mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Unsupervised Object-Level Representation Learning from Scene Images

arXiv 2106.11952 ↗First posted 22 Jun 2021cs.CVcited by 72

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Abstract (arXiv)

Contrastive self-supervised learning has largely narrowed the gap to supervised pre-training on ImageNet. However, its success highly relies on the object-centric priors of ImageNet, i.e., different augmented views of the same image correspond to the same object. Such a heavily curated constraint becomes immediately infeasible when pre-trained on more complex scene images with many objects. To overcome this limitation, we introduce Object-level Representation Learning (ORL), a new self-supervised learning framework towards scene images. Our key insight is to leverage image-level self-supervised pre-training as the prior to discover object-level semantic correspondence, thus realizing object-level representation learning from scene images. Extensive experiments on COCO show that ORL significantly improves the performance of self-supervised learning on scene images, even surpassing supervised ImageNet pre-training on several downstream tasks. Furthermore, ORL improves the downstream performance when more unlabeled scene images are available, demonstrating its great potential of harnessing unlabeled data in the wild. We hope our approach can motivate future research on more general-purpose unsupervised representation learning from scene data.

Key facts. Cited by 72 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 58 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Jun 2021.

Builds on

58 of 75 references.

References · 58

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
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38 more
  1. 2020Exploring Simple Siamese Representation Learningcited by 2,866
  2. 2020Unsupervised Learning of Visual Features by Contrasting Cluster Assignmentscited by 2,857
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50 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 22; 2023: 25; 2024: 9; 2025: 8; 2026: 6.

72 papers.

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  1. 2022Bridging the Gap to Real-World Object-Centric Learningcited by 220
  2. 2026V-JEPA 2.1: Unlocking Dense Features in Video Self-Supervised Learningcited by 117
  3. 2024A Phase Transition in Diffusion Models Reveals the Hierarchical Nature of Datacited by 93
  4. 2023Towards Large-scale 3D Representation Learning with Multi-dataset Point Prompt Trainingcited by 86
  5. 2022Object discovery and representation networkscited by 80
  6. 2024Compositional Entailment Learning for Hyperbolic Vision-Language Modelscited by 74
  7. 2022Self-Supervised Visual Representation Learning with Semantic Groupingcited by 70
  8. 2022Hyperbolic Contrastive Learning for Visual Representations beyond Objectscited by 61
  9. 2023Masked Scene Contrast: A Scalable Framework for Unsupervised 3D Representation Learningcited by 56
  10. 2022Point-Level Region Contrast for Object Detection Pre-Trainingcited by 41
  11. 2023Know Your Self-supervised Learning: A Survey on Image-based Generative and Discriminative Trainingcited by 39
  12. 2023MosaicFusion: Diffusion Models as Data Augmenters for Large Vocabulary Instance Segmentationcited by 35
38 more
  1. 2022UniVIP: A Unified Framework for Self-Supervised Visual Pre-trainingcited by 31
  2. 2024GroupContrast: Semantic-aware Self-supervised Representation Learning for 3D Understandingcited by 26
  3. 2022Self-supervised remote sensing feature learning: Learning Paradigms, Challenges, and Future Workscited by 24
  4. 2023CrOC: Cross-View Online Clustering for Dense Visual Representation Learningcited by 21
  5. 2023Boosting Video Object Segmentation via Space-time Correspondence Learningcited by 21
  6. 2025Hyperbolic Deep Learning for Foundation Models: A Surveycited by 20
  7. 2023Multi-Label Self-Supervised Learning with Scene Imagescited by 17
  8. 2023CrIBo: Self-Supervised Learning via Cross-Image Object-Level Bootstrappingcited by 17
  9. 2023Unsupervised Object Localization in the Era of Self-Supervised ViTs: A Surveycited by 16
  10. 2022Panoramic Panoptic Segmentation: Insights Into Surrounding Parsing for Mobile Agents via Unsupervised Contrastive Learningcited by 14
  11. 2023R-MAE: Regions Meet Masked Autoencoderscited by 13
  12. 2023Unsupervised Open-Vocabulary Object Localization in Videoscited by 13
  13. 2023Weakly-supervised Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Object Discoverycited by 12
  14. 2021Semantic-Aware Generation for Self-Supervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 11
  15. 2023Correlational Image Modeling for Self-Supervised Visual Pre-Trainingcited by 11
  16. 2022Scene Consistency Representation Learning for Video Scene Segmentationcited by 9
  17. 2023FLSL: Feature-level Self-supervised Learningcited by 9
  18. 2022Dense Siamese Network for Dense Unsupervised Learningcited by 8
  19. 2022Semantics-Consistent Feature Search for Self-Supervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 8
  20. 2023Siamese DETRcited by 8
  21. 2022Prior Knowledge-Guided Attention in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 7
  22. 2022Robust and Controllable Object-Centric Learning through Energy-based Modelscited by 7
  23. 2023Coarse Is Better? A New Pipeline Towards Self-Supervised Learning with Uncurated Imagescited by 7
  24. 2023Understanding Self-Supervised Features for Learning Unsupervised Instance Segmentationcited by 7
  25. 2023Vision Learners Meet Web Image-Text Pairscited by 6
  26. 2022ProtoCLIP: Prototypical Contrastive Language Image Pretrainingcited by 5
  27. 2022Refine and Represent: Region-to-Object Representation Learningcited by 5
  28. 2022Pixel-Wise Contrastive Distillationcited by 5
  29. 2023Semantic Contrastive Bootstrapping for Single-positive Multi-label Recognitioncited by 5
  30. 2022CoDo: Contrastive Learning with Downstream Background Invariance for Detectioncited by 3
  31. 2022A Study on Self-Supervised Object Detection Pretrainingcited by 3
  32. 2025FORLA: Federated Object-centric Representation Learning with Slot Attentioncited by 3
  33. 2021PreViTS: Contrastive Pretraining with Video Tracking Supervisioncited by 2
  34. 2022Efficient Self-Supervision using Patch-based Contrastive Learning for Histopathology Image Segmentationcited by 2
  35. 2022Learning to See the Elephant in the Room: Self-Supervised Context Reasoning in Humans and AIcited by 2
  36. 2023Saliency Guided Contrastive Learning on Scene Imagescited by 2
  37. 2023Enhancing Representations through Heterogeneous Self-Supervised Learningcited by 2
  38. 2024SemanticMIM: Marring Masked Image Modeling with Semantics Compression for General Visual Representationcited by 2

50 most cited of 72 All 72 (JSON)