Masked Scene Contrast: A Scalable Framework for Unsupervised 3D Representation Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
As a pioneering work, PointContrast conducts unsupervised 3D representation learning via leveraging contrastive learning over raw RGB-D frames and proves its effectiveness on various downstream tasks. However, the trend of large-scale unsupervised learning in 3D has yet to emerge due to two stumbling blocks: the inefficiency of matching RGB-D frames as contrastive views and the annoying mode collapse phenomenon mentioned in previous works. Turning the two stumbling blocks into empirical stepping stones, we first propose an efficient and effective contrastive learning framework, which generates contrastive views directly on scene-level point clouds by a well-curated data augmentation pipeline and a practical view mixing strategy. Second, we introduce reconstructive learning on the contrastive learning framework with an exquisite design of contrastive cross masks, which targets the reconstruction of point color and surfel normal. Our Masked Scene Contrast (MSC) framework is capable of extracting comprehensive 3D representations more efficiently and effectively. It accelerates the pre-training procedure by at least 3x and still achieves an uncompromised performance compared with previous work. Besides, MSC also enables large-scale 3D pre-training across multiple datasets, which further boosts the performance and achieves state-of-the-art fine-tuning results on several downstream tasks, e.g., 75.5% mIoU on ScanNet semantic segmentation validation set.
Key facts. Cited by 56 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Mar 2023.
Builds on
45 of 63 references.
References · 45
- 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 12,009
- 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,712
- 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,492
- 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,364
- 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,915
- 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,231
- 2020Bootstrap your own latent: A new approach to self-supervised Learningcited by 4,730
- 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,389
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,096
- 2020Exploring Simple Siamese Representation Learningcited by 2,860
- 2021BEiT: BERT Pre-Training of Image Transformerscited by 2,368
- 2018Unsupervised Feature Learning via Non-Parametric Instance-level Discriminationcited by 1,841
33 more
- 2018PointPillars: Fast Encoders for Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 1,709
- 2020Point Transformercited by 1,465
- 2018Learning deep representations by mutual information estimation and maximizationcited by 1,269
- 20194D Spatio-Temporal ConvNets: Minkowski Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 1,205
- 2019KPConv: Flexible and Deformable Convolution for Point Cloudscited by 1,203
- 2021SimMIM: A Simple Framework for Masked Image Modelingcited by 1,150
- 2020What Makes for Good Views for Contrastive Learning?cited by 844
- 20173D Semantic Segmentation with Submanifold Sparse Convolutional Networkscited by 747
- 2020PCT: Point cloud transformercited by 731
- 2016Multi-View 3D Object Detection Network for Autonomous Drivingcited by 722
- 2019Data-Efficient Image Recognition with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 673
- 2021Masked Feature Prediction for Self-Supervised Visual Pre-Trainingcited by 574
- 2015Multi-view Convolutional Neural Networks for 3D Shape Recognitioncited by 565
- 2020PointContrast: Unsupervised Pre-training for 3D Point Cloud Understandingcited by 503
- 2016Semantic Scene Completion from a Single Depth Imagecited by 469
- 2021ARKitScenes: A Diverse Real-World Dataset For 3D Indoor Scene Understanding Using Mobile RGB-D Datacited by 445
- 2022Point Transformer V2: Grouped Vector Attention and Partition-based Poolingcited by 385
- 2019Deep Closest Point: Learning Representations for Point Cloud Registrationcited by 320
- 2020PointGroup: Dual-Set Point Grouping for 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 319
- 2022Masked Siamese Networks for Label-Efficient Learningcited by 302
- 2022Language-Grounded Indoor 3D Semantic Segmentation in the Wildcited by 244
- 2020Exploring Data-Efficient 3D Scene Understanding with Contrastive Scene Contextscited by 210
- 2021Mix3D: Out-of-Context Data Augmentation for 3D Scenescited by 126
- 2021Are Large-scale Datasets Necessary for Self-Supervised Pre-training?cited by 117
- 2016Vehicle Detection from 3D Lidar Using Fully Convolutional Networkcited by 106
- 2019Unsupervised Multi-Task Feature Learning on Point Cloudscited by 89
- 2021Unsupervised Object-Level Representation Learning from Scene Imagescited by 72
- 2020Self-EMD: Self-Supervised Object Detection without ImageNetcited by 70
- 2022Self-Supervised Visual Representation Learning with Semantic Groupingcited by 70
- 2020Info3D: Representation Learning on 3D Objects using Mutual Information Maximization and Contrastive Learningcited by 68
- 2022Extreme Masking for Learning Instance and Distributed Visual Representationscited by 21
- 2022VIBUS: Data-efficient 3D Scene Parsing with VIewpoint Bottleneck and Uncertainty-Spectrum Modelingcited by 21
- 2021ICM-3D: Instantiated Category Modeling for 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 18
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 8; 2024: 17; 2025: 15; 2026: 16.
56 papers.
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- 2023Point Transformer V3: Simpler, Faster, Strongercited by 584
- 2023Swin3D: A Pretrained Transformer Backbone for 3D Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 111
- 2025Sonata: Self-Supervised Learning of Reliable Point Representationscited by 109
- 2023Towards Large-scale 3D Representation Learning with Multi-dataset Point Prompt Trainingcited by 85
- 2023UniPAD: A Universal Pre-training Paradigm for Autonomous Drivingcited by 73
- 2024Point Cloud Mamba: Point Cloud Learning via State Space Modelcited by 66
- 2023PonderV2: Pave the Way for 3D Foundation Model with A Universal Pre-training Paradigmcited by 56
- 2023Point Cloud Pre-training with Diffusion Modelscited by 47
- 2024Lexicon3D: Probing Visual Foundation Models for Complex 3D Scene Understandingcited by 47
- 2024Point Cloud Matters: Rethinking the Impact of Different Observation Spaces on Robot Learningcited by 45
- 2024OA-CNNs: Omni-Adaptive Sparse CNNs for 3D Semantic Segmentationcited by 43
- 2025Concerto: Joint 2D-3D Self-Supervised Learning Emerges Spatial Representationscited by 43
38 more
- 2025DINO in the Room: Leveraging 2D Foundation Models for 3D Segmentationcited by 31
- 2024Masked Image Modeling: A Surveycited by 28
- 2024GroupContrast: Semantic-aware Self-supervised Representation Learning for 3D Understandingcited by 26
- 2026Utonia: Toward One Encoder for All Point Cloudscited by 19
- 2024Bringing Masked Autoencoders Explicit Contrastive Properties for Point Cloud Self-Supervised Learningcited by 16
- 2023Point-GCC: Universal Self-supervised 3D Scene Pre-training via Geometry-Color Contrastcited by 14
- 2024LCM: Locally Constrained Compact Point Cloud Model for Masked Point Modelingcited by 12
- 2024Efficient 3D Recognition with Event-driven Spike Sparse Convolutioncited by 11
- 2025Masked Point-Entity Contrast for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understandingcited by 10
- 2024ConDense: Consistent 2D/3D Pre-training for Dense and Sparse Features from Multi-View Imagescited by 9
- 2025Chorus: Multi-Teacher Pretraining for Holistic 3D Gaussian Scene Encodingcited by 9
- 2024Swin3D++: Effective Multi-Source Pretraining for 3D Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 6
- 2025UniPre3D: Unified Pre-training of 3D Point Cloud Models with Cross-Modal Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2024Mitigating Object Dependencies: Improving Point Cloud Self-Supervised Learning through Object Exchangecited by 5
- 2025Masked Scene Modeling: Narrowing the Gap Between Supervised and Self-Supervised Learning in 3D Scene Understandingcited by 4
- 2025On Geometry-Enhanced Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for 3D Scene Segmentationcited by 4
- 2026Towards Foundation Models for 3D Scene Understanding: Instance-Aware Self-Supervised Learning for Point Cloudscited by 4
- 2025CleverDistiller: Simple and Spatially Consistent Cross-modal Distillationcited by 3
- 2025GaussianCross: Cross-modal Self-supervised 3D Representation Learning via Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
- 2025Multi-View Foundation Modelscited by 2
- 2026P-SLCR: Unsupervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation via Prototypes Structure Learning and Consistent Reasoningcited by 2
- 2026PointTPA: Dynamic Network Parameter Adaptation for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 2
- 2026StereoPolicy: Improving Robotic Manipulation Policies via Stereo Perceptioncited by 2
- 2023Generalized Robot 3D Vision-Language Model with Fast Rendering and Pre-Training Vision-Language Alignmentcited by 1
- 2024Exploring the Untouched Sweeps for Conflict-Aware 3D Segmentation Pretrainingcited by 1
- 2024Exploring contextual modeling with linear complexity for point cloud segmentationcited by 1
- 2024Semantic-Free Procedural 3D Shapes Are Surprisingly Good Teacherscited by 1
- 2024Point Cloud Unsupervised Pre-training via 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2025SVL: Empowering Spiking Neural Networks for Efficient 3D Open-World Understandingcited by 1
- 2026PointCSP: Cross-Sample Semantic Propagation and Stability Preservation in Self-Supervised Point Cloud Learningcited by 1
- 2026From Extrinsic to Intrinsic: Geodesic-Guided Representation Learning for 3D Geometric Datacited by 1
- 2026Panda Diplomacy: Foundation Model Pre-training across Particle Imaging Detectors for High Energy and Nuclear Physicscited by 1
- 2024Point Transformer V3 Extreme: 1st Place Solution for 2024 Waymo Open Dataset Challenge in Semantic Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025Disentangling Granularity: An Implicit Inductive Bias in Factorized VAEscited by 0
- 2025Adaptive Mask-guided K-space Diffusion for Accelerated MRI Reconstructioncited by 0
- 20253D sans 3D Scans: Scalable Pre-training from Video-Generated Point Cloudscited by 0
- 2026Data-Efficient Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Clouds via Open-Vocabulary Image Segmentation-based Pseudo-Labelingcited by 0
- 2026From Spherical to Gaussian: A Comparative Analysis of Point Cloud Cropping Strategies in Large-Scale 3D Environmentscited by 0
50 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)
- 2026ExStereo: Lifting 2D Vision-Language-Action Models to 3D with Explicit Stereo Representations3 Oct 2026
- 2026PAGER: Partial-to-global Alignment via Geometric and Relational Distillation1 Oct 2026
- 2026Panda Diplomacy: Foundation Model Pre-training across Particle Imaging Detectors for High Energy and Nuclear Physics1 Sep 2026
- 2026Polis: 3D Self-Supervision at City Scale29 Aug 2026
- 2026Vernata: Self-Supervised Learning of LiDAR Point Representations7 Aug 2026
- 2026SR-JEPA: Learning Predictive Latent State in 3D Scenes6 Aug 2026
- 2026From Extrinsic to Intrinsic: Geodesic-Guided Representation Learning for 3D Geometric Data1 Jun 2026
- 2026StereoPolicy: Improving Robotic Manipulation Policies via Stereo Perception11 May 2026
- 2026Distill, Diffuse, Segment: Unsupervised 3D Semantic Segmentation for Autonomous Driving Based on Multi-Level Distillation and Graph Diffusion8 May 2026
- 2026From Spherical to Gaussian: A Comparative Analysis of Point Cloud Cropping Strategies in Large-Scale 3D Environments3 May 2026
- 2026PointCSP: Cross-Sample Semantic Propagation and Stability Preservation in Self-Supervised Point Cloud Learning3 May 2026
- 2026Data-Efficient Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Clouds via Open-Vocabulary Image Segmentation-based Pseudo-Labeling13 Apr 2026
38 more
- 2026PointTPA: Dynamic Network Parameter Adaptation for 3D Scene Understanding6 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Foundation Models for 3D Scene Understanding: Instance-Aware Self-Supervised Learning for Point Clouds26 Mar 2026
- 2026P-SLCR: Unsupervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation via Prototypes Structure Learning and Consistent Reasoning6 Mar 2026
- 2026Utonia: Toward One Encoder for All Point Clouds3 Mar 2026
- 20253D sans 3D Scans: Scalable Pre-training from Video-Generated Point Clouds28 Dec 2025
- 2025Chorus: Multi-Teacher Pretraining for Holistic 3D Gaussian Scene Encoding19 Dec 2025
- 2025Multi-View Foundation Models17 Dec 2025
- 2025Concerto: Joint 2D-3D Self-Supervised Learning Emerges Spatial Representations27 Oct 2025
- 2025GaussianCross: Cross-modal Self-supervised 3D Representation Learning via Gaussian Splatting4 Aug 2025
- 2025Adaptive Mask-guided K-space Diffusion for Accelerated MRI Reconstruction23 Jun 2025
- 2025UniPre3D: Unified Pre-training of 3D Point Cloud Models with Cross-Modal Gaussian Splatting11 Jun 2025
- 2025Disentangling Granularity: An Implicit Inductive Bias in Factorized VAEs30 May 2025
- 2025On Geometry-Enhanced Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for 3D Scene Segmentation28 May 2025
- 2025SVL: Empowering Spiking Neural Networks for Efficient 3D Open-World Understanding23 May 2025
- 2025Masked Point-Entity Contrast for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understanding28 Apr 2025
- 2025Masked Scene Modeling: Narrowing the Gap Between Supervised and Self-Supervised Learning in 3D Scene Understanding9 Apr 2025
- 2025DINO in the Room: Leveraging 2D Foundation Models for 3D Segmentation24 Mar 2025
- 2025Sonata: Self-Supervised Learning of Reliable Point Representations20 Mar 2025
- 2025CleverDistiller: Simple and Spatially Consistent Cross-modal Distillation12 Mar 2025
- 2024Efficient 3D Recognition with Event-driven Spike Sparse Convolution10 Dec 2024
- 2024Point Cloud Unsupervised Pre-training via 3D Gaussian Splatting27 Nov 2024
- 2024Semantic-Free Procedural 3D Shapes Are Surprisingly Good Teachers25 Nov 2024
- 2024Exploring contextual modeling with linear complexity for point cloud segmentation28 Oct 2024
- 2024Lexicon3D: Probing Visual Foundation Models for Complex 3D Scene Understanding5 Sep 2024
- 2024ConDense: Consistent 2D/3D Pre-training for Dense and Sparse Features from Multi-View Images30 Aug 2024
- 2024Masked Image Modeling: A Survey13 Aug 2024
- 2024Point Transformer V3 Extreme: 1st Place Solution for 2024 Waymo Open Dataset Challenge in Semantic Segmentation21 Jul 2024
- 2024Exploring the Untouched Sweeps for Conflict-Aware 3D Segmentation Pretraining10 Jul 2024
- 2024Bringing Masked Autoencoders Explicit Contrastive Properties for Point Cloud Self-Supervised Learning8 Jul 2024
- 2024LCM: Locally Constrained Compact Point Cloud Model for Masked Point Modeling27 May 2024
- 2024Mitigating Object Dependencies: Improving Point Cloud Self-Supervised Learning through Object Exchange11 Apr 2024
- 2024OA-CNNs: Omni-Adaptive Sparse CNNs for 3D Semantic Segmentation21 Mar 2024
- 2024GroupContrast: Semantic-aware Self-supervised Representation Learning for 3D Understanding14 Mar 2024
- 2024Point Cloud Mamba: Point Cloud Learning via State Space Model1 Mar 2024
- 2024Swin3D++: Effective Multi-Source Pretraining for 3D Indoor Scene Understanding22 Feb 2024
- 2024Point Cloud Matters: Rethinking the Impact of Different Observation Spaces on Robot Learning4 Feb 2024
- 2023Point Transformer V3: Simpler, Faster, Stronger15 Dec 2023
- 2023Generalized Robot 3D Vision-Language Model with Fast Rendering and Pre-Training Vision-Language Alignment1 Dec 2023
50 newest of 56 All 56 (JSON)
- 2023Point Cloud Pre-training with Diffusion Modelscited by 47
- 2023Point Cloud Pre-training with Diffusion Models25 Nov 2023
- 2023Point Transformer V3: Simpler, Faster, Strongercited by 584
- 2023Swin3D: A Pretrained Transformer Backbone for 3D Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 111
- 2025Sonata: Self-Supervised Learning of Reliable Point Representationscited by 109
- 2023Towards Large-scale 3D Representation Learning with Multi-dataset Point Prompt Trainingcited by 85
- 2023UniPAD: A Universal Pre-training Paradigm for Autonomous Drivingcited by 73
- 2023PonderV2: Pave the Way for 3D Foundation Model with A Universal Pre-training Paradigmcited by 56
- 2024Lexicon3D: Probing Visual Foundation Models for Complex 3D Scene Understandingcited by 47
- 2024Point Cloud Matters: Rethinking the Impact of Different Observation Spaces on Robot Learningcited by 45
- 2024OA-CNNs: Omni-Adaptive Sparse CNNs for 3D Semantic Segmentationcited by 43
- 2025Concerto: Joint 2D-3D Self-Supervised Learning Emerges Spatial Representationscited by 43
- 2025DINO in the Room: Leveraging 2D Foundation Models for 3D Segmentationcited by 31
- 2024Masked Image Modeling: A Surveycited by 28
12 most cited of 49 All 49 (JSON)
- 2026PAGER: Partial-to-global Alignment via Geometric and Relational Distillation1 Oct 2026
- 2026Panda Diplomacy: Foundation Model Pre-training across Particle Imaging Detectors for High Energy and Nuclear Physics1 Sep 2026
- 2026Polis: 3D Self-Supervision at City Scale29 Aug 2026
- 2026Vernata: Self-Supervised Learning of LiDAR Point Representations7 Aug 2026
- 2026SR-JEPA: Learning Predictive Latent State in 3D Scenes6 Aug 2026
- 2026From Extrinsic to Intrinsic: Geodesic-Guided Representation Learning for 3D Geometric Data1 Jun 2026
- 2026Distill, Diffuse, Segment: Unsupervised 3D Semantic Segmentation for Autonomous Driving Based on Multi-Level Distillation and Graph Diffusion8 May 2026
- 2026From Spherical to Gaussian: A Comparative Analysis of Point Cloud Cropping Strategies in Large-Scale 3D Environments3 May 2026
- 2026PointCSP: Cross-Sample Semantic Propagation and Stability Preservation in Self-Supervised Point Cloud Learning3 May 2026
- 2026Data-Efficient Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Clouds via Open-Vocabulary Image Segmentation-based Pseudo-Labeling13 Apr 2026
- 2026PointTPA: Dynamic Network Parameter Adaptation for 3D Scene Understanding6 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Foundation Models for 3D Scene Understanding: Instance-Aware Self-Supervised Learning for Point Clouds26 Mar 2026
12 newest of 49 All 49 (JSON)