Learning to Disentangle GAN Fingerprint for Fake Image Attribution
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Rapid pace of generative models has brought about new threats to visual forensics such as malicious personation and digital copyright infringement, which promotes works on fake image attribution. Existing works on fake image attribution mainly rely on a direct classification framework. Without additional supervision, the extracted features could include many content-relevant components and generalize poorly. Meanwhile, how to obtain an interpretable GAN fingerprint to explain the decision remains an open question. Adopting a multi-task framework, we propose a GAN Fingerprint Disentangling Network (GFD-Net) to simultaneously disentangle the fingerprint from GAN-generated images and produce a content-irrelevant representation for fake image attribution. A series of constraints are provided to guarantee the stability and discriminability of the fingerprint, which in turn helps content-irrelevant feature extraction. Further, we perform comprehensive analysis on GAN fingerprint, providing some clues about the properties of GAN fingerprint and which factors dominate the fingerprint in GAN architecture. Experiments show that our GFD-Net achieves superior fake image attribution performance in both closed-world and open-world testing. We also apply our method in binary fake image detection and exhibit a significant generalization ability on unseen generators.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jun 2021.
Builds on
32 of 37 references.
References · 32
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,691
- 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
- 2016Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 4,510
- 2014Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wildcited by 3,679
- 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,580
- 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,967
- 2016Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolutioncited by 2,678
- 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,609
- 2016Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable Convolutionscited by 2,320
- 2015Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2,048
20 more
- 2018Spectral Normalization for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,618
- 2018Demystifying MMD GANscited by 1,268
- 2019FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Imagescited by 1,095
- 2017StarGAN: Unified Generative Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1,036
- 2019CNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot... for nowcited by 842
- 2017Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networkscited by 707
- 2020Leveraging Frequency Analysis for Deep Fake Image Recognitioncited by 501
- 2018Learning to See in the Darkcited by 459
- 2019Detecting and Simulating Artifacts in GAN Fake Imagescited by 293
- 2020Watch your Up-Convolution: CNN Based Generative Deep Neural Networks are Failing to Reproduce Spectral Distributionscited by 278
- 2020What makes fake images detectable? Understanding properties that generalizecited by 272
- 2017Photographic Image Synthesis with Cascaded Refinement Networkscited by 223
- 2020Global Texture Enhancement for Fake Face Detection in the Wildcited by 220
- 2018Do GANs leave artificial fingerprints?cited by 188
- 2019Detecting GAN generated Fake Images using Co-occurrence Matricescited by 124
- 2020Responsible Disclosure of Generative Models Using Scalable Fingerprintingcited by 90
- 2018Diverse Image Synthesis from Semantic Layouts via Conditional IMLEcited by 60
- 2020InfoMax-GAN: Improved Adversarial Image Generation via Information Maximization and Contrastive Learningcited by 37
- 2020T-GD: Transferable GAN-generated Images Detection Frameworkcited by 28
- 2020Decentralized Attribution of Generative Modelscited by 16
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 5; 2024: 6; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.
19 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023UCF: Uncovering Common Features for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 177
- 2023Transcending Forgery Specificity with Latent Space Augmentation for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 126
- 2024DF40: Toward Next-Generation Deepfake Detectioncited by 126
- 2024X2-DFD: A framework for eXplainable and eXtendable Deepfake Detectioncited by 35
- 2023PTW: Pivotal Tuning Watermarking for Pre-Trained Image Generatorscited by 34
- 2023Progressive Open Space Expansion for Open-Set Model Attributioncited by 32
- 2022Making DeepFakes more spurious: evading deep face forgery detection via trace removal attackcited by 16
- 2025Methods and Trends in Detecting AI-Generated Images: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 12
- 2025Guard Me If You Know Me: Protecting Specific Face-Identity from Deepfakescited by 7
- 2024BOSC: A Backdoor-based Framework for Open Set Synthetic Image Attributioncited by 6
- 2022Spatial-Temporal Frequency Forgery Clue for Video Forgery Detection in VIS and NIR Scenariocited by 5
- 2024Protect-Your-IP: Scalable Source-Tracing and Attribution against Personalized Generationcited by 3
7 more
- 2025Beyond Deepfake vs Real: Facial Deepfake Detection in the Open-Set Paradigmcited by 1
- 2025PRADA: Probability-Ratio-Based Attribution and Detection of Autoregressive-Generated Imagescited by 1
- 2026ImageAttributionBench: How Far Are We from Generalizable Attribution?cited by 1
- 2023A Siamese-based Verification System for Open-set Architecture Attribution of Synthetic Imagescited by 0
- 2024Federated Face Forgery Detection Learning with Personalized Representationcited by 0
- 2024Deep Learning Technology for Face Forgery Detection: A Surveycited by 0
- 2026Representation and Reference Selection in Training-Free Synthetic Image Attributioncited by 0
- 2026Representation and Reference Selection in Training-Free Synthetic Image Attribution13 Jul 2026
- 2026ImageAttributionBench: How Far Are We from Generalizable Attribution?13 May 2026
- 2025PRADA: Probability-Ratio-Based Attribution and Detection of Autoregressive-Generated Images25 Nov 2025
- 2025Guard Me If You Know Me: Protecting Specific Face-Identity from Deepfakes26 May 2025
- 2025Beyond Deepfake vs Real: Facial Deepfake Detection in the Open-Set Paradigm11 Mar 2025
- 2025Methods and Trends in Detecting AI-Generated Images: A Comprehensive Review21 Feb 2025
- 2024X2-DFD: A framework for eXplainable and eXtendable Deepfake Detection8 Oct 2024
- 2024Deep Learning Technology for Face Forgery Detection: A Survey22 Sep 2024
- 2024DF40: Toward Next-Generation Deepfake Detection19 Jun 2024
- 2024Federated Face Forgery Detection Learning with Personalized Representation17 Jun 2024
- 2024Protect-Your-IP: Scalable Source-Tracing and Attribution against Personalized Generation26 May 2024
- 2024BOSC: A Backdoor-based Framework for Open Set Synthetic Image Attribution19 May 2024
7 more
- 2023Transcending Forgery Specificity with Latent Space Augmentation for Generalizable Deepfake Detection19 Nov 2023
- 2023A Siamese-based Verification System for Open-set Architecture Attribution of Synthetic Images19 Jul 2023
- 2023UCF: Uncovering Common Features for Generalizable Deepfake Detection27 Apr 2023
- 2023PTW: Pivotal Tuning Watermarking for Pre-Trained Image Generators14 Apr 2023
- 2023Progressive Open Space Expansion for Open-Set Model Attribution13 Mar 2023
- 2022Spatial-Temporal Frequency Forgery Clue for Video Forgery Detection in VIS and NIR Scenario5 Jul 2022
- 2022Making DeepFakes more spurious: evading deep face forgery detection via trace removal attack22 Mar 2022
- 2023UCF: Uncovering Common Features for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 177
- 2023Transcending Forgery Specificity with Latent Space Augmentation for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 126
- 2024DF40: Toward Next-Generation Deepfake Detectioncited by 126
- 2024X2-DFD: A framework for eXplainable and eXtendable Deepfake Detectioncited by 35
- 2023Progressive Open Space Expansion for Open-Set Model Attributioncited by 32
- 2022Making DeepFakes more spurious: evading deep face forgery detection via trace removal attackcited by 16
- 2025Guard Me If You Know Me: Protecting Specific Face-Identity from Deepfakescited by 7
- 2024BOSC: A Backdoor-based Framework for Open Set Synthetic Image Attributioncited by 6
- 2022Spatial-Temporal Frequency Forgery Clue for Video Forgery Detection in VIS and NIR Scenariocited by 5
- 2025Beyond Deepfake vs Real: Facial Deepfake Detection in the Open-Set Paradigmcited by 1
- 2025PRADA: Probability-Ratio-Based Attribution and Detection of Autoregressive-Generated Imagescited by 1
- 2026ImageAttributionBench: How Far Are We from Generalizable Attribution?cited by 1
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026Representation and Reference Selection in Training-Free Synthetic Image Attribution13 Jul 2026
- 2026ImageAttributionBench: How Far Are We from Generalizable Attribution?13 May 2026
- 2025PRADA: Probability-Ratio-Based Attribution and Detection of Autoregressive-Generated Images25 Nov 2025
- 2025Guard Me If You Know Me: Protecting Specific Face-Identity from Deepfakes26 May 2025
- 2025Beyond Deepfake vs Real: Facial Deepfake Detection in the Open-Set Paradigm11 Mar 2025
- 2024X2-DFD: A framework for eXplainable and eXtendable Deepfake Detection8 Oct 2024
- 2024Deep Learning Technology for Face Forgery Detection: A Survey22 Sep 2024
- 2024DF40: Toward Next-Generation Deepfake Detection19 Jun 2024
- 2024Federated Face Forgery Detection Learning with Personalized Representation17 Jun 2024
- 2024BOSC: A Backdoor-based Framework for Open Set Synthetic Image Attribution19 May 2024
- 2023Transcending Forgery Specificity with Latent Space Augmentation for Generalizable Deepfake Detection19 Nov 2023
- 2023A Siamese-based Verification System for Open-set Architecture Attribution of Synthetic Images19 Jul 2023
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)