mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DocNLI: A Large-scale Dataset for Document-level Natural Language Inference

arXiv 2106.09449 ↗First posted 17 Jun 2021cs.CLcited by 75

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Natural language inference (NLI) is formulated as a unified framework for solving various NLP problems such as relation extraction, question answering, summarization, etc. It has been studied intensively in the past few years thanks to the availability of large-scale labeled datasets. However, most existing studies focus on merely sentence-level inference, which limits the scope of NLI's application in downstream NLP problems. This work presents DocNLI -- a newly-constructed large-scale dataset for document-level NLI. DocNLI is transformed from a broad range of NLP problems and covers multiple genres of text. The premises always stay in the document granularity, whereas the hypotheses vary in length from single sentences to passages with hundreds of words. Additionally, DocNLI has pretty limited artifacts which unfortunately widely exist in some popular sentence-level NLI datasets. Our experiments demonstrate that, even without fine-tuning, a model pretrained on DocNLI shows promising performance on popular sentence-level benchmarks, and generalizes well to out-of-domain NLP tasks that rely on inference at document granularity. Task-specific fine-tuning can bring further improvements. Data, code, and pretrained models can be found at https://github.com/salesforce/DocNLI.

Key facts. Cited by 75 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Jun 2021.

Builds on

21 of 27 references.

References · 21

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  3. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
  4. 2016SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Textcited by 4,115
  5. 2020Longformer: The Long-Document Transformercited by 3,362
  6. 2017A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inferencecited by 2,665
  7. 2020DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attentioncited by 2,157
  8. 2015A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inferencecited by 1,837
  9. 2016Google's Neural Machine Translation System: Bridging the Gap between Human and Machine Translationcited by 1,471
  10. 2018FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERificationcited by 1,362
  11. 2016Abstractive Text Summarization Using Sequence-to-Sequence RNNs and Beyondcited by 809
  12. 2019Adversarial NLI: A New Benchmark for Natural Language Understandingcited by 798
9 more
  1. 2019CTRL: A Conditional Transformer Language Model for Controllable Generationcited by 754
  2. 2018Annotation Artifacts in Natural Language Inference Datacited by 656
  3. 2019Evaluating the Factual Consistency of Abstractive Text Summarizationcited by 578
  4. 2018Hypothesis Only Baselines in Natural Language Inferencecited by 291
  5. 2016A Decomposable Attention Model for Natural Language Inferencecited by 214
  6. 2016Enhanced LSTM for Natural Language Inferencecited by 199
  7. 2018Combining Fact Extraction and Verification with Neural Semantic Matching Networkscited by 120
  8. 2018Transforming Question Answering Datasets Into Natural Language Inference Datasetscited by 99
  9. 2018Performance Impact Caused by Hidden Bias of Training Data for Recognizing Textual Entailmentcited by 58

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 24; 2023: 20; 2024: 15; 2025: 7; 2026: 5.

75 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2022UL2: Unifying Language Learning Paradigmscited by 292
  2. 2023AlignScore: Evaluating Factual Consistency with a Unified Alignment Functioncited by 284
  3. 2022Towards a Unified Multi-Dimensional Evaluator for Text Generationcited by 264
  4. 2024MiniCheck: Efficient Fact-Checking of LLMs on Grounding Documentscited by 251
  5. 2021SPoT: Better Frozen Model Adaptation through Soft Prompt Transfercited by 235
  6. 2021QAFactEval: Improved QA-Based Factual Consistency Evaluation for Summarizationcited by 233
  7. 2021ExT5: Towards Extreme Multi-Task Scaling for Transfer Learningcited by 161
  8. 2023WiCE: Real-World Entailment for Claims in Wikipediacited by 118
  9. 2023Revisiting Out-of-distribution Robustness in NLP: Benchmark, Analysis, and LLMs Evaluationscited by 96
  10. 2023TrueTeacher: Learning Factual Consistency Evaluation with Large Language Modelscited by 82
  11. 2022Generating Literal and Implied Subquestions to Fact-check Complex Claimscited by 66
  12. 2023Natural Language Reasoning, A Surveycited by 61
38 more
  1. 2023Understanding Retrieval Augmentation for Long-Form Question Answeringcited by 45
  2. 2022Stretching Sentence-pair NLI Models to Reason over Long Documents and Clusterscited by 44
  3. 2022Evaluating Unsupervised Text Classification: Zero-shot and Similarity-based Approachescited by 39
  4. 2022Falsesum: Generating Document-level NLI Examples for Recognizing Factual Inconsistency in Summarizationcited by 34
  5. 2022Summarization as Indirect Supervision for Relation Extractioncited by 31
  6. 2022PropSegmEnt: A Large-Scale Corpus for Proposition-Level Segmentation and Entailment Recognitioncited by 29
  7. 2023Zero-shot Faithful Factual Error Correctioncited by 26
  8. 2024Fine-Grained Natural Language Inference Based Faithfulness Evaluation for Diverse Summarisation Taskscited by 23
  9. 2022The NLP Task Effectiveness of Long-Range Transformerscited by 22
  10. 2023Zero-shot Faithfulness Evaluation for Text Summarization with Foundation Language Modelcited by 21
  11. 2022ERGO: Event Relational Graph Transformer for Document-level Event Causality Identificationcited by 19
  12. 2023Building Efficient Universal Classifiers with Natural Language Inferencecited by 19
  13. 2024FinDVer: Explainable Claim Verification over Long and Hybrid-Content Financial Documentscited by 19
  14. 2022MENLI: Robust Evaluation Metrics from Natural Language Inferencecited by 18
  15. 2023SeqGPT: An Out-of-the-box Large Language Model for Open Domain Sequence Understandingcited by 18
  16. 2023"Why is this misleading?": Detecting News Headline Hallucinations with Explanationscited by 17
  17. 2024From Single to Multi: How LLMs Hallucinate in Multi-Document Summarizationcited by 17
  18. 2022BioNLI: Generating a Biomedical NLI Dataset Using Lexico-semantic Constraints for Adversarial Examplescited by 15
  19. 2022Salience Allocation as Guidance for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 14
  20. 2024InfoLossQA: Characterizing and Recovering Information Loss in Text Simplificationcited by 14
  21. 2024Localizing Factual Inconsistencies in Attributable Text Generationcited by 13
  22. 2023ContraDoc: Understanding Self-Contradictions in Documents with Large Language Modelscited by 12
  23. 2023SWING: Balancing Coverage and Faithfulness for Dialogue Summarizationcited by 10
  24. 2023AMRFact: Enhancing Summarization Factuality Evaluation with AMR-Driven Negative Samples Generationcited by 10
  25. 2021Is My Model Using The Right Evidence? Systematic Probes for Examining Evidence-Based Tabular Reasoningcited by 9
  26. 2022Generalized Quantifiers as a Source of Error in Multilingual NLU Benchmarkscited by 8
  27. 2023Text Alignment Is An Efficient Unified Model for Massive NLP Taskscited by 8
  28. 2025On the Impact of Noise in Differentially Private Text Rewritingcited by 8
  29. 2025VeriCite: Towards Reliable Citations in Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Rigorous Verificationcited by 8
  30. 2022TRUE: Re-evaluating Factual Consistency Evaluationcited by 7
  31. 2022LawngNLI: A Long-Premise Benchmark for In-Domain Generalization from Short to Long Contexts and for Implication-Based Retrievalcited by 6
  32. 2023Drafting Event Schemas using Language Modelscited by 6
  33. 2024Document-level Claim Extraction and Decontextualisation for Fact-Checkingcited by 6
  34. 2025From Benchmarks to Skills: Low-Rank Factors for LLM Evaluationcited by 6
  35. 2022Embarrassingly Simple Performance Prediction for Abductive Natural Language Inferencecited by 5
  36. 2022Masked Summarization to Generate Factually Inconsistent Summaries for Improved Factual Consistency Checkingcited by 5
  37. 2022NarraSum: A Large-Scale Dataset for Abstractive Narrative Summarizationcited by 5
  38. 2024Identifying Factual Inconsistencies in Summaries: Grounding LLM Inference via Task Taxonomycited by 5

50 most cited of 75 All 75 (JSON)