioncited by 5
  27. 2021StarGAN-ZSVC: Towards Zero-Shot Voice Conversion in Low-Resource Contextscited by 4
  28. 2021SVSNet: An End-to-end Speaker Voice Similarity Assessment Modelcited by 4
  29. 2023Evaluating Methods for Ground-Truth-Free Foreign Accent Conversioncited by 4
  30. 2023Voice Conversion for Stuttered Speech, Instruments, Unseen Languages and Textually Described Voicescited by 4
  31. 2021An Adaptive Learning based Generative Adversarial Network for One-To-One Voice Conversioncited by 3
  32. 2021High-Fidelity and Low-Latency Universal Neural Vocoder based on Multiband WaveRNN with Data-Driven Linear Prediction for Discrete Waveform Modelingcited by 3
  33. 2021On Prosody Modeling for ASR+TTS based Voice Conversioncited by 3
  34. 2022Improve few-shot voice cloning using multi-modal learningcited by 3
  35. 2022Speak Like a Dog: Human to Non-human creature Voice Conversioncited by 3
  36. 2022Cross-lingual Text-To-Speech with Flow-based Voice Conversion for Improved Pronunciationcited by 3
  37. 2024SpeechComposer: Unifying Multiple Speech Tasks with Prompt Compositioncited by 3
  38. 2025LinearVC: Linear transformations of self-supervised features through the lens of voice conversioncited by 3

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